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Katwijk (), also spelled Katwyk, is a coastal municipality and town in the province of
South Holland South Holland ( nl, Zuid-Holland ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.7 million as of October 2021 and a population density of about , making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely ...
, which is situated in the mid-western part of the Netherlands. The Oude Rijn ("Old Rhine") river flows through the town and into the North Sea. Katwijk is located on the North Sea, northwest of Leiden and 16 km north of The Hague. It shares its borders with the municipalities of Noordwijk, Teylingen, Oegstgeest, Leiden, and Wassenaar. In August 2020, Katwijk had a population of 65.929 and covers an area of , of which is water. Katwijk is by far the largest town in the Duin- en Bollenstreek ("Dune and Bulb Region").


Districts

The town consists of a number of districts, including namesakes Katwijk aan den Rijn and Katwijk aan Zee. On 1 January 2005 the various districts had the following populations: :* Katwijk aan den Rijn (5,916) :* Katwijk aan Zee (22,405) :* Katwijk-Noord (13,845) :* Rijnsburg (15,450) :* Valkenburg (3,904) Lying on the coast, Katwijk aan Zee is (and has always been) the larger town. Katwijk aan den Rijn lies just slightly inland. Rijnsburg is situated east of Katwijk aan den Rijn whereas Valkenburg finds itself to the south. Katwijk-Noord is situated north of Katwijk aan Zee. Although consisting of historically separate towns (except Katwijk-Noord) that still today maintain separate identities, the towns have more or less grown together and merged into a single conurbation. The creation of the municipality of Katwijk is a recognition of that fact. The town hall of the current municipality of Katwijk is located in Katwijk aan den Rijn, near the boundary of Katwijk aan Zee. All these districts lie along the Oude Rijn.


History

The name "Katwijk" probably has its origins in the name of a Germanic tribe called the Chatten (Chatti). The Dutch word "''wijk''" means "area", so the name probably meant something like "the Chatti area". In Romans times, Katwijk was a place of strategic importance. It was located at the Roman Empire's northern border, at the mouth of the Rhine river, which in Roman times was larger in this area than it is today. There was a good deal of traffic along the Rhine. Katwijk was also a jumping-off point for the voyage to Britain. Built during the reign of Emperor Claudius (41-54), the town's name was '' Lugdunum Batavorum''. The town's name was later associated with the name of the city of Leiden, but this is now thought to be incorrect. In 1231, the first reference to ''Catwijck'' appeared in records. The history of the modern municipality of Katwijk is essentially the history of its constituent parts, which for each village extends back to Roman times. However, Katwijk aan Zee, Katwijk aan den Rijn and Valkenburg were part of the same
heerlijkheid A ''heerlijkheid'' (a Dutch word; pl. ''heerlijkheden''; also called ''heerschap''; Latin: ''Dominium'') was a landed estate that served as the lowest administrative and judicial unit in rural areas in the Dutch-speaking Low Countries before 1800. ...
called "Beide de Katwijken en 't Zand" (or something similar). They have been administratively joined for centuries despite their differing characters. Katwijk aan Zee was a fishing town and Katwijk aan den Rijn had an agricultural character. During World War II, Katwijk aan Zee was heavily damaged. On 1 May 1942 beach access was no longer permitted and large scale evacuation took place. From October 1943 houses were demolished as part of the construction of the
Atlantic Wall The Atlantic Wall (german: link=no, Atlantikwall) was an extensive system of coastal defences and fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the coast of continental Europe and Scandinavia as a defence against an anticip ...
. On 1 January 2006, Rijnsburg and Valkenburg were also merged into the municipality, it's called nowadays Katwijk.


Public transportation

Katwijk is a larger town in the Netherlands without a railway station, and the largest without any railway connection. The nearest railway stations are Voorhout and Leiden. Katwijk is connected by bus with Noordwijk, Leiden, The Hague and Lisse. The public transport by bus is served by Arriva. As of 9 December 2012 new buslines came to Katwijk. In 2019 and 2020 a lot is changing in Katwijk and Leiden. A quick bus line from Noordwijk to Leiden, with an extra-long bus needs many changes, especially in Katwijk, a two-year plan.


