This list of ancient

Germanic people The Germanic peoples were historical groups of people that once occupied Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages. Since the 19th century, they have traditionally been defined by the use of ancient and ear ...

s is an inventory of ancient Germanic cultures, tribal groupings and other alliances of Germanic tribes and civilisations in ancient times. The information comes from various ancient historical documents, beginning in the 2nd century BC and extending into

late antiquity Late antiquity is the time of transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages, generally spanning the 3rd–7th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin. The popularization of this periodization in English ha ...

. By the

Early Middle Ages The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th or early 6th century to the 10th century. They marked the start of the Mi ...

, early forms of kingship began to have a historical impact across Europe, with the exception of Northern Europe, where the

Vendel Period In Swedish prehistory, the Vendel Period ( sv, Vendeltiden; 540–790 AD) appears between the Migration Period and the Viking Age. The name is taken from the rich boat inhumation cemetery at Vendel parish church, Uppland. This is a period wi ...

from AD 550 to 800 and the subsequent

Viking Age The Viking Age () was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe and reached North America. It followed the Migration Period and the Germ ...

until AD 1050 are still seen in the Germanic context. The associations and locations of the numerous peoples and groups in ancient sources are often subject to heavy uncertainty and speculation, and classifications of ethnicity regarding a common culture or a temporary alliance of heterogeneous groups are disputed. Sometimes, it is uncertain that the groups are Germanic in the broader linguistic sense or, in other words, they consisted of speakers of a

Germanic language The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa. The most widely spoken Germanic language, E ...

. In that respect, the names listed here are not terms for ethnic groups in any modern sense but the names of groups that were perceived in ancient and late antiquity as Germanic. It is essentially an inventory of peoples, groups, alliances and associations stretching from the Barbaricum region east of the

Rhine ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , so ...

to the north of the

Danube The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , p ...

(also known as Germania), especially those that arrived during the Migration Period.

In alphabetical order

The present list is largely based on the list of Germanic tribal names and its spelling variants contained in the first register of the '' Reallexikons der Germanischen Altertumskunde''. The first column contains the English name and its variants, if one is common, otherwise the traditional ancient name. The second column contains ancient names of Latin and Greek authors, the latter both in transcription and in Greek. The third column gives a brief description followed by a location. The fifth column gives important sources of tradition for the group in question. The few ancient main sources for names and location of Germanic tribes are not linked. These are: *

Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, ...

: ''

Commentarii de Bello Gallico ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' (; en, Commentaries on the Gallic War, italic=yes), also ''Bellum Gallicum'' ( en, Gallic War, italic=yes), is Julius Caesar's firsthand account of the Gallic Wars, written as a third-person narrative. In it C ...

'' *

Jordanes Jordanes (), also written as Jordanis or Jornandes, was a 6th-century Eastern Roman bureaucrat widely believed to be of Gothic descent who became a historian later in life. Late in life he wrote two works, one on Roman history ('' Romana'') a ...

: ''De origine actibusque Getarum'', short ''

Getica ''De origine actibusque Getarum'' (''The Origin and Deeds of the Getae oths'), commonly abbreviated ''Getica'', written in Late Latin by Jordanes in or shortly after 551 AD, claims to be a summary of a voluminous account by Cassiodorus of the o ...

'' *

Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy (; grc-gre, Πτολεμαῖος, ; la, Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was a mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist, who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were of importance ...

: ''

Geography Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, an ...

'' *

Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars. The surviving portions of his two major works—the ...

: '' Germania''

Ancestors

Proto-Indo-Europeans The Proto-Indo-Europeans are a hypothetical prehistoric population of Eurasia who spoke Proto-Indo-European (PIE), the ancestor of the Indo-European languages according to linguistic reconstruction. Knowledge of them comes chiefly from ...

(

Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo- ...

speakers) ** Proto-Germanics (

Proto-Germanic Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. Proto-Germanic eventually developed from pre-Proto-Germanic into three Germanic bran ...

speakers)

Possible ethnolinguistic kinship

East Germanic peoples ( Vandilians)

* Avarpi * Burgundians /

Burgundiones The Burgundians ( la, Burgundes, Burgundiōnes, Burgundī; on, Burgundar; ang, Burgendas; grc-gre, Βούργουνδοι) were an early Germanic tribe or group of tribes. They appeared in the middle Rhine region, near the Roman Empire, and ...

Burgundes The Burgundians ( la, Burgundes, Burgundiōnes, Burgundī; on, Burgundar; ang, Burgendas; grc-gre, Βούργουνδοι) were an early Germanic tribe or group of tribes. They appeared in the middle Rhine region, near the Roman Empire, and ...

/ Burgodiones ( Frugundiones? may have been a variant of

with the "B" as an "F" Furgundiones > Frugundiones) ( Urugundes? may have been a variant of

without the initial "B" (B)urugundes > Urugundes, i.e. the Burgundians) (at the time of the Migration Period and Decline of the Roman Empire, they founded the

Burgundian Kingdom The Kingdom of the Burgundians or First Kingdom of Burgundy was established by Germanic Burgundians in the Rhineland and then in eastern Gaul in the 5th century. History Background The Burgundians, a Germanic tribe, may have migrated from the ...

) ( Burgundians or part of them may have dwelt in Bornholm island for a time - old name of the island was ''Borgundarholm'') (they were assimilated by the

Gallo-Roman Gallo-Roman culture was a consequence of the Romanization of Gauls under the rule of the Roman Empire. It was characterized by the Gaulish adoption or adaptation of Roman culture, language, morals and way of life in a uniquely Gaulish context ...

majority, however their ethnonym was the origin for the name of the region Burgundy - '' Bourgogne''): Nibelungs (

Old German Old High German (OHG; german: Althochdeutsch (Ahd.)) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally covering the period from around 750 to 1050. There is no standardised or supra-regional form of German at this period, and Old High ...

) /

Niflung The term Nibelung (German) or Niflungr (Old Norse) is a personal or clan name with several competing and contradictory uses in Germanic heroic legend. It has an unclear etymology, but is often connected to the root ''nebel'', meaning mist. The te ...

(

Old Norse Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian, is a stage of development of North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlemen ...

), clan that was the Burgundian royal house known as Gibichungs (

) or Gjúkings (

) *

Goths The Goths ( got, 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰, translit=''Gutþiuda''; la, Gothi, grc-gre, Γότθοι, Gótthoi) were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe ...

Gothones The Gutones (also spelled Guthones, Gotones etc) were a Germanic people who were reported by Roman era writers in the 1st and 2nd centuries to have lived in what is now Poland. The most accurate description of their location, by the geographer Pto ...

Gutones The Gutones (also spelled Guthones, Gotones etc) were a Germanic people who were reported by Roman era writers in the 1st and 2nd centuries to have lived in what is now Poland. The most accurate description of their location, by the geographer Ptol ...

/ Gautae / Geats **

Gepids The Gepids, ( la, Gepidae, Gipedae, grc, Γήπαιδες) were an East Germanic tribe who lived in the area of modern Romania, Hungary and Serbia, roughly between the Tisza, Sava and Carpathian Mountains. They were said to share the religion ...

/ Hreidgoths *** Gothi Minores ***

Greuthungi The Greuthungi (also spelled Greutungi) were a Gothic people who lived on the Pontic steppe between the Dniester and Don rivers in what is now Ukraine, in the 3rd and the 4th centuries. They had close contacts with the Tervingi, another Gothic ...

(direct ancestors or an older name of the

Ostrogoths The Ostrogoths ( la, Ostrogothi, Austrogothi) were a Roman-era Germanic people. In the 5th century, they followed the Visigoths in creating one of the two great Gothic kingdoms within the Roman Empire, based upon the large Gothic populations who ...

) ****

/ Hreiðgoths (at the time of the Migration Period and Decline of the Roman Empire, they founded the

Ostrogothic Kingdom The Ostrogothic Kingdom, officially the Kingdom of Italy (), existed under the control of the Germanic Ostrogoths in Italy and neighbouring areas from 493 to 553. In Italy, the Ostrogoths led by Theodoric the Great killed and replaced Odoacer, ...

in Pannonia, northern Illyria and

Italia Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the Italy (geographical region) ...

) (they were assimilated by the Italo-Roman majority) *****

Crimean Goths The Crimean Goths were Greuthungi-Gothic tribes who remained in the lands around the Black Sea, especially in Crimea. They were the longest-lasting of the Gothic communities. Their existence is well attested through the ages, though the exact p ...

(existed as a people until 16th and 17th centuries in southern Crimea Peninsula or

Taurida The recorded history of the Crimean Peninsula, historically known as ''Tauris'', ''Taurica'' ( gr, Ταυρική or Ταυρικά), and the ''Tauric Chersonese'' ( gr, Χερσόνησος Ταυρική, "Tauric Peninsula"), begins around the ...

Peninsula) (they were later assimilated by

Crimea Germans The Crimea Germans (german: Krimdeutsche) were ethnic German settlers who were invited to settle in the Crimea as part of the East Colonization. History From 1783 onwards, there was a systematic settlement of Russians, Ukrainians, and Germans to ...

Black Sea Germans The Black Sea Germans (german: Schwarzmeerdeutsche; russian: черноморские немцы; uk, чорноморські німці) are ethnic Germans who left their homelands (starting in the late-18th century, but mainly in the e ...

, Crimean Greeks and

Crimean Tatars , flag = Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg , flag_caption = Flag of Crimean Tatars , image = Love, Peace, Traditions.jpg , caption = Crimean Tatars in traditional clothing in front of the Khan's Palace ...

) ***

Thervingi The Thervingi, Tervingi, or Teruingi (sometimes pluralised Tervings or Thervings) were a Gothic people of the plains north of the Lower Danube and west of the Dniester River in the 3rd and the 4th centuries. They had close contacts with the G ...

(direct ancestors or an older name of the

Visigoths The Visigoths (; la, Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi) were an early Germanic people who, along with the Ostrogoths, constituted the two major political entities of the Goths within the Roman Empire in late antiquity, or what is ...

