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, known simply as Hokusai, was a Japanese ukiyo-e artist of the Edo period, active as a painter and
printmaker Printmaking is the process of creating work of art, artworks by printing, normally on paper, but also on fabric, wood, metal, and other surfaces. "Traditional printmaking" normally covers only the process of creating prints using a hand proce ...
. He is best known for the woodblock print series '' Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji'', which includes the iconic print '' The Great Wave off Kanagawa''. Hokusai was instrumental in developing ''ukiyo-e'' from a style of portraiture largely focused on courtesans and actors into a much broader style of art that focused on landscapes, plants, and animals. Hokusai created the monumental ''Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji'' as a response to a domestic travel boom in Japan and as part of a personal interest in
Mount Fuji , or Fugaku, located on the island of Honshū, is the highest mountain in Japan, with a summit elevation of . It is the second-highest volcano located on an island in Asia (after Mount Kerinci on the island of Sumatra), and seventh-highest p ...
. It was this series, specifically, ''The Great Wave off Kanagawa'' and '' Fine Wind, Clear Morning'', that secured his fame both in Japan and overseas. Hokusai was best known for his woodblock ukiyo-e prints, but he worked in a variety of mediums including painting and book illustration. Starting as a young child, he continued working and improving his style until his death, aged 88. In a long and successful career, Hokusai produced over 30,000 paintings, sketches, woodblock prints, and images for picture books in total. Innovative in his compositions and exceptional in his drawing technique, Hokusai is considered one of the greatest masters in the history of art.


Early life

Hokusai's date of birth is unclear, but is often stated as the 23rd day of the 9th month of the 10th year of the Hōreki era (in the
old calendar Old Calendarists (Greek: ''palaioimerologitai'' or ''palaioimerologites''), also known as Old Feasters (''palaioeortologitai''), Genuine Orthodox Christians or True Orthodox Christians (GOC; ), are traditionalist groups of Eastern Orthodox Chri ...
, or 31 October 1760) to an artisan family, in the Katsushika district of
Edo Edo ( ja, , , "bay-entrance" or "estuary"), also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. Edo, formerly a ''jōkamachi'' (castle town) centered on Edo Castle located in Musashi Province, became the ''de facto'' capital of ...
, the capital of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate. His childhood name was Tokitarō. It is believed his father was Nakajima Ise, a mirror-maker for the shōgun. His father never made Hokusai an heir, so it is possible that his mother was a concubine. Hokusai began painting around the age of six, perhaps learning from his father, whose work included the painting of designs around mirrors. Hokusai was known by at least thirty names during his lifetime. While the use of multiple names was a common practice of Japanese artists of the time, his number of pseudonyms exceeds that of any other major Japanese artist. His name changes are so frequent, and so often related to changes in his artistic production and style, that they are used for breaking his life up into periods. At the age of 12, his father sent him to work in a bookshop and lending library, a popular institution in Japanese cities, where reading books made from woodcut blocks was a popular entertainment of the middle and upper classes. At 14, he worked as an apprentice to a woodcarver, until the age of 18, when he entered the studio of Katsukawa Shunshō. Shunshō was an artist of '' ukiyo-e'', a style of woodblock prints and paintings that Hokusai would master, and head of the so-called Katsukawa school. ''Ukiyo-e'', as practised by artists like Shunshō, focused on images of the courtesans ('' bijin-ga'') and kabuki actors ('' yakusha-e'') who were popular in Japan's cities at the time. After a year, Hokusai's name changed for the first time, when he was dubbed Shunrō by his master. It was under this name that he published his first prints, a series of pictures of kabuki actors published in 1779. During the decade he worked in Shunshō's studio, Hokusai was married to his first wife, about whom very little is known except that she died in the early 1790s. He married again in 1797, although this second wife also died after a short time. He fathered two sons and three daughters with these two wives, and his youngest daughter Ei, also known as Ōi, eventually became an artist and his assistant. ''Fireworks in the Cool of Evening at Ryogoku Bridge in Edo'' () dates from this period of Hokusai's life. Upon the death of Shunshō in 1793, Hokusai began exploring other styles of art, including European styles he was exposed to through French and Dutch copper engravings he was able to acquire. He was soon expelled from the Katsukawa school by Shunkō, the chief disciple of Shunshō, possibly due to his studies at the rival Kanō school. This event was, in his own words, inspirational: "What really motivated the development of my artistic style was the embarrassment I suffered at Shunkō's hands." Hokusai also changed the subjects of his works, moving away from the images of courtesans and actors that were the traditional subjects of ukiyo-e. Instead, his work became focused on landscapes and images of the daily life of Japanese people from a variety of social levels. This change of subject was a breakthrough in ukiyo-e and in Hokusai's career.


