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Kringle (, ) is a Northern European pastry, a variety of
pretzel A pretzel (), from German pronunciation, standard german: Breze(l) ( and French / Alsatian: ''Bretzel'') is a type of baked bread made from dough that is commonly shaped into a knot. The traditional pretzel shape is a distinctive symmetrical ...
. Pretzels were introduced by Roman Catholic monks in the 13th century in Denmark, and from there they spread throughout Scandinavia and evolved into several kinds of sweet, salty or filled pastries, all in the shape of kringle. In
Danish Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish ance ...
and Norwegian, the word is ''kringle'', plural ''kringler''; et, kringel, plural ''kringlid''; lv, kliņģeris, plural ''kliņģeri''; sv, kringla, plural ''kringlor''; fi, rinkeli; german: Kringel and Icelandic: ''kringla''. The word originates from the Old Norse ''kringla'', meaning ring or circle. In the Netherlands, a particular type of sweet kringle is well known under the Dutch name ''krakeling''. The shape of the kringle has given name to a similarly entangled feature found in some proteins, the so-called kringle domain.


Scandinavia

In Denmark, ''kringle'' denotes the
pretzel A pretzel (), from German pronunciation, standard german: Breze(l) ( and French / Alsatian: ''Bretzel'') is a type of baked bread made from dough that is commonly shaped into a knot. The traditional pretzel shape is a distinctive symmetrical ...
-like knotted shape rather than the pretzel pastry type. Kringler may be made from puff pastry (like
Danish pastry A Danish pastry ( da, wienerbrød ) sometimes shortened to just Danish, especially in American English) is a multilayered, laminated sweet pastry in the ''viennoiserie'' tradition. The concept was brought to Denmark by Austrian bakers, where the r ...
) or yeast dough, filled with
remonce Remonce is a cake-filling paste used in various traditional Danish pastries. It is made by creaming softened butter with sugar, and is sometimes flavoured with cinnamon (e.g. in cinnamon snails), cardamom, custard, marzipan, or almond paste ...
or
marzipan Marzipan is a confectionery, confection consisting primarily of sugar, honey, and almond meal (ground almonds), sometimes augmented with almond oil or extract. It is often made into Confectionery, sweets; common uses are chocolate-covered marzi ...
and raisins, sprinkled with coarse sugar, nut flakes or icing. Other types of kringles in Scandinavia include ''saltkringler'', which are small salty kringler - the Scandinavian equivalent of pretzels -, and ''kommenskringler'' which are half-hand-sized breads in the kringle shape, made from unsweetened yeast dough spiced with caraway seeds. ''Sukkerkringler'' are similar, but sweet pretzels, sprinkled with sugar instead of caraway. ''Fødselsdagskringler'' are a large sweet bread pretzel for birthday celebrations. ''Smørkringler'' are large crusty and sweet pretzels with a spread of butter on the backside. Smørkringler are not as popular nowadays. Kringler are pastries with a long history in Denmark, and are still popular items in modern Danish bakeries. Nowadays, kringles are usually made with only one crossing and not two, as in the original kringle and pretzel shape. Official homepage of the Baker's Guild of Copenhagen.


United States

In the United States, kringles are hand-rolled from Danish pastry dough (''wienerbrød'' dough) that has been rested overnight before shaping, filling, and baking. Many sheets of the flaky dough are layered, then shaped into an oval. After filling with fruit, nut, or other flavor combinations, the pastry is baked and iced.Marialisa Calta
"Fare of the country: Wisconsin, Danish Pastry With a Classic Twist"
''The New York Times'', July 9, 1989.
Racine, Wisconsin Racine ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Racine County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Root River. Racine is situated 22 miles (35 km) south of Milwaukee and approximately 60 ...
, has historically been a center of Danish-American culture and kringle-making. A typical Racine-made kringle is a large, flat oval measuring approximately 14 inches by 10 inches and weighing about 1.5 pounds. The kringle became the official state pastry of Wisconsin on June 30, 2013. A Wisconsin distillery in Middleton, Wisconsin, makes a kringle-flavored cream liqueur from Wisconsin cream, rum, sugar, and natural kringle flavor. In other parts of the United States, kringle may refer to a slightly sweet buttermilk cookie shaped like a pretzel or figure eight. Other places where kringles may be found in the United States include the Ballard area of Seattle, Washington; Redmond, Washington; Solvang, California;
Story City, Iowa Story City is a city in Story County, Iowa. It is located within the Ames, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area which envelops the entirety of Story County and combined with the Boone, Iowa Micropolitan Statistical Area makes up the larger Ames-Boo ...
; Burr Ridge, Illinois; Springfield, Missouri, and Watertown, Massachusetts. In 2005, Dana College in
Blair, Nebraska Blair is a city in and the county seat of Washington County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 7,990 at the 2010 census. History Blair was platted in 1869 when the Sioux City and Pacific Railroad was extended to that point. It was n ...
, held a Kringle Kontest, which was won by Kirsten's Danish Bakery in Burr Ridge, Illinois.


Symbolism

Baker's guilds in Europe have used the kringle or pretzel as a symbol for centuries. It is told (but currently unconfirmed by historic documents), that when Vienna was besieged by the Turkish Ottoman armies in 1529, local bakers working in the night gave the city defence an early warning of the attacking enemy. For this, they were later rewarded by the Pope, with permission to use a crown as part of their kringle guild symbol. For unknown reasons, the guild in Denmark is now the only baker's guild in the world with official authority to display a royal crown as part of their baker's guild trade symbol that is often hung outside of bakery shops. Official homepage of the association of Bakers and Confectioners in Denmark.


See also

*
Danish cuisine Danish cuisine ( da, det danske køkken) originated from the peasant population's own local produce and was enhanced by cooking techniques developed in the late 19th century and the wider availability of goods during and after the Industrial Rev ...
* Estonian cuisine *
King cake A king cake, also known as a three kings cake, is a cake associated in many countries with Epiphany. Its form and ingredients are variable, but in most cases a () such as a figurine, often said to represent the Christ Child, is hidden inside. ...
* Norwegian cuisine *


References


External links


Racine Kringle Recipe
''taste of home'' *https://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/kringle-recipe0-1941189 Racine Kringle Recipe] Food Network {{pastries Danish pastries Estonian cuisine Norwegian cuisine Cuisine of Wisconsin Cuisine of the Midwestern United States Pretzels