) ****

(at the time of the Migration Period and Decline of the Roman Empire, they founded the

Visigothic Kingdom The Visigothic Kingdom, officially the Kingdom of the Goths ( la, Regnum Gothorum), was a kingdom that occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries. One of the Germanic successor states to ...

in Southern

Gaul Gaul ( la, Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy (only during ...

and

Hispania Hispania ( la, Hispānia , ; nearly identically pronounced in Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, and Italian) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hisp ...

) (they were assimilated by the Hispano-Roman majority) *

Herules The Heruli (or Herules) were an early Germanic people. Possibly originating in Scandinavia, the Heruli are first mentioned by Roman authors as one of several "Scythian" groups raiding Roman provinces in the Balkans and the Aegean Sea, attacking ...

, East Germanic (East Germanic

) **East

**West

Lemovii The Lemovii were a Germanic tribe, only once named by Tacitus in the late 1st century. He noted that they lived near the Rugii and Goths and that they had short swords and round shields.The Works of Tacitus: The Oxford Translation, Revised, With ...

(= Turcilingi?) (also probably identical with

Widsith "Widsith" ( ang, Wīdsīþ, "far-traveller", lit. "wide-journey"), also known as "The Traveller's Song", is an Old English poem of 143 lines. It survives only in the ''Exeter Book'', a manuscript of Old English poetry compiled in the late-10th c ...

's Glommas, Glomma or Glomman was the singular form) * Lugians ( Longiones?) (=

Vandals The Vandals were a Germanic people who first inhabited what is now southern Poland. They established Vandal kingdoms on the Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean islands, and North Africa in the fifth century. The Vandals migrated to the area betw ...

?) ** Buri ( Lugi Buri) (part of the Buri accompanied the Suebi in their invasion of

, the

Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, def ...

, and established themselves in a mountainous area of modern

northern Portugal The North Region ( pt, Região do Norte ) or Northern Portugal is the most populous region in Portugal, ahead of Lisbon Region, Lisbon, and the third most extensive by area. The region has 3,576,205 inhabitants according to the 2017 census, and its ...

in the 5th century. They settled in the region between the rivers Cávado and Homem, in the area known as

Terras de Bouro Terras de Bouro () is a municipality in the district of Braga in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 7,253, in an area of 277.46 km². It is bordered to the north by Ponte da Barca and Spain, to the east by Montalegre, to the south by Vieira ...

(Lands of the Buri) - ''Bouros'' = '' Buri'' - ''

Buros Buros (; oc, Buròs) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in la nouvelle Aquitaine southwestern France. See also Masonpro9 *Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department The following is a list of the 546 communes of ...

'' in the masculine

accusative The accusative case (abbreviated ) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. In the English language, the only words that occur in the accusative case are pronouns: 'me,' 'him,' 'her,' 'us,' and ‘th ...

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

declension In linguistics, declension (verb: ''to decline'') is the changing of the form of a word, generally to express its syntactic function in the sentence, by way of some inflection. Declensions may apply to nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and ...

) **

Diduni The Diduni or Dunii were a Germanic tribe mentioned only by the 2nd century geographer Claudius Ptolemy. They apparently dwelt near the Asciburgius mountains which correspond to the north central parts of Sudetes in western-southern Poland. Ac ...

( Lugi Diduni) / Dunii / Duni (Δοῦνοι - Doūnoi was the Greek variant of the Latin name) **

Harii The Harii (West Germanic "warriors"Simek (2007:132).) were, according to 1st century CE Roman historian Tacitus, a Germanic people. In his work ''Germania'', Tacitus describes them as using black shields and painting their bodies ("nigra scuta, tinc ...

** Helisii / Elysii / Helusii / Hellusii ** Manimi /

Omani Oman ( ; ar, عُمَان ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman ( ar, سلْطنةُ عُمان ), is an Arabian country located in southwestern Asia. It is situated on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and spans the mouth of t ...

? / Omanii? (

Lugi Omani The Lugi were a people of ancient Britain, known only from a single mention of them by the geographer Ptolemy c. 150. from his general description and the approximate locations of their neighbors their territory was along the western coast of the ...

?) (the

may have been the same as the Manimi) **

Marsigni This list of ancient Germanic peoples is an inventory of ancient Germanic cultures, tribal groupings and other alliances of Germanic tribes and civilisations in ancient times. The information comes from various ancient historical documents, beginn ...

/ Vandilii (at the time of the Migration Period and Decline of the Roman Empire, they migrated towards West allied with a

Sarmatian The Sarmatians (; grc, Σαρμαται, Sarmatai; Latin: ) were a large confederation of ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic peoples of classical antiquity who dominated the Pontic steppe from about the 3rd century BC to the 4th cen ...

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

people, the

Alans The Alans (Latin: ''Alani'') were an ancient and medieval Iranian nomadic pastoral people of the North Caucasus – generally regarded as part of the Sarmatians, and possibly related to the Massagetae. Modern historians have connected the A ...

, and founded the Vandalic Kingdom first in the Southern and Western regions of

, the

Hasdingi The Hasdingi were one of the Vandal peoples of the Roman era. The Vandals were Germanic peoples, who are believed to have spoken an East Germanic language, and were first reported during the first centuries of the Roman empire in the area which is ...

Vandals, settled in

Gallaecia Gallaecia, also known as Hispania Gallaecia, was the name of a Roman province in the north-west of Hispania, approximately present-day Galicia (Spain), Galicia, Norte, Portugal, northern Portugal, Asturias and León (province), Leon and the lat ...

, the

Silingi The Silings or Silingi ( la, Silingae; grc, Σιλίγγαι – ) were a Germanic tribe, part of the larger Vandal group. The Silingi at one point lived in Silesia, and the names ''Silesia'' and ''Silingi'' may be related.Jerzy Strzelczyk, "Wan ...

vandals settled in

Baetica Hispania Baetica, often abbreviated Baetica, was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula). Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania, and to the northeast by Hispania Tarraconensis. Baetica remained one of the basi ...

, roughly today's

Andalusia Andalusia (, ; es, Andalucía ) is the southernmost autonomous community in Peninsular Spain. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomous community in the country. It is officially recognised as a "historical nationality". The t ...

; sometime after many left

, and migrated to

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...

) (they were assimilated by the Hispano-Roman majority in

, however their ethnonym was the origin for the name of the region

- (V)andalusia and for the

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...

name of

and the

Al-Andalus Al-Andalus translit. ; an, al-Andalus; ast, al-Ándalus; eu, al-Andalus; ber, ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, label= Berber, translit=Andalus; ca, al-Àndalus; gl, al-Andalus; oc, Al Andalús; pt, al-Ândalus; es, al-Ándalus () was the M ...

) (they were assimilated by the Berber majority and African-Romans in

, including the

Moors The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. Moors are not a distinct or ...

, in the narrow sense, the descendants of the

Mauri Mauri (from which derives the English term "Moors") was the Latin designation for the Berber population of Mauretania, located in the part of North Africa west of Numidia, in present-day northern Morocco and northwestern Algeria. Name ''Mauri'' ...

) ***

Asdingi The Hasdingi were one of the Vandal peoples of the Roman era. The Vandals were Germanic peoples, who are believed to have spoken an East Germanic language, and were first reported during the first centuries of the Roman empire in the area which is ...

Astingi The Hasdingi were one of the Vandal peoples of the Roman era. The Vandals were Germanic peoples, who are believed to have spoken an East Germanic language, and were first reported during the first centuries of the Roman empire in the area which is ...

( Haddingjar?) *** Helvecones /

Helveconae The Helveconae, or Helvaeonae, or Helvecones, or Aelvaeones, or Ailouaiones were a Germanic tribe mentioned by Roman authors. They are possibly connected to the Hilleviones of Naturalis Historia by Pliny the Elder. The Helveconae as such (manuscri ...

/ Aelvaeones / Elouaiones (possibly the Ilwan and

Eolas Eolas (, meaning "Knowledge"; bacronym: "Embedded Objects Linked Across Systems") is a United States technology firm formed as a spin-off from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), in order to commercialize UCSF's patents for work d ...

; ''Eolas'' was the nominative plural and ''Eolum'' the dative plural) *** Lacringes /

Lacringi The Lacringi were an ancient Germanic tribe who participated in the Marcomannic Wars during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius. After the tribes' initial crossing of the Danube was pushed back, their Vandal allies, the Astingi staged another i ...

***

Nahanarvali The Nahanarvali, also known as the Nahavali, Naha-Narvali, and Nahanavali, were a Germanic tribe mentioned by the Roman scholar Tacitus in his ''Germania''. According to Tacitus, the Nahanarvali were one of the five most powerful tribes of the Lugi ...

***

(same as the

?) (at one point they lived in

Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...

, and the name of this region could be derived from their ethnonym as well as, although indirectly,

- (V)andal-usia, where

Vandals initially settled in

) ***

Victohali The Victohali were a people of Late Antiquity who lived north of the Lower Danube. In Greek their name is ''Biktoa'' or ''Biktoloi''. They were possibly a Germanic people, and it has been suggested that they were one of the tribes of the Vandals. T ...

/ Victuali / Victabali * Rugi /

Rugii The Rugii, Rogi or Rugians ( grc, Ρογοί, Rogoi), were a Roman-era Germanic people. They were first clearly recorded by Tacitus, in his '' Germania'' who called them the ''Rugii'', and located them near the south shore of the Baltic Sea. So ...

/ / Ulmerugi / Variant

name for the

Rugians The Rugii, Rogi or Rugians ( grc, Ρογοί, Rogoi), were a Roman-era Germanic people. They were first clearly recorded by Tacitus, in his ''Germania'' who called them the ''Rugii'', and located them near the south shore of the Baltic Sea. Some ...