Middle period

The next period saw Hokusai's association with the Tawaraya School and the adoption of the name "Tawaraya Sōri". He produced many privately commissioned prints for special occasions ('' surimono''), and illustrations for books of humorous poems (''kyōka ehon'') during this time. In 1798, Hokusai passed his name on to a pupil and set out as an independent artist, free from ties to a school for the first time, adopting the name Hokusai Tomisa. By 1800, Hokusai was further developing his use of ukiyo-e for purposes other than portraiture. He had also adopted the name he would most widely be known by, Katsushika Hokusai, the former name referring to the part of Edo where he was born, the latter meaning 'north studio', in honour of the North Star, symbol of a deity important in his religion of Nichiren Buddhism. That year, he published two collections of landscapes, ''Famous Sights of the Eastern Capital'' and ''Eight Views of Edo'' (modern Tokyo). He also began to attract students of his own, eventually teaching 50 pupils over the course of his life. He became increasingly famous over the next decade, both due to his artwork and his talent for self-promotion. During an Edo festival in 1804, he created an enormous portrait of the Buddhist prelate Daruma, said to be 200 square meters, using a broom and buckets full of ink. Another story places him in the court of the shōgun Tokugawa Ienari, invited there to compete with another artist who practised more traditional brushstroke painting. Hokusai painted a blue curve on paper, then chased a chicken whose feet had been dipped in red paint across the image. He described the painting to the shōgun as a landscape showing the Tatsuta River with red maple leaves floating in it, winning the competition. Between 1804 and 1815 saw Hokusai collaborate with the popular novelist Takizawa Bakin on a series of illustrated books. Especially popular was the fantasy novel ''Chinsetsu Yumiharizuki'' (''Strange Tales of the Crescent Moon'', 1807–1811) with
Minamoto no Tametomo , also known as , was a samurai who fought in the Hōgen Rebellion of 1156. He was the son of Minamoto no Tameyoshi, and brother to Yukiie and Yoshitomo. Tametomo is known in the epic chronicles as a powerful archer and it is said that he onc ...
as the main character, and Hokusai gained fame with his creative and powerful illustrations, but the collaboration ended after thirteen works. There are various theories as to why they dissolved their cooperation, such as discordant personalities and conflicting opinions on how to draw illustrations. Hokusai also created several albums of erotic art ('' shunga''). His most famous image in this genre is '' The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife'', which depicts a young woman entwined sexually with a pair of octopuses, from ''
Kinoe no Komatsu ''Kinoe no Komatsu'' () ('Young Pines' or 'Pine Seedlings on the First Rat Day'), published in three volumes in 1814, is a woodblock-printed book of ''shunga'' erotica by Hokusai made within the ukiyo-e genre. Description The series consists o ...
'', a three-volume book of shunga from 1814. Hokusai paid close attention to the production of his work. In letters during his involvement with ''Toshisen Ehon'', a Japanese edition of an anthology of Chinese poetry, Hokusai wrote to the publisher that the blockcutter
Egawa Tomekichi Egawa Tomekichi (fl. ) was a master carver of Japanese woodblock prints in Edo period Japan. He is known for his exceptional work on Hokusai's illustrated books (''e-hon'') such as the ''Hokusai Manga'' and his ''100 Views of Mount Fuji'' which ...
