Limyra ( grc, Λίμυρα) ( xlc, 𐊈𐊚𐊎𐊒𐊕𐊁 was a small city in ancient Lycia on the southern coast of Asia Minor, on the Limyrus River ( grc, Λιμύρος).

History

Already flourishing in the second millennium BC, the city was one of the oldest and most prosperous in Lycia; it gradually became one of the most flourishing trade centres in the Greek world. In the 4th century BC Pericles, Dynast of Lycia supported a rebellion of satraps in Asia Minor against the ruling Persians and adopted Limyra as the capital of the Lycian League; subsequently it came under control of the Achaemenid Empire, Persian Empire. The Persians eventually regained rule through Mausolus, the Carian satrap at Halicarnassus. After Alexander the Great ended Persian rule, most of Lycia was ruled by Ptolemy I Soter; his son Ptolemy II Philadelphos supported the Limyrans against the invading Galatians (people), Galatians and the inhabitants dedicated a monument, the Ptolemaion, to him in thanks. Limyra is mentioned by Strabo (XIV, 666), Ptolemy (V, 3, 6) and several Latin authors. Augustus had adopted his grandson Gaius Caesar in 17 BC (aged 3) as his heir. In 1 BC (aged 19) Gaius Caesar was sent to Syria and in 2 AD he went to Armenia, which the Parthians had recently invaded. Gaius successfully placed a pro-Roman king on the Armenian throne but was seriously wounded after being tricked. In 4 AD, during his return to Rome, Gaius died from his wounds at Limyra.

The Site

The lower city is at the base of the acropolis hill and includes two separate walled areas. The five necropolises dating from the 4th c. BC and before demonstrate the city's importance. The mausoleum of Pericles is particularly notable for its fine reliefs and exquisite sculptures such as Perseus slaying Medusa and one of her sisters. A gate in the western city leads down through a marshy area towards the cenotaph of Gaius Caesar, grandson and heir apparent of Augustus, a massive structure standing on a stone podium and dating from around 4 AD. The Romans cut a theatre into the hill which held 8000 spectators. It was commissioned in the second century AD by an important Lycian benefactor named Opramoas of Rhodiapolis. Also from this period are a bathhouse with a complex heating system and the colonnaded streets. The Roman Bridge near Limyra, Bridge at Limyra, east of the city, is one of the oldest segmental arch bridges in the world.Sopheone Pétridès, "Limyra" in ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (New York 1910)
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Ecclesiastical history

Limyra is mentioned as a bishopric in ''Notitiæ Episcopatuum'' down to the 12th and 13th centuries as a suffragan of the metropolitan of Myra. Six bishops are known: Diotimus, mentioned by St. Basil (ep. CCXVIII); Lupicinus, present at the First Council of Constantinople, 381; Stephen, at the Council of Chalcedon (451); Theodore, at the Second Council of Constantinople in 553; Leo, at the Second Council of Nicaea in 787; Nicephorus, at the Council of Constantinople (879-880), Council of Constantinople (879-880). In the ''Annuario Pontificio'' it is listed as a titular see of the Roman province of Lycia.''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ), p. 917

Gallery

File:Limyra Roman Theatre 3944.jpg, Limyra Theatre from uphill File:Limyra 5110.jpg, Limyra Theatre File:Limyra 5105.jpg, Limyra Theatre corridors File:Limyra 3748.jpg, Limyra Cenotaph of Gaius Caesar File:Antalya museum march 2012 5689.jpg, Limyra Cenotaph Gaius Caesar in Antalya Museum File:Limyra 3735.jpg, Limyra Ptolemaion File:Antalya Museum feb 2015 6584.jpg, Limyra Ptolemaion relief in Antalya Museum File:Limyra 5182.jpg, Limyra Bee keeping File:Limyra 5123.jpg, Limyra tomb of Tebursseli File:Limyra 5124.jpg, Limyra tomb of Tebursseli decoration File:Limyra 5134.jpg, Limyra Temple-type tomb File:Limyra 5161.jpg, Limyra Sarcophagus of Xñtabura File:Limyra 3965.jpg, Limyra Rock graves File:Antalya Museum march 2013 7714.jpg, Limyra Heroon Pericles in Antalya Museum File:Limyra 5220.jpg, Limyra Roman Bridge

References

{{coord, 36, 20, 34.19, N, 30, 10, 13.87, E, type:landmark_region:TR_source:dewiki, display=title Catholic titular sees in Asia Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey Populated places in ancient Lycia Roman towns and cities in Turkey Former populated places in Turkey Finike District