: Rugiclei? /

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

names and variants for the

: Rougíklioi / Routiklioi * Sciri ** Angisciri * Sulones (may have been the same as the

) * Turcilingi / Torcolingi (may have been ancestors of part of the

Thuringians The Thuringii, Toringi or Teuriochaimai, were an early Germanic people that appeared during the late Migration Period in the Harz Mountains of central Germania, a region still known today as Thuringia. It became a kingdom, which came into confl ...

) * Vidivarii * Visburgi / Visburgii

North Germanic peoples (
Norsemen The Norsemen (or Norse people) were a North Germanic ethnolinguistic group of the Early Middle Ages, during which they spoke the Old Norse language. The language belongs to the North Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages and is the pr ...
)

*East North Germanic (East Scandinavians) ** Ahelmil **

Aviones The Aviones or Auiones (*''Awioniz'' meaning "island people") were one of the Nerthus-worshipping Germanic tribes of the 1st century mentioned by Tacitus in '' Germania'', and they lived either in the southern Jutland Peninsula, or on Öland. They ...

/ Chaibones / Eowan (more probably they lived in

Öland Öland (, ; ; sometimes written ''Øland'' in other Scandinavian languages, and often ''Oland'' internationally; la, Oelandia) is the second-largest Swedish island and the smallest of the traditional provinces of Sweden. Öland has an area ...

island, southeastern Sweden, and not in

Jutland Jutland ( da, Jylland ; german: Jütland ; ang, Ēota land ), known anciently as the Cimbric or Cimbrian Peninsula ( la, Cimbricus Chersonesus; da, den Kimbriske Halvø, links=no or ; german: Kimbrische Halbinsel, links=no), is a peninsula of ...

Peninsula) ** Bergio ** Brondingas / Brondingar (

Brondings The Brondings were a Germanic tribe. They and Breca the Bronding are mentioned in ''Beowulf'' (Th. 1047; B. 521.), as Beowulf's childhood friend, and in ''Widsith'' (Scóp Th. 51; Wíd. 25.), where Breca is the lord of the Brondings. They were pro ...

) (East North Germanic tribe that lived in the island of

Brännö Brännö is an island in the Southern Göteborg Archipelago and a locality situated in Göteborg Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 708 inhabitants in 2010 and belongs to the parish of Styrsö within Gothenburg Municipality. ...

, west of Gothenburg in the

Kattegatt The Kattegat (; sv, Kattegatt ) is a sea area bounded by the Jutlandic peninsula in the west, the Danish Straits islands of Denmark and the Baltic Sea to the south and the provinces of Bohuslän, Västergötland, Halland and Skåne in Sweden i ...

) ** Danes (Germanic tribe): Scyldingas ( Skjöldungar) clan ** Dauciones ** Eunixi ** Evagreotingis / Evagres **

Favonae Favonae is a Latinization of Greek Phauonai, the name of a Germanic people in Ptolemy’s ''Geography'' (2.10) located in eastern Scandinavia. They are not found elsewhere in classical sources. Moreover, Ptolemy’s view of the north is so distorted ...

** Fervir (in Fyæræ) ** Finnaithae (old name for Finnveden, the name derives from an old Germanic word for hunters - ''finn'', they were not necessarily Finnic or Saami) (they lived in Finnveden, Western Småland) **

Firaesi The Firaesi (Latinization) or Phiraisoi (original Greek) are a people listed in Ptolemy's ''Geography'' (2.10). Ptolemy’s view of the region is not very precise, but he places them on the east side of what he believed to be an island, Scandia. ...

/ Phiraisoi ** Gevlegas / Gevlegar ( Gefflegas / Gevlegs) (East North Germanic tribe that dwelt in today's Gävleborg County) **

, Scandinavian ( Scandinavian Goths) *** Geats /

Gautigoths Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

, Scandinavian ( Scandinavian Gautigoths) / Gautae *** Ostrogothae, Scandinavian (Scandinavian Ostrogoths): '' Wulfings'' / ''

Ylfings The Wulfings, Wylfings or YlfingsWord initial ''w'' was lost before rounded vowels in Proto-Norse, e.g. ''wulf'' corresponds to ''ulf'', and ''Wulfing''/''Wylfing'' corresponds to ''Ylfing'', because the ''i'' in the second syllable causes an umla ...

'' clan ***

Gutes The Gutes (old west norse ''Gotar'', old gutnish ''Gutar'') were a North Germanic tribe inhabiting the island of Gotland. The ethnonym is related to that of the ''Goths'' (''Gutans''), and both names were originally Proto-Germanic *''Gutaniz'' ...

/ Gotlanders / Vagoths / Valagoths **

Hallin Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

Hilleviones The Hilleviones were a Germanic people occupying an island called ''Scatinavia'' in the 1st century AD, according to the Roman geographer Pliny the Elder in ''Naturalis Historia'' (Book 4, Chapter 13 resp. 27), written circa 77 AD. Pliny's Scatin ...

? (possibly they lived in

Halland Halland () is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden (''landskap''), on the western coast of Götaland, southern Sweden. It borders Västergötland, Småland, Scania and the sea of Kattegat. Until 1645 and the Second Treaty of Brömseb ...

and were the same as the tribe called

) ** Hälsingas / Hälsingar ( Hälsings) (East North Germanic tribe that lived in

Hälsingland Hälsingland (), sometimes referred to as Helsingia in English, is a historical province or ''landskap'' in central Sweden. It borders Gästrikland, Dalarna, Härjedalen, Medelpad and the Gulf of Bothnia. It is part of the land of Norrland. ...

) **

, Scandinavian (Scandinavian

/ Erules) ** Hocings (tribe or clan of Hnæf, son of ''Hoc Healfdene'' - Hoc, the Half Dane, mentioned by

, may have been the same chieftain known as

Haki Haki, Hake ( Old Norse: ) or Haco, the brother of Hagbard, was a famous Scandinavian sea-king, in Norse mythology. He is mentioned in the 12th century '' Gesta Danorum'', and in 13th-century sources including '' Ynglinga saga'', ''Nafnaþulur' ...

by the

Norsemen The Norsemen (or Norse people) were a North Germanic ethnolinguistic group of the Early Middle Ages, during which they spoke the Old Norse language. The language belongs to the North Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages and is the pr ...

, mentioned in the

Ynglinga Saga ''Ynglinga saga'' ( ) is a Kings' saga, originally written in Old Norse by the Icelandic poet and historian Snorri Sturluson about 1225. It is the first section of his ''Heimskringla''. It was first translated into English and published in 184 ...

) ** Levoni / Levonii ** Liothida **Mixi ** Njars ** Otingis **

Sitones The Sitones were a Germanic people living somewhere in Northern Europe in the first century CE. They are mentioned only by Cornelius Tacitus in 97 CE in Germania. Tacitus considered them similar to Suiones (ancestors of modern Swedes) apart from ...

** Suðrmenn (in

Södermanland Södermanland ( or ), locally Sörmland, sometimes referred to under its Latin form ''Sudermannia'' or ''Sudermania'', is a historical province or ''landskap'' on the south eastern coast of Sweden. It borders Östergötland, Närke, Västman ...

) **

Suiones The Swedes ( sv, svear; Old Norse: ''svíar'') (probably from the PIE reflexive pronominal root * s(w)e, "one's own ribesmen/kinsmen;Bandle, Oskar. 2002. The Nordic languages: an international handbook of the history of the North Germanic lang ...

/ Sviones / Suehans / Suetidi / Suetides (ancient Swedes) ( Svíar):

Wægmunding The Wægmundings were a prominent probably Swedish clan (an ''ätt'', see Norse clans) in '' Beowulf''. A name such as ''Wægmunding'' meant "belongs to Wægmund", i.e. they were the descendants of a man named Wægmund. This was the normal way of ...

clan;

Ynglings The Ynglings were a dynasty of kings, first in Sweden and later in Norway, primarily attested through the poem ''Ynglingatal''. The dynasty also appears as Scylfings (Old Norse ''Skilfingar'') in ''Beowulf''. When ''Beowulf'' and ''Ynglingatal'' ...

/ Scylfings clan ( Scylfingas / ''Skilfingar'') *** Västermännen (in

Västmanland Västmanland ( or ), is a historical Swedish province, or ''landskap'', in middle Sweden. It borders Södermanland, Närke, Värmland, Dalarna and Uppland. Västmanland means "(The) Land of the Western Men", where the "western men" (''väst ...

) ( Svionic tribe that lived to the west of

Uppland Uppland () is a historical province or ' on the eastern coast of Sweden, just north of Stockholm, the capital. It borders Södermanland, Västmanland and Gästrikland. It is also bounded by lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea. On the small uninhab ...

) (not to be confused with the Vestmenn -

word for the

Gaels The Gaels ( ; ga, Na Gaeil ; gd, Na Gàidheil ; gv, Ny Gaeil ) are an ethnolinguistic group native to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man in the British Isles. They are associated with the Gaelic languages: a branch of the Celtic langu ...

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

and

Britain Britain most often refers to: * The United Kingdom, a sovereign state in Europe comprising the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands * Great Britain, the largest island in the United King ...

) ** Virdar (in Småland) ** Theustes ** Vinili / Winnili /

Vinoviloth Vinoviloth are one of the tribes in ''Scandza'' (Scandinavia) mentioned by Jordanes in '' De origine actibusque Getarum'' in the 6th century CE.Lombards The Lombards () or Langobards ( la, Langobardi) were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774. The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the '' History of the Lombards'' (written between 787 an ...

Longobards The Lombards () or Langobards ( la, Langobardi) were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774. The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the ''History of the Lombards'' (written between 787 and ...

Langobards The Lombards () or Langobards ( la, Langobardi) were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774. The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the ''History of the Lombards'' (written between 787 and ...

): Hundingas / Hundings clan? **

Normans The Normans ( Norman: ''Normaunds''; french: Normands; la, Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and indigenous West Franks and Gallo-Romans. ...

- they were formed by the merger and assimilation of a

North Germanic The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages—a sub-family of the Indo-European languages—along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages. The language group is also r ...

minority (that mainly came from

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , establish ...