, with whom Hokusai had previously worked and whom he respected, had strayed from Hokusai's style in the cutting of certain heads. He also wrote directly to another blockcutter involved in the project, Sugita Kinsuke, stating that he disliked the Utagawa school style in which Kinsuke had cut the figure's eyes and noses and that amendments were needed for the final prints to be true to his style. In his letter, Hokusai included examples of both his style of illustrating eyes and noses and the Utagawa school style. In 1811, at the age of 51, Hokusai changed his name to ''Taito'' and entered the period in which he created the ''
Hokusai Manga The is a collection of sketches of various subjects by the Japanese artist Hokusai. Subjects of the sketches include landscapes, flora and fauna, everyday life and the supernatural. The word ''manga'' in the title does not refer to the contemp ...
'' and various ''etehon'', or art manuals. These manuals beginning in 1812 with ''Quick Lessons in Simplified Drawing'', were intended as a convenient way to make money and attract more students. The first volume of ''Manga'' (meaning random drawings) was published in 1814 and was an immediate success. By 1820, he had produced twelve volumes (with three more published posthumously) which include thousands of drawings of objects, plants, animals, religious figures, and everyday people, often with humorous overtones. On 5 October 1817, he painted the ''
Great Daruma The ''Great Daruma'' was a monumental portrait created by Japanese artist Hokusai on 5 October 1817. Also known as the ''Great Bodhidarma'', the work is a depiction of Bodhidharma, known in Japan as Daruma, a revered Buddhist monk of the 5th or ...
'' outside the Hongan-ji Nagoya Betsuin in Nagoya. This portrait in ink on paper measured 18 × 10.8 metres, and the event drew huge crowds. The feat was recounted in a popular song and he received the name "''Darusen'' or "Daruma Master" Although the original was destroyed in 1945, Hokusai's promotional handbills from that time survived and are preserved at the
Nagoya City Museum The is a museum of the city of Nagoya in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The Nagoya City Museum was established in 1977. Its collection includes archaeological materials, fine art, crafts, documents, books and folk materials including samurai armor a ...
. In 1820, Hokusai changed his name yet again, this time to "Iitsu," a change which marked the start of a period in which he secured fame as an artist throughout Japan. His most celebrated work, '' Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji'', including the famous '' Great Wave off Kanagawa'' and ''
Red Fuji , also known as ''Red Fuji'', is a woodblock print by Japanese artist Hokusai (1760–1849), part of his '' Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji'' series, dating from to 1832. The work has been described as "one of the simplest and at the same time on ...
'' was produced in the early 1830s. The results of Hokusai's perspectival studies in ''Manga'' can be seen here in ''The Great Wave'' where he uses what would have been seen as a western perspective to represent depth and volume. It proved so popular that ten more prints were later added to the series. Among the other popular series of prints he made during this time are '' A Tour of the Waterfalls of the Provinces'', ''
Oceans of Wisdom ''Chie no umi'' (, "The Oceans of Wisdom") is a ''chūban yoko-e'' (19 × 25.4 cm) sized woodblock print series by the Japanese artist Hokusai. The ten fishing-themed prints comprise one of Hokusai's rarest sets. Published by Moriya Jihei, it se ...
'' and ''Unusual Views of Celebrated Bridges in the Provinces''. He also began producing a number of detailed individual images of flowers and birds ('' kachō-e''), including the extraordinarily detailed ''Poppies'' and ''Flock of Chickens''.