Bus transportation

* Bus 430/432 - Travels from Noordwijk Estec via the Biltlaan and Zeeweg and
N206 N, or n, is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''. History ...
to Leiden Centraal. During the day, this bus departs every 15 minutes in every direction. * Bus 431 - Travels from Katwijk Boulevard-South via Vuurbaak, Boulevard, Tramstraat and Zeeweg to the N206 to Leiden, where it ends at the railway station. During the day, this bus departs every 15 minutes (every 10 minutes during morning rush hour). * Bus 35 - Local bus service, running from Duinvallei to Unmanned Valley * Bus 38 - Travels from Katwijk Raadhuis via Kon. Julianalaan and Zanderij through Valkenburg to Leiden Centraal, once an hour. * Bus 90 - Travels from Lisse, Noordwijkerhout, Noordwijk, Katwijk, Rijnsburg, Oegstgeest to Leiden Centraal, twice an hour. Buses on this route have been converted to allow bicycles to be brought onto the bus. Bus 90 took over the route from bus 37 (Katwijk to Leiden and back) * Q-liner 385 - Q-liner 385 travels from
Sassenheim railway station Sassenheim is a railway station in Sassenheim, Netherlands and is situated on the Schiphollijn (Weesp - Leiden). Construction began in 2009 and the station was opened on 9 December 2011, while train services started on 11 December 2011. The statio ...
, via Katwijk to The Hague Central railway station. Additionally, Rijnsburg and the far northeastern part of Katwijk-Noord are served by bus 20 and 21, running between Noordwijk and Leiden. Peak hour buses connect industrial zones with surrounding municipalities.


Notable people

*
Charley Toorop Charley Toorop (24 March 1891 – 5 November 1955) was a Dutch painter and lithographer. Her full name was Annie Caroline Pontifex Fernhout-Toorop. Life Charley Toorop was born in Katwijk. She was the daughter of Jan Toorop and Annie Hall. ...
(1891 in Katwijk – 1955) a Dutch painter and lithographer * Esther Ouwehand (born 1976 in Katwijk) a politician, parliamentarian for the
Party for the Animals The Party for the Animals ( nl, Partij voor de Dieren; PvdD) is a List of political parties in the Netherlands, political party in the Netherlands. Among its main goals are animal rights and animal welfare. Since 2019, the PvdD's political lead ...


Sport

*
Willem Driebergen Willem Driebergen (4 June 1892 – 7 April 1965) was a Dutch fencer. He competed in the individual and team épée events at the 1928 and 1936 Summer Olympics The 1936 Summer Olympics (German: ''Olympische Sommerspiele 1936''), offici ...
(1892 in Katwijk aan Zee – 1965) a Dutch fencer, competed in the individual and team épée events at the
1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhanov, J ...
and
1936 Summer Olympics The 1936 Summer Olympics (German: ''Olympische Sommerspiele 1936''), officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad (German: ''Spiele der XI. Olympiade'') and commonly known as Berlin 1936 or the Nazi Olympics, were an international multi-sp ...
*
Cees de Vreugd Cees de Vreugd, also known as "Kees de Vreugd" (9 March 1952 – 7 October 1998) was a butcher, strongman (strength athlete), strongman and powerlifting, powerlifter from Katwijk, Netherlands. He finished third at the World's Strongest Man game ...
, (1952 in Katwijk – 1998) a butcher, strongman and powerlifter * Jan Siemerink (born 1970 in Rijnsburg) a retired tennis player *
Petra Grimbergen Petra de Boer-Grimbergen (born 4 July 1970) is a former female road and track racing cyclist and long track speed skating, speed skater from the Netherlands. She competed in the Cycling at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Women's road race, individua ...
(born 1970 in Rijnsburg) a female road and track racing cyclist, competed at the
1992 Summer Olympics The 1992 Summer Olympics ( es, Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992, ca, Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992), officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad ( es, Juegos de la XXV Olimpiada, ca, Jocs de la XXV Olimpíada) and commonly known as ...
*
Jeffrey Talan Jeffrey Dennis Talan (born 29 September 1971) is a Dutch professional football coach and former player who is the assistant coach of Almere City. He gained 8 caps for the Netherlands national football team, in which he scored once. Club career D ...
(born 1971 in Katwijk) a former professional Dutch international footballer with over 250 club caps * Marcus van Teijlingen (born 1973 in Rijnsburg) a Dutch dance instructor and professional Latin-American dancer *
Dirk Kuyt Dirk Kuijt (anglicised to Kuyt, ; born 22 July 1980) is a Dutch former professional footballer and was the head coach of Eerste Divisie side ADO Den Haag. Originally starting out as a striker, he played much of his career as a winger. Kuyt beg ...
(born 1980 in Katwijk) a Dutch former professional footballer with 636 club caps *
Petra Hogewoning Petra Marieka Jacoba Hogewoning (; born 26 March 1986) is a Dutch retired football defender. She played for clubs in the Netherlands, Russia, the United States and Germany, as well as for the Netherlands women's national football team. Club c ...
(born 1986 in Rijnsburg) a Dutch retired football defender *
Nick Driebergen Nicolaas "Nick" Driebergen (born August 19, 1987 in Rijnsburg) is a former Dutch Swimmer who is specialized in backstroke. He currently holds national long course records in all backstroke events and in the 4×100 medley relay. At short course he ...
(born 1987 in Rijnsburg) a Dutch former backstroke swimmer, competed at the
2012 Summer Olympics The 2012 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad and also known as London 2012) was an international multi-sport event held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, England, United Kingdom. The first event, the ...
*
Jaap van Duijn Jaap van Duijn (born 23 December 1990) is a Dutch footballer who plays as a striker. Club career Van Duijn grew up with hometown club Quick Boys and became as A junior plucked by PSV. In Eindhoven played the winger in PSV A1 and the team promi ...
(born 1990 in Katwijk) a Dutch football striker *
Dirk van Duijvenbode Dirk van Duijvenbode (born 30 June 1992) is a Dutch professional darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. He is known for his energetic walk-on, combined with hardstyle music. More recently, he has become known for ...
(born 1992 in Katwijk aan Zee) a Dutch
Professional Darts Corporation The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World ...
player *
Arno Kamminga Arno Kamminga (born 22 October 1995) is a Dutch swimmer. He won silver medals in the 100 metre breaststroke and 200 metre breaststroke events at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He competed in the men's 50 metre breaststroke event at the 2017 World ...
(born 1995 in Katwijk) a Dutch breaststroke swimmer, competed at the
2020 Summer Olympics The , officially the and also known as , was an international multi-sport event held from 23 July to 8 August 2021 in Tokyo, Japan, with some preliminary events that began on 21 July. Tokyo was selected as the host city during the ...