- East North Germanics, but also

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the ...

, and

Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...

- West North Germanics) and

Frankish Frankish may refer to: * Franks, a Germanic tribe and their culture ** Frankish language or its modern descendants, Franconian languages * Francia, a post-Roman state in France and Germany * East Francia, the successor state to Francia in Germany ...

(

West Germanic The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of languages (the others being the North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages). The West Germanic branch is classically subdivided into ...

) minority with a

majority,

ethnogenesis Ethnogenesis (; ) is "the formation and development of an ethnic group". This can originate by group self-identification or by outside identification. The term ''ethnogenesis'' was originally a mid-19th century neologism that was later introd ...

of the native people inhabiting

Normandy Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern ...

, in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

*West North Germanic (West Scandinavians) ** Adogit / Halogit / Háleygir (they lived in

Hålogaland Hålogaland was the northernmost of the Norwegian provinces in the medieval Norse sagas. In the early Viking Age, before Harald Fairhair, Hålogaland was a kingdom extending between the Namdalen valley in Trøndelag county and the Lyngen fjord ...

) (northernmost Germanic tribe) ** Aprochi ** Arothi ("

Arochi The Charudes or Harudes were a Germanic group first mentioned by Julius Caesar as one of the tribes who had followed Ariovistus across the Rhine. While Tacitus' ''Germania'' makes no mention of them, Ptolemy's ''Geographia'' locates the Charudes ...

") ** Augandii / Augandzi ( Egðir) / Augandxii (in

Agder Agder is a county (''fylke'') and traditional region in the southern part of Norway. The county was established on 1 January 2020, when the old Vest-Agder and Aust-Agder counties were merged. Since the early 1900s, the term Sørlandet ("south ...

, southern

) **

Chaedini The Chaedini (Latinized form) or Chaideinoi or Khaideinoi (Greek forms) were a Germanic people that are listed only in the Geography of Ptolemy. He locates them in the west of a large island, Scandia, off the mouth of the Vistula river. Most scholar ...

/ Chaedenoi (possibly in

Hedemark Hedmark () was a county in Norway before 1 January 2020, bordering Trøndelag to the north, Oppland to the west, Akershus to the south, and Sweden to the east. The county administration is in Hamar. Hedmark and Oppland counties were merged i ...

Hedmark Hedmark () was a county in Norway before 1 January 2020, bordering Trøndelag to the north, Oppland to the west, Akershus to the south, and Sweden to the east. The county administration is in Hamar. Hedmark and Oppland counties were merged int ...

) ** Doelir (possibly a tribe that lived inland, in the valleys of

Dalen, Telemark Dalen is the administrative centre of Tokke municipality, Norway. Its population ( SSB 2005) is 801. Dalen is located on and around the delta where the river Tokke flows into the west end of the lake Bandak. Dalen is the westernmost endpoint of ...

Tokke Tokke is a municipality in Telemark in the county of Vestfold og Telemark in Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Vest-Telemark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Dalen. The municipality of Tokke was c ...

Telemark Telemark is a traditional region, a former county, and a current electoral district in southern Norway. In 2020, Telemark merged with the former county of Vestfold to form the county of Vestfold og Telemark. Telemark borders the traditional ...

, many of the counties were based on older tribal lands or territories) ** Filir / Fjalir ** Firdir (tribe that lived in today's

Sogn og Fjordane Sogn og Fjordane (; English: "Sogn and Fjordane") was, up to 1 January 2020, a county in western Norway, when it was merged to become part of Vestland county. Bordering previous counties Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, Buskerud, and Hordaland, the cou ...

county, ''Firdafylke'' was one of two historic counties, many of the counties were based on older tribal lands or territories) ** Granni / Grenir ** Haðar ** Háleygir ** Heinir / Heiðnir (Chaideinoi / Haednas) (in

) ** Horðar (in

Hordaland Hordaland () was a county in Norway, bordering Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Telemark, and Rogaland counties. Hordaland was the third largest county, after Akershus and Oslo, by population. The county government was the Hordaland County Munici ...

, known before as ''Hordafylke'', many of the counties were based on older tribal lands or territories) (not originating from the

Charudes The Charudes or Harudes were a Germanic group first mentioned by Julius Caesar as one of the tribes who had followed Ariovistus across the Rhine. While Tacitus' ''Germania'' makes no mention of them, Ptolemy's ''Geographia'' locates the Charu ...

Harudes The Charudes or Harudes were a Germanic group first mentioned by Julius Caesar as one of the tribes who had followed Ariovistus across the Rhine. While Tacitus' ''Germania'' makes no mention of them, Ptolemy's ''Geographia'' locates the Charudes ...

) ** Hringar (name means "rings", from ''hring'' - "ring") ** Lidingar / Lidingas ** Jamtr / Jamtar ** Ragnaricii / Aeragnaricii ** Rani / Ranii / Renir ** Raumarici / Raumariciae / Raumar ( Heatho-Reams of

) (they lived in today's

Romerike Romerike is a traditional district located north-east of Oslo, in what is today south-eastern Norway. It consists of the Viken municipalities Lillestrøm, Lørenskog, Nittedal, Rælingen and Aurskog-Høland in the southern end (Nedre Romerike) ...

) ** Rugi, Scandinavian ( Scandinavian Rugi) /

Rygir The Rugii, Rogi or Rugians ( grc, Ρογοί, Rogoi), were a Roman-era Germanic people. They were first clearly recorded by Tacitus, in his '' Germania'' who called them the ''Rugii'', and located them near the south shore of the Baltic Sea. So ...

( Holmrygir of

) **

Taetel Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

** Throwenas / Throwenar ( Throwens of

) (West North Germanic tribe that possibly dwelt in

Trøndelag Trøndelag (; sma, Trööndelage) is a county in the central part of Norway. It was created in 1687, then named Trondhjem County ( no, Trondhjems Amt); in 1804 the county was split into Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag by the King of Denma ...

) ** Wrosnas (mentioned by

as a tribe ruled by Holen, possibly from Holen) ** Old Faroese / Old Faroe Islanders (formed by the merger of several West North Germanic tribes with the addition of Celtic

that settled in the

Faroe islands The Faroe Islands ( ), or simply the Faroes ( fo, Føroyar ; da, Færøerne ), are a North Atlantic island group and an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark. They are located north-northwest of Scotland, and about halfway bet ...

) ** Old Icelanders (formed by the merger of several West North Germanic tribes with the addition of Celtic

that settled in

) (they were organized in clans in the

Icelandic Commonwealth The Icelandic Commonwealth, also known as the Icelandic Free State, was the political unit existing in Iceland between the establishment of the Althing in 930 and the pledge of fealty to the Norwegian king with the Old Covenant in 1262. With ...

- Icelandic clans: Ásbirningar; Haukdælir;

Oddaverjar The Oddaverjar (Old Norse: ; Modern Icelandic: ) were a powerful family clan in the medieval Icelandic Commonwealth. They were based in Oddi at in South Iceland. Their ascendancy was during the second half of the 12th century, but their power subs ...

;

Sturlungar The Sturlungs ( Icelandic: ) were a powerful family clan in 13th century Iceland, in the time of the Icelandic Commonwealth. Their story is partly told in ''Sturlunga saga'', and members of the clan were significant participants in the civil war ...

; Svínfellingar; Vatnsfirðingar) *** Greenland Norsemen (mainly descendants from Old Icelanders that settled in

Norse Greenland The Norse exploration of North America began in the late 10th century, when Norsemen explored areas of the North Atlantic colonizing Greenland and creating a short term settlement near the northern tip of Newfoundland. This is known now as L'Ans ...

) *

Vikings Vikings ; non, víkingr is the modern name given to seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded and ...

(in the Western Europe) /

Varangians The Varangians (; non, Væringjar; gkm, Βάραγγοι, ''Várangoi'';Varangian
" Online Etymo ...

(in the Eastern Europe) (generic word for warriors, marauders and traders of Scandinavian or Norse i.e.

origin that went to or returned from other lands regardless of the tribe, they were not a specific Norse tribe or a Norse ethnic group, their arising in History is called

) (they contributed to the formation of the Rus’ people and

Kievan Rus' Kievan Rusʹ, also known as Kyivan Rusʹ ( orv, , Rusĭ, or , , ; Old Norse: ''Garðaríki''), was a state in Eastern and Northern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Historical Atlas of ...

loose

federation A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government ( federalism). In a federation, the self-govern ...

that was ruled by the

Varangian The Varangians (; non, Væringjar; gkm, Βάραγγοι, ''Várangoi'';Varangian
" Online Etymo ...

Rurik dynasty The Rurik dynasty ( be, Ру́рыкавічы, Rúrykavichy; russian: Рю́риковичи, Ryúrikovichi, ; uk, Рю́риковичі, Riúrykovychi, ; literally "sons/scions of Rurik"), also known as the Rurikid dynasty or Rurikids, was ...

) / Ascomanni (name for the

Adam of Bremen Adam of Bremen ( la, Adamus Bremensis; german: Adam von Bremen) (before 1050 – 12 October 1081/1085) was a German medieval chronicler. He lived and worked in the second half of the eleventh century. Adam is most famous for his chronicle ''Gesta ...

)

West Germanic peoples

Ancient Germania - New York, Harper and Brothers 1849

Impero romano sotto Ottaviano Augusto 30aC - 6dC

Image:Tribal Hidage 2.svg, 400px, alt=insert description of map here, Map 15: The tribes of the

Tribal Hidage Image:Tribal Hidage 2.svg, 400px, alt=insert description of map here, The tribes of the Tribal Hidage. Where an appropriate article exists, it can be found by clicking on the name. rect 275 75 375 100 w:Elmet rect 375 100 450 150 w:Hatfield Ch ...