Later life

The next period, beginning in 1834, saw Hokusai working under the name "Gakyō Rōjin" (; "The Old Man Mad About Art"). It was at this time that he produced ''
One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji is a series of three illustrated books by Japanese ukiyo-e artist Hokusai. It is considered one of Japan's most exceptional illustrated books ('' e-hon''), and alongside the ''Hokusai Manga'', the most influential in the West. The first two volu ...
'', another significant series, generally considered "the masterpiece among his landscape picture books". In the colophon to this work, Hokusai writes: In 1839, a fire destroyed Hokusai's studio and much of his work. By this time, his career was beginning to fade as younger artists such as
Andō Hiroshige Utagawa Hiroshige (, also ; ja, 歌川 広重 ), born Andō Tokutarō (; 1797 – 12 October 1858), was a Japanese ''ukiyo-e'' artist, considered the last great master of that tradition. Hiroshige is best known for his horizontal-format l ...
became increasingly popular. At the age of 83, Hokusai traveled to Obuse in
Shinano Province or is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture. Shinano bordered on Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, whi ...
(now
Nagano Prefecture is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū. Nagano Prefecture has a population of 2,052,493 () and has a geographic area of . Nagano Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture to the north, Gunma Prefecture to the ...
) at the invitation of a wealthy farmer, Takai Kozan where he stayed for several years. During his time in Obuse, he created several masterpieces, included the ''Masculine Wave'' and the ''Feminine Wave''. Between 1842 and 1843, in what he described as "daily exorcisms" (''nisshin joma''), Hokusai painted Chinese lions ('' shishi'') every morning in ink on paper as a talisman against misfortune. Hokusai continued working almost until the end, painting ''The Dragon of Smoke Escaping from Mt Fuji'' and ''
Tiger in the Snow ''Tiger in the Snow'' is a hanging scroll (''kakemono'') painted by Japanese ukiyo-e artist Hokusai in 1849. It is one of the last works he produced in his long and prolific career. Towards the end of his life, Hokusai began to draw many large ...
'' in early 1849.Tsuji Nobou in Calza (2003), p. 72 Constantly seeking to produce better work, he apparently exclaimed on his deathbed, "If only Heaven will give me just another ten years ... Just another five more years, then I could become a real painter." He died on 10 May 1849 and was buried at the Seikyō-ji in Tokyo (Taito Ward). A haiku he composed shortly before his death reads: "Though as a ghost, I shall lightly tread, the summer fields." File:Hokusai Dragon.jpg, ''Dragon'' on the Higashimachi Festival Float, Obuse, 1844 File:Femenine wave.jpg, ''Feminine Wave'', painted while living in Obuse, 1845 File:Hokusai-fuji-koryuu.png, ''The Dragon of Smoke Escaping From Mount Fuji'', painting, 1849 File:Hokusai, Tiger in the Snow.jpg, ''
Tiger in the Snow ''Tiger in the Snow'' is a hanging scroll (''kakemono'') painted by Japanese ukiyo-e artist Hokusai in 1849. It is one of the last works he produced in his long and prolific career. Towards the end of his life, Hokusai began to draw many large ...
'', hanging scroll, ink and colour on silk, 1849


Selected works

File:Katsushika Hokusai, tempesta sotto la vetta, dalla serie delle 36 vedute del monte fuji, 1831 ca.jpg, '' Thunderstorm Beneath the Summit'',
from '' Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji'' File:Hokusai au musée Guimet (8207452088).jpg, ''Kirifuri waterfall at Kurokami Mountain in Shimotsuke'',
from '' A Tour of Japanese Waterfalls'' File:Tako_to_ama_retouched.jpg, '' The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife'' (1814), included in ''
Kinoe no Komatsu ''Kinoe no Komatsu'' () ('Young Pines' or 'Pine Seedlings on the First Rat Day'), published in three volumes in 1814, is a woodblock-printed book of ''shunga'' erotica by Hokusai made within the ukiyo-e genre. Description The series consists o ...
'', a three-volume book of shunga erotica File:Hokusai (1828) Cuckoo and Azaleas.jpg, ''Cuckoo and Azaleas'', 1834
from the Small Flower series File:Egrets from Quick Lessons in Simplified Drawing, Hokusai, 1823.jpg, Egrets from ''Quick Lessons in Simplified Drawing'' File:Carp leaping up a cascade.jpg, ''Carp Leaping up a Cascade'' File:Katsushika Hokusai - The Lantern Ghost, Iwa - Google Art Project.jpg, ''The Ghost of Oiwa'',
from ''
One Hundred Ghost Stories ''One Hundred Ghost Stories'' (, ''Hyaku monogatari'') is a series of ukiyo-e woodblock prints made by Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) in the Yūrei-zu genre circa 1830. He created this series around the same time he was creating his most famous wo ...
'' File:Hokusai-shikishiban-still-life.jpg, ''Still Life'', surimono print File:Kajikazawa in Kai Province (Koshu Kajikazawa).jpg , '' Kajikazawa in Kai Province'',
from '' Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji'' File:Unusual Views of Celebrated Bridges in the Provinces-Sesshuu Tenmabashi.jpg, ''Tenma Bridge in Setsu Province'',
from ''Rare Views of Famous Japanese Bridges'' File:Hokusai 1760-1849 Ocean waves.jpg, ''Chōshi in Shimosha'',
from ''
Oceans of Wisdom ''Chie no umi'' (, "The Oceans of Wisdom") is a ''chūban yoko-e'' (19 × 25.4 cm) sized woodblock print series by the Japanese artist Hokusai. The ten fishing-themed prints comprise one of Hokusai's rarest sets. Published by Moriya Jihei, it se ...
'' File:The Big wave from 100 views of the Fuji, 2nd volume.jpg, "The Big Wave" from ''
One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji is a series of three illustrated books by Japanese ukiyo-e artist Hokusai. It is considered one of Japan's most exceptional illustrated books ('' e-hon''), and alongside the ''Hokusai Manga'', the most influential in the West. The first two volu ...
'' File:Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849), Veld in de Owari provincie (1829-33).jpg, ''Amida Falls'',
from '' A Tour of Japanese Waterfalls''