Popular Culture

*The fictional operator 'Iana' from the game Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege is from KatwijkIana Overview - Ubisoft Website
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Tourist attractions

Katwijk is a seaside resort with a wide sandy beach. Its attractiveness is mainly due to its laid-back atmosphere. The boulevard along the shore is not spoiled by large hotels or apartment blocks and has not given in to an excessive commercialisation. Although most buildings lining the boulevard are tourist apartments and pensions, most are just three floors high (and none more than five) and offer a distinctive 'feel' of the 1950s. Besides the beach, there are a few museums in Katwijk, like the old fisherman's museum Katwijks Museum and the Spinoza-museum. A few kilometers inland is the Valkenburg Lake Steam Train, a narrow-gauge railway museum where a scenic
steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the locomot ...
driven train ride can be taken around Lake Valkenburg. Katwijk has many hotels and three camping places, mostly situated in the
dune A dune is a landform composed of wind- or water-driven sand. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. An area with dunes is called a dune system or a dune complex. A large dune complex is called a dune field, while broad, f ...
s.


Twin towns


Miscellaneous

*Katwijk was the landing point for the TAT-14 international telecommunications cable. *Just north of the Katwijk-Noord district, European space research center ESTEC is located in the municipality of Noordwijk (although several kilometers from the village of Noordwijk).


Image gallery

File:Katwijk overzicht vanuit de vuurbaak.jpg, View from the lighthouse File:Boulevard Katwijk aan Zee 2.jpg, South boulevard File:Prins Hendrikkanaal (haven) Katwijk.jpg, Prins Hendrikkade File:Katwijk - Cycling on the boulevard on a sunny day.jpg, Boulevard near the towncenter. File:Katwijk aan Zee, Koninginneweg, Netherlands - panoramio (1).jpg, Koninginneweg File:Afbraak, evacuatie en wederopbouw, Netherlands - Katwijk.jpg, Monument in remembrance of the partial demolition and evacuation of Katwijk during World War II. Image:Tram met museum op achtergrond.jpg, Steam tram at tramstop Valkenburgse Meer, with narrow gauge museum at the background Image:Turfmarkt Katwijk.jpg, ''Old Rhine'' with Turfmarkt square at the background


References


External links


Official website
{{Authority control Municipalities of South Holland Populated places in South Holland Germania Inferior Populated coastal places in the Netherlands