. Where an appropriate article exists, it can be found by clicking on the name. rect 275 75 375 100 w:Elmet rect 375 100 450 150 w:Hatfield Chase rect 425 150 525 175 w:Kingdom of Lindsey rect 200 170 300 195 w:Pecsaetan rect 250 250 425 275 w:Mercia rect 475 300 550 315 Spalding rect 460 300 550 375 North & South Gyrwa rect 75 315 200 340 w:Wreocensæte rect 350 350 425 375 w:Sweordora rect 40 375 125 400 w:Magonsæte rect 575 375 700 400 w:Kingdom of East Anglia rect 185 400 275 425 w:Arosæte rect 410 450 460 475 w:River Ivel rect 410 475 460 500 w:Hitchin rect 175 500 225 550 w:Hwicce rect 250 475 360 525 w:Charlbury rect 365 525 425 575 w:Cilternsæte rect 430 530 575 565 w:Kingdom of Essex rect 520 650 675 675 w:Kingdom of Kent rect 150 675 295 700 w:Wessex rect 400 725 550 750 w:Kingdom of Sussex rect 285 775 375 800 w:Isle of Wight Kingdom of Mercia

* Elbe Germanics (

Herminones The Irminones, also referred to as Herminones or Hermiones ( grc, Ἑρμίονες), were a large group of early Germanic tribes settling in the Elbe watershed and by the first century AD expanding into Bavaria, Swabia and Bohemia. Notably thi ...

Hermiones The Irminones, also referred to as Herminones or Hermiones ( grc, Ἑρμίονες), were a large group of early Germanic tribes settling in the Elbe watershed and by the first century AD expanding into Bavaria, Swabia and Bohemia. Notably this ...

/ Irminones) **

Baemi The Baemi or Baimoi (Ancient Greek Βαῖμοι), were a large Germanic people who are only known by their mention in Ptolemy's ''Geography''. He described them as living on the north side of the Danube, south of the Luna forest and iron mines, wit ...

Baenochaemae The 'Baenochaemae, Bainochaimai (Ancient Greek Βαινοχαῖμαι) were a Germanic people recorded only in the ''Geography'' of Claudius Ptolemy, who described them as living near the Elbe. The name is generally considered to be equivalent to ...

***

/ Baimoi ***

/ Banochaemae ** Bateinoi **

Calucones The Calucones were a Gallic or Rhaetian tribe dwelling around present-day Chur (eastern Switzerland) during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Calucones'' (var. ''Callucones'', ''Allucones'') by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''kaloúk ...

(ancient Germanic tribe, not to be confuse with the

, a Rhaetian tribe) **

Caritni The Caritni, a Latinization, or the Karitnoi in the Greek of Ptolemy's ''Geography'' (2.10), were a Germanic tribe mentioned by the Roman scholar Ptolemy generally in the region of west Bavaria. Little else is known about them. See also *List of G ...

Carini Carini ( la, Hyccara or Hyccarum, grc, Ὕκαρα and Ὕκαρον) is a city and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Palermo, Sicily, by rail west-northwest of Palermo. It has a population of 37,752. History Timaeus, in the thirteent ...

Chatti The Chatti (also Chatthi or Catti) were an ancient Germanic tribe whose homeland was near the upper Weser (''Visurgis''). They lived in central and northern Hesse and southern Lower Saxony, along the upper reaches of that river and in the va ...

Mattiaci The Mattiaci were by Tacitus recorded as an ancient Germanic tribe and related to the Chatti, their Germanic neighbors to the east. There is no clear definition of what the tribe's name meant. The ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography'' sugge ...

(originally they were an Elbe Germanic people later assimilated by the

Istvaeones The Istaevones (also spelled Istvaeones) were a Germanic group of tribes living near the banks of the Rhine during the Roman Empire which reportedly shared a common culture and origin. The Istaevones were contrasted to neighbouring groups, the In ...

or Wesser-Rhine peoples, it was by the merger of the

tribes with the

and related tribes that the

Franks The Franks ( la, Franci or ) were a group of Germanic peoples whose name was first mentioned in 3rd-century Roman sources, and associated with tribes between the Lower Rhine and the Ems River, on the edge of the Roman Empire.H. Schutz: Tools, ...

were formed) ***

/ Hatti (their ethnonym may have originated the name

Hesse Hesse (, , ) or Hessia (, ; german: Hessen ), officially the State of Hessen (german: links=no, Land Hessen), is a state in Germany. Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt. Two other major historic cities are Dar ...

by phonetic change over time) ***

*** Batavi-

Cananefates The Cananefates, or Canninefates, Caninefates, or Canenefatae, meaning "leek masters", were a Germanic tribe, who lived in the Rhine delta, in western Batavia (later Betuwe), in the Roman province of '' Germania Inferior'' (now in the Dutch pr ...

**** Batavi ****

Canninefates The Cananefates, or Canninefates, Caninefates, or Canenefatae, meaning " leek masters", were a Germanic tribe, who lived in the Rhine delta, in western Batavia (later Betuwe), in the Roman province of ''Germania Inferior'' (now in the Dutch prov ...

Chasuarii The Chasuarii were an ancient Germanic tribe known from the reports of authors writing in the time of the Roman Empire. They lived somewhere to the east and north of the Rhine, near the modern river Hase, which feeds into the Ems. This means they ...

/ Hasuarii (closely related or not to the

) ** Chattuarii / Attoarii / Hattuarii / Hetware (possibly mentioned in Beowulf as ''Hetwaras'') (they lived in Hettergouw or Hetter gouw) (closely related or not to the

) **Chatvores **Cherusci (some were assimilated by the Mainland Saxons to the north) **Fosi **Marvingi / Marouingoi **Suebes / Suebi or Alemanni (synonymous with the Suebes in the broad sense) (large tribal confederation) ***Brisgavi ***Bucinobantes ***Butones / Boutones ***Corconti ***Hermunduri ****Armalausi ****Campi (tribe), Campi (tribe on the river Chamb, Cham or Chamb, tributary of the Regen (river), Regen, close to Cham, Germany, Cham city) *****Adrabaecampi / Adrabaecampi, Campi *****Parmaecampi ****Curiones ****Danduti ****Vangiones / Vargiones / Vangiones, Woingas (of

) ****

(Thuringii / Toringi) (formed by the merging of Hermunduri tribes, a tribal confederation part of the Elbe Germanic peoples) (some Turcilingi or Turcilingi, Torcolingi were assimilated to the

) (some

joined the Longobards, Longobardian migration towards south) *****Graffelti (a late Thuringians, Thuringian tribe that lived in Grabfeld) ***Lentienses ***

Lombards The Lombards () or Langobards ( la, Langobardi) were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774. The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the '' History of the Lombards'' (written between 787 an ...

(Longobards, Vinili) (Elbe Germanic peoples, Elbe Germanic Lombards) (they lived in Lüneburg Heath) (at the time of the Migration Period and Decline of the Roman Empire, they founded the Lombard Kingdom) (they were assimilated by the Italo-Roman majority, however their ethnonym was the origin for name of the region Lombardy - ''Lombardia'') ****Bardes ****Heaðobards / Heaðobards, Hadubardes / Heaðobards, Heaðubeardan (Heaðobards, Headubarden) ***Marcomanni ****Baiuvarii (Bavarians) ***Mugilones ***Nertereanes ***Quadi / Coldui / Suebi, Danube Suebi ****Old Swabians (Suebi, Danube Suebi that migrated westward) (they had a close relation with the Alemanni, Upper Rhine Alemanni and were descendants from common ancestors but they migrated in an East towards West migration route through the

from what is today's Moravia and from there from the Elbe river, Elbe basin in even older times, until they settled in Swabia) (ancestors of Swabian German speakers) ****Suebi, Suebi, Gallaecian (Suebi, Gallaecian Suebi) (at the time of the Migration Period and Decline of the Roman Empire, they founded the Kingdom of the Suebi in

, Northwestern

, roughly in today's Galicia (Spain), Galicia, North Portugal and North Central Portugal, Asturias and León, Spain, León) (''Suevos'') ***Racatriae / Racatae ***Raetovari ***Scotingi ***Sedusii (a Germanic tribe that dwelled across the eastern region of the

river and was part of the Suebic tribal confederation, mentioned by

) ***Semnones ****Iuthungi / Juthungi (descendants of the Semnones) ***Sibini ***Sidini ***Suarines / Suardones (they may have lived in Schwerin region) ***Suebi, Suebi Nicrenses / Suebi, Suebi, Neckar (Suebi, Neckar Suebi) / Nictrenses / Alemanni, Upper Alemanni (Alemanni, Upper Rhine Alemanni, ancestors of Alemannic German speakers - Alemanni in the narrow sense) (they had a close relation with the Swabians, Old Swabians and were descendants from common ancestors but they migrated in a direct North towards South migration route from the Elbe river, Elbe basin until they settled in Alemannia or Alamannia and Eastern Upper Burgundy, roughly in today's Western and Western Central Baden-Wurtenberg - Neckar River, Neckar river basin, Baden, Alsace, Lake Constance - Bodensee region, and Central Switzerland): Ahalolfings or Alaholfings ***Sudini ***Teuriochaemae / Teuriochaimai ***Triboci ***Varisti / Varisci / Narisci / Naristi ***Victophalians / Victofalians / Victophali / Victofali ***Zumi **Teutonari / Teutonoari **Varini / Warini / Auarinoi (may have been the same as the Varini, a variant name in Greek) / Varini, Viruni / Quirounoi? or Oúírounoi (possibly a mistaken transliteration of the Greek alphabet, Greek Ούίρουνοι = Oúírounoi - Varini, Viruni in Latin alphabet, Latin) / Warni / Varini, Viruni / Pharodini? / Farodini? (may have been the same as the Varini or Varini, Viruni) *North Sea Germanic peoples, North Sea Germanics (Ingaevones / Ingvaeones) **Ambrones (possibly the Imbers / Ymbers / Ymbrum of