Influences on art and culture

Hokusai had achievements in various fields as an artist. He made designs for book illustrations and woodblock prints, sketches, and painting for over 70 years. Hokusai was an early experimenter with western linear perspective among Japanese artists. Hokusai himself was influenced by Sesshū Tōyō and other styles of Chinese painting. His influences stretched across the globe to his western contemporaries in nineteenth-century Europe with
Japonism ''Japonisme'' is a French term that refers to the popularity and influence of Japanese art and design among a number of Western European artists in the nineteenth century following the forced reopening of foreign trade with Japan in 1858. Japon ...
, which started with a craze for collecting Japanese art, particularly ukiyo-e, of which some of the first samples were to be seen in Paris, when in about 1856, the French artist Félix Bracquemond first came across a copy of the sketchbook ''Hokusai Manga'' at the workshop of his printer. He influenced the Impressionism movement, with themes echoing his work appearing in the work of Claude Monet and
Pierre-Auguste Renoir Pierre-Auguste Renoir (; 25 February 1841 – 3 December 1919) was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style. As a celebrator of beauty and especially feminine sensuality, it has been said that "R ...
, as well as
Art Nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...
, or Jugendstil in Germany. His woodcuts were collected by many European artists, including Degas, Gauguin,
Klimt Gustav Klimt (July 14, 1862 – February 6, 1918) was an Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession movement. Klimt is noted for his paintings, murals, sketches, and other objets d'art. Klimt's prim ...
,
Franz Marc Franz Moritz Wilhelm Marc (8 February 1880 – 4 March 1916) was a German painter and printmaker, one of the key figures of German Expressionism. He was a founding member of ''Der Blaue Reiter'' (The Blue Rider), a journal whose name later b ...
,
August Macke August Robert Ludwig Macke (3 January 1887 – 26 September 1914) was a German Expressionist painter. He was one of the leading members of the German Expressionist group Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider). He lived during a particularly act ...
, Manet, and van Gogh. Degas said of him, "Hokusai is not just one artist among others in the Floating World. He is an island, a continent, a whole world in himself."
Hermann Obrist Hermann Obrist (23 May 1862 at Kilchberg (near Zürich), Switzerland – 26 February 1927, Munich, Germany) was a Swiss sculptor of the Jugendstil and Art Nouveau movement. He studied Botany and History in his youth; the influence of those sub ...
's whiplash motif, or ''Peitschenhieb'', which came to exemplify the new movement, is visibly influenced by Hokusai's work. Even after his death, exhibitions of his artworks continue to grow. In 2005, Tokyo National Museum held a Hokusai exhibition which had the largest number of visitors of any exhibit there that year. Several paintings from the Tokyo exhibition were also exhibited in the United Kingdom. The British Museum held the first exhibition of Hokusai's later year artworks including '''The Great Wave in 2017. Hokusai inspired the
Hugo Award The Hugo Award is an annual literary award for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year, given at the World Science Fiction Convention and chosen by its members. The Hugo is widely considered the premier a ...
–winning short story by science fiction author Roger Zelazny, "
24 Views of Mt. Fuji, by Hokusai "24 Views of Mt. Fuji, by Hokusai " is a science fiction novella by American writer Roger Zelazny, originally published in the July 1985 issue of the ''Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine''. It won the Hugo Award for Best Novella in 1986 and ...
", in which the protagonist tours the area surrounding Mount Fuji, stopping at locations painted by Hokusai. A 2011 book on
mindfulness Mindfulness is the practice of purposely bringing one's attention to the present-moment experience without evaluation, a skill one develops through meditation or other training. Mindfulness derives from ''sati'', a significant element of Hind ...
closes with the poem "Hokusai Says" by Roger Keyes, preceded with the explanation that " metimes poetry captures the soul of an idea better than anything else." In the 1985 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', Richard Lane characterizes Hokusai as "since the later 19th century avingimpressed Western artists, critics and art lovers alike, more, possibly, than any other single Asian artist". '''Store Selling Picture Books and Ukiyo-e by Hokusai shows how ukiyo-e during the time was actually sold; it shows how these prints were sold at local shops, and ordinary people could buy ukiyo-e. Unusually in this image, Hokusai used a hand-colored approach instead of using several separated woodblocks. His youngest daughter Ei has her own manga and film called ''
Miss Hokusai is a Japanese historical manga series written and illustrated by Hinako Sugiura, telling the story of Katsushika Ōi who worked in the shadow of her father Hokusai. It was adapted into an anime film directed by Keiichi Hara, that was relea ...
''. A biographical film about the painter was released in Japan on May 28, 2021. It was premiered at the 33rd Tokyo International Film Festival.