, tribe that dwelt in

or in the Emmer (Weser), Emmer (Ambriuna) river region; also they could have lived in the Island of Amrum, in the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast, or in the island of Fehmarn, Imbra, now known as Fehmarn, in the Baltic Sea, Baltic coast) **Ampsivarii / Ampsivarii, Amsivarii **Angles / Angles, Anglies ***Angles, Island Angles / Angles, Insular Angles (in England they merged with Saxons and Jutes to form the new ethnolinguistic group of the Anglo-Saxons) ***Angles, Mainland Angles / Angles, Continental Angles (later assimilated by the Danes in Angeln, Schleswig, North part of Schleswig-Holstein and by Frisians, North Frisians, in Southern Jutland Peninsula Atlantic coast and islands) (Aglies? a possible variant of the name Angles) **Angrivarii, Anglevarii / Angrivarii (Angrarii / Angarii) (later assimilated by the Saxons) **Angrivarii (Angrarii / Angarii) (later assimilated by the Saxons) **Caulci (possibly a North Sea Germanic tribe mentioned by Strabo, he wrote that they lived close to the Ocean - the North Sea, they are mentioned along with North Sea Germanic tribes - Ingaevones) **Chali / Hallinger **

**Chaubi (possibly a North Sea Germanic tribe mentioned by Strabo, he wrote that they lived close to the Ocean - the North Sea, they are mentioned along with North Sea Germanic tribes - Ingaevones) **Chauci ***Chauci, Chauci Maiores ***Chauci, Chauci Minores / Hugas (Saxon Hugas) **Cherusci (some were assimilated by the Mainland Saxons) **Cobandi **Cimbri / Cimbri, Cymbri **Dulgubnii, Dulgibini / Dulgubnii **Eudoses / Eudoses, Eutes / Euthiones (ancestors of the Jutes or a variant name of "Jutes"; Eutes > Iutes > Yutes > Jutes) (Endoses? possibly a variant of the name "Eudoses") ***Jutes ****Jutes, Island Jutes (in England they merged with the Angles and Saxons to form the new ethnolinguistic group of the Anglo-Saxons) ****Jutes, Mainland Jutes (later assimilated by the Danes in

, today's Mainland

) **Frisii ***Frisiavones / Frisiabones (Frisii, Frisii Minores) ***Frisii (Frisii, Frisii Maiores) (possible ancestors of the Frisians) ****Frisians, Old Frisians **Fundusi (a Germanic tribe that lived in

) **Guiones (a tribe mentioned by the Massaliotes, Massiliot Greeks, Greek sea traveler and explorer Pytheas in his work - ''The Ocean'' that possibly lived in

) **Hæleþan (Haelethan) (tribe that lived near the Randers Firth in North

) **Nuithones / Nuitones **Sabalingioi / Sabalingi **Saxons (Old Saxons) ***Saxons, Island Saxons / Saxons, Insular Saxons (in England they merged with the Angles and Jutes to form the new ethnolinguistic group of the Anglo-Saxons) ***Saxons, Mainland Saxons / Saxons, Continental Saxons (the variants Gau (territory), Ga, Gau (territory), Gao, Gau (territory), Gau, Gau (territory), Gabi, Gau (territory), Go, Gau (territory), Gowe, Gau (territory), Gouw, Gau (territory), Ge were the word for Gau (territory), Gau - Old Saxon or Old Low German and Old High German term (in modern times ''Districts of Germany, Kreis'') equivalent of the English Shire, regional administration, many times they matched a tribal land or territory, Old English had some traces, some Germanic cognates like ''Ga'' / ''Gа̄'' or ''Ge'', of this meaning which was ousted by Old English ''Scire'' - Shire, from an early time) ****Agradingun (same as the Angrivarii or Angarii) ****Myrgingas / Myrgings (tribe of

, the wandering bard) ****Saxons, Later Saxons (after merger and assimilation of several North Sea Germanic peoples, North Sea Germanic and Elbe Germanic peoples, Elbe Germanic peoples and tribes) *****Nordliudi, Nordalbingi (Nordalbingians) / Nordliudi / Transalbingians (North of the Elbe river, Elbe, called before Elbe, Alba or Elbe river, Albis river, in Holstein) (the original land of the Saxons) (their land included the Limes Saxonicus and the Danish March) ******Nordliudi, Holtsaetan / Nordliudi, Holtsaeten / Nordliudi, Holtsati / Nordliudi, Holsatians / Holcetae (''Holt Saetan'' - "Forest / Wood Settlement" or "Forest / Wood Settlers" - from which Holstein originate its name, and not from "Forest Stone") (a Nordalbingian tribe, North of the Elbe river, part of the Saxons, Saxon tribal confederation) ******Thietmaresca / Thiadmariska / Men of Ditmarsch (in Dithmarschen) ******Sturmarians (Sturmarii / Sturmera) ******Bardi (Old Saxons), Bardi / Bardongavenses (they lived in Bardengawi / Barden gawi / Bardengau or Bardengau, Barden Gau) *****Angarians / Angrians (same as the Angrivarii or Angarii) (in Old Saxony, Angaria) (in the plain of Old Saxony south of the Elbe river, Elbe and along Weser River, Weser river valley) ******Agradingun / Agradine (lived in Agradingo / Agradingo go) ******Almangas (they lived in Almango or Almango go) ******Ammeri ******Bursibani ******Bucki (tribe), Bucki ******Dersi ******Derve ******Heilungun (they lived in Heilanga / Heilanga ga) ******Hessi (in Hessa) (a North Hessian tribe assimilated by the Mainland Saxons) ******Hlisgas (they lived in Hlisgo or Hlisgo go) ******Hostingabi / Hostinga (they lived in Hostingabi / Hostinga gabi) ******Huettas (they lived in Huettago or Huetta go) ******Lagni ******Lara (tribe), Lara ******Lidbeke (they lived in Lidbekegowe or Lidbeke gowe) ******Lohingi (they lived in Lohingao or Lohingi gao) ******Moronas (tribe), Moronas (they lived in Moronga (Gau), Moronga or Moron ga) ******Mosde ******Netga / Nete (tribe), Nete (they lived in Netga or Net ga) ******Pathergi / Padergi (they lived in Patherga or Pather ga) ******Sturmi (tribe), Sturmi ******Tilithi ******Waldseti / Waldseton ******Wehsige (in Wehsigo or Wehsi go) ******Wigmodia / Wihmodi (Bremen, Bremon, today's Bremen was in their land) *****Phalians (in Old Saxony, Phalia) (in the plateau of Old Saxony) ******Eastphalians (Eastphalia, Ostfalahi) (in Eastphalia) *******Derlinas (they lived in Derlingau, Derlingowe or Derlingau, Derlin Gowe - Derlingau or Derlingau, Derlin Gau) *******Flutwide *******Frisonovel *******Gretingun / Gretingas (they lived in Gretinga / Gretinga ga) *******Guottingi / Guddinges / Gotingi (a Gothic tribe that merged and assimilated to the Saxons) (they lived in Guotinga or Guotinga ga or Gotinga ga, Göttingen region) *******Hartinas (lived in Hartingowe or Hartin gowe) *******Hasi (tribe), Hasi (they lived in Hasigowe or Hasi gowe) *******Hastfalon / Astfalon (they lived in Hastfalagowe or Hastfala gowe) *******Maerstem *******Nordsuavi (in Suavia) (a Northern Suebi / Suebi, Suevi tribe that merged and assimilated to the Saxons) *******Nortthuringun (a Northern Thuringians, Thuringian tribe that merged and assimilated to the Saxons) (lived in Nortthuringowe or Nort Thurin gowe) *******Salthgas (they lived in Salthga or Salth ga) ******Westphalians (Westphalia, Westfalahi / Westfali) (in Westphalia) *******Angeron (they lived in Angeron) *******Auas (they lived in Auga (Gau), Auga or Au ga) *******Dreini (they lived in Dreini) *******Grainas (they lived in Grainga or Grain ga) *******Hama (tribe), Hama (a tribe descendant of the Chamavi / Chamavi, Hamavi, a Rhine-Weser Germanic peoples, Rhine-Weser Germanic tribe, one component of the

, that was later assimilated by the Mainland Saxons) (they lived in Hamaland or Hama land) *******Hasi (tribe), Hasi (they lived in Hasagowe) *******Lerige (lived in Lerige or Leri ge) *******Nihthersi *******Scopingun *******Sudergo (lived in Sudergo or Suder go) *******Theotmalli *******Threcwiti *******Westfalon proper *****Aringon *****Firihsetan / Virsedi *****Sahslingun *****Scotelingun *****Steoringun *****Thiadmthora *****Waledungun **Reudigni / Rendingi / Rendingi, Randingi / Rondings, Rondingas / Rondings / Reudigni, Reudignes / Reudingi / Reudigni, Reudinges **Singulones / Sigulones **Sturii (a Germanic tribe that lived south of the Frisii) **Teutones (Teutons) **Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Jutes-Saxons (Anglo-Saxons, Anglian-Jutish-Saxonian tribes, organized in

s, tribal lands) (new ethnolinguistic group formed by migration toward and settlement of Germanic tribes in Britannia, today's England, and also by assimilation of the conquered Britons (ancient), British Celts) ***Angles (Angles, Island Angles) ****Northumbrians (North of the Humber River, England, Humber estuary) *****Amoþingas / Amothingas (Emmotland in Yorkshire, anciently ''Aet Eamotum'', perhaps also Amotherley, also in Yorkshire) *****Sunderland, Beodarsæte (Anglian tribe that lived in Sunderland region) *****Elmet, Elmedsætan / Elmetsaete (Elmet) *****Loidis (Anglian tribe that lived in Leeds region) ****Southumbrians (South of the Humber River, England, Humber estuary) *****East Angles / East Anglians (in East Anglia) ******Herstingas (Anglian tribe that lived in Cambridge region) ******Ikelgas (Anglian tribe that lived in Icklingham region) ******Norfolk (tribe), Norfolk (Anglian tribe - "North folk" of East Anglia that lived in Norfolk region) ******Suffolk (tribe), Suffolk (Anglian tribe - "South folk" of East Anglia that lived in Suffolk region) *****Middle Angles / Midlanders (in Mercia, roughly today's Midlands) ******Middle Angles, East Middle Angles / Middle Angles, Middle Angles Proper (roughly in today's Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire and South Oxfordshire) *******Bilmingas / Bilmigas (part of south Lincolnshire) *******Cilternsæte / Cilternsæte, Cilternsætan (Settlers of Chiltern Hills – Middle Anglian tribe or clan) *******Dornwaras (Settlers of river Dorn – Middle Anglian tribe or clan) *******Færpingas / Feppingas / Faerpinga in Middelenglum (Charlbury and near Thame) *******Giflas / Giflas (tribe), Gifle (River Ivel, near Bedford) *******Gyrwas / Gyrwas, Gyrwe (Angle tribe or clan that dwelt in the fen) (in the The Fens, Fens) (near Peterborough region) ********Gyrwas, North Gyrwas / Gyrwas, North Gyrwe ********Gyrwas, Suth Gyrwas / Gyrwas, Suth Gyrwe *********Elge (tribe), Elge (Anglian tribe that lived in ''Isle of Ely, Elge'' - Isle of Ely) *******Hiccas / Hiccas (tribe), Hicce (around today's Hitchin) *******Hurstingas (River Ivel, near Bedford) *******Spaldas / Spaldingas (Anglian tribe that lived in Spalding, Lincolnshire, Spalding region) *******Sweordoras (Whittlesey Mere) *******Wideringas (near Stamford, Lincolnshire, Stamford) *******Wigestas *******Willas / Willas (tribe), Wille ********East Willas / Willas (tribe), East Wille ********West Willas / Willas (tribe), West Wille *******Wixnas ********East Wixnas ********West Wixnas ******Lindisfaras (Anglian tribe that lived in Lindisfarona

, Lindsey (British subdivision), Lindsey and North Lincolnshire) *******Gaininingas / Gaini (Gainsborough, Lincolnshire) *******Lindisfarningas (an outlier tribe that lived in the Lindisfarne island and region in the Northumbrian kingdom, Northumbrian coast) ******Mercians / Mercia, Mercians Proper (they founded the Kingdom of Mercia, with Mercian conquests of other Middle Angles in the 7th and 8th centuries AD, "Mercian" and "Middle Angles" became almost synonymal) *******North Mercians (the Mercians dwelling north of the River Trent, roughly in today's East Staffordshire, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire) ********Repton, Reagesate (Anglian tribe that lived in Repton) ********Snotingas (Anglian tribe that occupied the settlement of Nottingham, Snottengaham or Nottingham, Snodengaham - modern Nottingham, Nottinghamshire) *******South Mercians (the Mercians dwelling south of the River Trent, roughly in today's South Staffordshire and North Warwickshire) ********Beormingas (Anglian tribe that lived in Birmingham region) ********Bilsaete (Bilston) ********Pencersaete (Penkridge) ********Tomsaete (Tamworth, Staffordshire) *******Outer Mercians (an early phase of Mercian expansion, possibly 6th century AD, roughly in today's South Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, Rutland, Northamptonshire and North Oxfordshire) ********Undalas (Anglian tribe that lived in Oundle, Undaium region, modern-day Oundle, in Northamptonshire) ********Wideriggas ******Pecsæte / Pecsæte, Pecsætan (Anglian tribe that lived in today's Peak District, roughly in North Derbyshire) *******Herefinnas (Derbyshire) ******Hwicce, Hwiccians / Hwicce, Hwincas (Hwicce) (roughly in today's Gloucestershire, Worcestershire and South Warwickshire) *******Arosæte / Arosæte, Arosaetan (in and around today's Droitwich Spa, Arosætna

) *******Duddensaete (Dudley) *******Husmerae (Kidderminster) *******Stoppingas (Anglian tribe that lived in Wootton Wawen and the valley of the River Alne in modern-day Warwickshire) *******Weorgoran (Worcester, England, Worcester) ******Westernas (Anglian tribe), Westernas *******Magonsæte / Magonsæte, Magonsætan (roughly in today's Herefordshire and South Shropshire) ********Hahlsæte (Ludlow) ********Temersæte (Hereford) *******Wreocensæte (Wreocensæte, Wrekinsets) (Wreocensæte, Wrēocensǣte, Wreocensæte, Wrōcensǣte, Wreocensæte, Wrōcesǣte, Wreocensæte, Wōcensǣte, Wreocensæte, Wocansaete) (Anglian tribe that lived in Wocansaetna

) (roughly in today's Northern Shropshire, Flintshire and Cheshire) ********Meresæte (in and around Chester) ********Rhiwsæte (in and around Wroxeter, Shropshire) *******Lancashire, Tribes of the Land Between Ribble and Mersey (Anglian tribes that lived in what is today's Merseyside, in the Mersey Valley Land, today's Manchester and Liverpool region - Greater Manchester, and in south of the Ribble Valley, Ribble Valley Land, today's South Lancashire, roughly today's Lancashire) (a disorganized region under Mercian control from the 7th century AD) ***Jutes (Jutes, Island Jutes) ****Cantwara / Kentish Men, Centingas (Kentish people, Kentish / Kentish Men, in Kent, Cantwarena

, Kent) *****Andredes Leag (Jute tribe that lived in Andredsley and Newenden region in Kent) *****Boroware (Jute tribe that lived in Canterbury region) *****Ceasterware (Jute tribe that lived in Rochester, Kent region) *****Eastorege (Jute tribe that lived in Sandwich, Kent region) *****Limenwara *****Merscware (Dwellers of Romney Marsh, Kent) ****Wihtwara (Wight Islanders) (Wihtgara Tribal Hidage) (in the Isle of Wight) *****Meonwara / Meonwara, Meonware / Meonwara, Meonsæte (south-east Hampshire and Southampton, mainly on the River Meon, Meon valley) *****Ytenesæte (Jute tribe that lived in what is today's New Forest) ***Saxons (Saxons, Island Saxons) ****East Saxons (East Saxons, East Secsenas) (in Essex) *****Brahhingas (Saxon tribe centred on the settlement of Braughing in modern-day Hertfordshire) *****Maldon, Essex, Dæningas / Dengie, Daenningas / Dengie, Deningei / Deningel *****Ingatestone, Gegingas *****Harringay, Haeringas *****Royal Liberty of Havering, Haueringas (Saxon tribe or clan that lived in today's London Borough of Havering, East End, London) *****The Rodings, Hroðingas *****Tewingas *****Tooting, Tota *****Waeclingas ****Middle Saxons (in Middlesex, roughly in what is today's Greater London, Hertfordshire, Surrey) *****Bedingas (Bedfordshire) *****Geddingas-Gillingas-Mimmas ******Geddingas ******Ealing, Gillingas (Saxon tribe or clan that lived in today's Ealing, West End, London, West End, London) ******Mimmas *****Harrow on the Hill, Gumeningas (Saxon tribe or clan that lived in today's Harrow on the Hill, West End, London, West End, London) *****Hackney, London, Hakas (Saxon tribe that lived in Hackney, London, Hackney, London) *****Noxgaga / Noxga gā (''gā'' is cognate of ''Gau (territory), Gau'') (Berkshire / Thames Valley, Thames Valley Saxons) ******Æbbingas, Æbbingas / Aebbingas (Abingdon-on-Thames, Abingdon) ******Braccingas (Bracknell) ******Readingas (Reading, Berkshire, Reading) ******Sunningas (Sonning) ******Woccingas (Wokingham) *****Paddington, Padendene (Saxon tribe or clan that lived in Paddington, Pæding-tun, modern-day Paddington, London) *****Suther-ge (''ge'' is cognate of ''Gau (territory), Gau'') (Surrey) ******Ælffingas (Effingham, Surrey, Effingham) ******Godhelmingas (Godalming) ******Ohtgaga / Ohtga gā (Somewhere in Surrey) ******Totingas (Tooting) ******Wochingas (Woking) ****South Saxons (South Saxons') (Sussex) *****Haestingas (Hastings) ****West Saxons (in Wessex) *****Basingas (Basingstoke) *****Eorlingas (tribe), Eorlingas (Arlingham) *****Glasteningas / Glestingas (Glastonbury) *****Dorset, Dornsaete / Dorset, Dorsætan (Dorset) *****Gewisse (Dorchester on Thames) *****Hendricas (Wiltshire or Test Valley) *****Sumortūnsǣte / Sumorsǣte / Sumorsaete, Sumorsætan (Somerset) *****Unecunga / Unecung (they lived in Unecunga Ga - Unecunga Gau (territory), Gau or Land, in the Upper Thames region) *****Wilsæte, Wilsætan (Wiltshire) *Istvaeones, Wesser-Rhine Germanics (

) **Baetasii / Betasii **Bructeri / Bructeri, Bructeres / Bructeri, Bructuarii / Borthari? (a possible changed name of Bructeri) **Chamavi / Hamavi (they lived in the region today called Hamaland, in the Gelderland province of the Netherlands, between the IJssel and Ems (river), Ems rivers) **Cugerni **Falchovarii **Gambrivii, Gamabrivii / Gambrivii **Incriones **Landoudioi / Landi **Sicambri / Sicambri, Sigambres / Sugambri ***Marsi (Germanic), Marsi ***Marsaci / Marsacii **Salii (tribe), Salii / Salians (before formation of the

) (originally they only inhabited the northern Low

area, in Salland) (later, those that stayed in Salland, were conquered and assimilated by the Saxons) **Sunici / Sunuci **Tencteri (etymology of the tribe's name is Celtic languages, Celtic) **Tubantes / Tuihanti **Ubii **Usipetes / Usipii / Vispi (etymology of the tribe's name is Celtic languages, Celtic) **