Notes


References

* * Lane, Richard (1978). ''Images from the Floating World: The Japanese Print''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; . * Nagata, Seiji (1995). ''Hokusai: Genius of the Japanese Ukiyo-e''. Tokyo: Kodansha International. * Ray, Deborah Kogan (2001). ''Hokusai: The Man Who Painted a Mountain''. New York: Frances Foster Books. . * Smith, Henry D. II (1988). ''Hokusai: One Hundred Views of Mt. Fuji''. New York: George Braziller, Inc., Publishers. . * Weston, Mark (1999). ''Giants of Japan: The Lives of Japan's Most Influential Men and Women''. New York: Kodansha International. .


Further reading


General biography

* Bowie, Theodore (1964). ''The Drawings of Hokusai.'' Indiana University Press, Bloomington. * Forrer, Matthi (1988). ''Hokusai'' Rizzoli, New York. . * Forrer, Matthi; van Gulik, Willem R., and Kaempfer, Heinz M. (1982). ''Hokusai and His School: Paintings, Drawings and Illustrated Books.'' Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem. * Hillier, Jack (1955). ''Hokusai: Paintings, Drawings and Woodcuts.'' Phaidon, London. * Hillier, Jack (1980). ''Art of Hokusai in Book Illustration.'' Sotheby Publications, London. . * Lane, Richard (1989). ''Hokusai: Life and Work.'' E.P. Dutton. . * van Rappard-Boon, Charlotte (1982). ''Hokusai and his School: Japanese Prints c. 1800–1840 (Catalogue of the Collection of Japanese Prints, Rijksmuseum, Part III).'' Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.


Specific works of art

For readers who want more information on specific works of art by Hokusai, these particular works are recommended. * Hillier, Jack, and Dickens, F.W. (1960). ''Fugaku Hiyaku-kei (One Hundred Views of Fuji by Hokusai)''. Frederick, New York. * Kondo, Ichitaro (1966). Trans. Terry, Charles S. ''The Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji by Hokusai''. East-West Center, Honolulu. * Michener, James A. (1958). ''The Hokusai Sketch-Books: Selections from the 'Manga''. Charles E. Tuttle, Rutland. * Morse, Peter (1989). ''Hokusai: One Hundred Poets''. George Braziller, New York. . * Narazaki, Muneshige (1968). Trans. Bester, John. ''Masterworks of Ukiyo-E: Hokusai – The Thirty-Six Views of Mt. Fuji''. Kodansha, Tokyo.


Art monographs

Monographs dedicated to Hokusai art works: * Goncourt, Edmond de (2014). ''Essential Hokusai.'' Bournemouth, Parkstone International. . * Goncourt, Edmond de (2014). ''Hokusai Mega Square.'' Bournemouth, Parkstone International. .


External links


The Hokusai-kan Museum (Obuse, Japan)

Hokusai website
*


Prints


Hokusai complete works

Ukiyo-e Prints by Katsushika Hokusai

Hokusai prints at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Hokusai's works at Tokyo Digital Museum

Hokusai's works at the University of Michigan Museum of Art


Biographies


Biography of Katsushika Hokusai, British Museum
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hokusai 1760 births 1849 deaths 18th-century Japanese painters 19th-century Japanese painters Artists from Tokyo Botanical illustrators Buddhist artists Color engravers Japanese engravers Japanese wood engravers Japanese illustrators Japanese landscape painters Japanese portrait painters Katsukawa school Shunga by artist