/ Franks, Hugones (formed by the merging of Wesser-Rhine Germanic tribes -

tribes and by the merging and assimilation of the

and related tribes) (at the time of the Migration Period and Decline of the Roman Empire, they founded the Frankish Kingdom) (those living in what is today's West Central Germany and the Low Countries, mainly Ripuarian Franks, are the ancestors of the Franconian Germans (traditionally they spoke Franconian languages) and many of the Dutch people, Dutch, those living in what is today's

, mainly Salian Franks, were assimilated by the

majority, however their ethnonym was the origin for another ethnonym "French people, French" of the French people) ***Ripuarian Franks (originally Rhine river, Rhine river banks Franks, Eastern Austrasia

, Rhineland

in Rhineland,

, Palatinate (region), Palatinate and also in Upper Franconia, that before was Thuringians, Thuringian) ****Hessian Franks / Hessians (tribe), Hessians ****Lognai (late Frankish tribe that lived in Lahngau, west of Taunus Mountains) ****Moselle Franks ****Nistresi (Nister (river), Nister Franks? Diemel Franks?) (a late

tribe) ****Suduodi (late Frankish tribe) ****Upper Franconia Franks (originally it was a Thuringians, Thuringian region before

conquest) ****Wedrecii (late Frankish tribe that lived in around Wetter (river), Wetter river or Wetterau, east of the Taunus Mountains) ***Salian Franks (originally they inhabited the northern Low

area, specifically today's Salland, later they expanded in the Low Countries, and most stayed there; even later, many migrated outside Eastern Austrasia, that included Rhineland, and beyond Silva Carbonaria and the Arduenna Silva, outside the original area of Frankish settlement where Gallo-Romans were the majority, scattered throughout the territory of the Kingdom of the Franks, roughly today's

, especially the northern regions, Western Austrasia and Neustria, they were later assimilated by the

majority) (later, those that stayed in Salland, were conquered and assimilated by the Saxons) ****Low Rhine Franks (Salian Franks that stayed in the Low

region of Eastern Austrasia, later known as the Low Countries, ancestors of many of the Dutch people, Dutch and Flemish people, Flemish) ****Salians, Western Austrasian Franks (in Western Austrasia, out of the Frank majority regions) ****Salians, Neustrian Franks (in Neustria or Neustrasia, out of the Frank majority regions)

Germanic peoples or tribes of unknown ethnolinguistic kinship

Eight tribes or peoples are only mentioned by the Old Mainland Saxons, Saxon wandering bard, of the Myrgingas tribe, named

- Aenenes; Baningas; Deanas (they are differentiated from the Danes); Frumtingas; Herefaran; Hronas or Hronan; Mofdingas and Sycgas (not to be confused with ''Secgan'', short name for the work in Old English called ''On the Resting-Places of the Saints'' about saints' resting places in England).

Ancient peoples with partially Germanic background

Germano-Celtic

*Norse-Gaels (''Austmenn'' - "Eastmen" - "People of the East", people who had come from the East - Scandinavia;

, Scotland and the Isle of Man were called '' Vestmenn'' - "Westmen" - "People of the West" - British Islands) (people of mixed Gaels, Gaelic and Norse ancestry and culture that was formed in the

) **Norse-Gaels, Norn people (Norðr - People of the North Islands) ***Shetlanders (Shetland, Hjaltar) ***Orcadians **Norse-Gaels, Sodor people (Norse-Gaels, Hebridians-Manese Norse-Gaels) (Sodor - People of the South Islands) ***Norse-Gaels, Hebridians Norse-Gaels ****Norse-Gaels, Outer Hebridians Norse-Gaels ****Norse-Gaels, Inner Hebridians Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Man Norse-Gaels **Norse-Gaels, Ireland Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Dublin Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Wexford Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Waterford Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Cork Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Limerick Norse-Gaels

Germano-Slavic

*Osterwalde (a Mainland Saxon tribe living in the same land and in close contact with the Drevani = "Wood" or "Wood Tribe", the Lipani and the Belesem or Byelozem = "White Earth" or "White Earth Tribe" Slavs, Slavic tribes of the Obotrites, Obodrite confederacy that lived scattered in the west banks of the Elbe river, part of the Polabian Slavs or Elbe Slavs, West Slavs) (they lived in Oster Walde / Osterwalde - "Eastern Woods" in the Old Mainland Saxons, Saxon view) (Osterwalde and Luneburg Heath also matched the land where the

lived for a time before most of them migrated towards South) (mostly in today's Lower Saxony, in the Hanoverian Wendland, Germany) * Rus’ people, of

, loose

that was ruled by the

Varangian The Varangians (; non, Væringjar; gkm, Βάραγγοι, ''Várangoi'';Varangian
" Online Etymo ...

(they were formed by a mainly Norsemen, East Norse or North Germanic peoples, East North Germanic minority, the

Varangians The Varangians (; non, Væringjar; gkm, Βάραγγοι, ''Várangoi'';Varangian
" Online Etymo ...

, that came from East Middle Sweden, coastal eastern Sweden or coastal Svealand, around the 8th century AD, from Roslagen in Sweden or Roden, Sweden, Roden, that was assimilated by the East Slavic people, East Slavic majority)

Ancient peoples of uncertain origin with possible Germanic or partially Germanic background

Mixed peoples that had some Germanic component

Celtic-Germanic-Iranian

*Bastarnae, an ancient people who between 200 BC and 300 AD inhabited the region between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dnieper, to the north and east of ancient Dacia, possibly they were originally a Celtic tribe later mixed with Germanic peoples, Germanics and Sarmatians (a group of ancient Iranian peoples) - one possible origin of the name is from Avestan and Old Persian cognate ''bast''- "bound, tied; slave" (cf. Ossetian language, Ossetic ''bættən'' "bind", bast "bound") and Proto-Iranian language, Proto-Iranian *''arna''- "offspring") **Atmoni / Atmoli **Peucini / Peucini, Peucini Bastarnae (a branch of the Bastarnae that lived in the region north of the Danube Delta) (Peucmi? possibly a variant of the name "Peucini") **Sidoni

Possible Germanic or non-Germanic peoples

Germanic or Slavic

*Vistula Veneti / Venedi (more probably a Balto-Slavic people)

Germanic or Celtic

*Anartes (more probably a Celtic tribe later assimilated by Dacians) *Campsiani (originally Celtic people, Celtic, assimilated by Germanic peoples, Germanics) *Cotini / Gotini (more probably a Celtic tribe) *Daliterni, their name was based on a river called Dala in older times (early name of the Veragri, a probable Gauls, Gallic tribe located in present-day Switzerland, in the Valais Swiss canton, canton, however there is the possibility, according to Livy, that they were a half Germanic peoples, Germanic tribe) *Germani Cisrhenani / Tungri? (a collective name for 7 tribes) (names' etymologies of many of the tribes were Celtic languages, Celtic; Belgic people? Chiefs anthroponyms were also Celtic languages, Celtic) **Aduatuci / Atuatuci **Ambivaretes / Ambivareti **Caemani / Paemani **Caeraesi / Caeroesi / Caerosi **Condrusi **Eburones (later Toxandri / Texuandri?) **Segni *Graioceli (more probably a Celtic tribe) *Maeatae / Maeatae, Maiates / Maeatae, Maiatae / Maeatae, Maiati / Maeatae, Miathi (probably a Southern Picts, Pictish tribal confederation beyond and north the Antonine Wall that lived in the land between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Tay or parts of what is now Clackmannanshire, Fife and Stirlingshire and also in the Isle of May from the 2nd century AD to the 6th and 7th centuries AD; there is also the possibility, although weaker, that they were of Norse origin) *Nemeti / Nemetes / Nemetes, Nemetai (Νεμῆται) (more probably a Celtic tribe by its name Etymology, Toponyms and Theonyms) *Nervii (more probably a Belgic tribal confederation) *Treveri (more probably a Belgic tribe) *Tulingi, Tylangii (more probably a Celtic tribe related to the Tulingi or descendant from them)

Germanic or Dacian

*Carpi (people), Carpi / Carpiani (more probably a Dacian people, Dacian tribe)

Germanic or Iranian

*Taifals (possibly they were a

people assimilated by the

, before the

settled in what is today the steppe area of Ukraine, including Crimea, in the 2nd century AD, this area was inhabited by the Sarmatians)

Germanic or Balto-Finnic

*Idumingas / Idumings (more probably a Livonians, Livonian tribe, called Ydumaei by Henricus Lettus or Henricus de Lettis or Henricus Lettus, Heinrich von Lettland, who wrote the ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry, Chronicon Livoniae'' or ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry'') *Kainulaiset, Kvenir / Kainulaiset, Kvænir mentioned in ''Egils Saga'' / Kainulaiset, Kvanes / Kainulaiset, Cwenas mentioned by Ohthere (more probably they were the Kainulaiset, that dwelt in Kvenland, a probable reference to Saami peoples also called ''Saami peoples, Scridefinnas'' / ''Saami peoples, Screrefennae'' or speakers of a related Uralic language) (over time their name became confused with the

word ''kván'' or ''kvæn'' - "woman", genitive plural ''kvenna'', and became mistakenly confused with the legendary Amazons, a mythical all-women tribe that had relations with the Gargareans, a mythical all-men tribe)

Mythical founders

Many of the authors relating ethnic names of Germanic peoples speculated concerning their origin, from the earliest writers to approximately the Renaissance. One cross-cultural approach over this more than a millennium of historical speculation was to assign an eponymous ancestor of the same name as, or reconstructed from, the name of the people. For example, Hellen was the founder of the Greeks, Hellenes. Although some Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment historians continued to repeat these ancient stories as though fact, today they are recognised as manifestly mythological. There was, for example, no Franko, or Francio, ancestor of the Franks. The convergence of data from history, linguistics and archaeology have made this conclusion inevitable. A list of the mythical founders of Germanic peoples follows. *Angul (king), Angul — Angles (the List of monarchs of Mercia, Kings of Mercia, according to the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', other Anglo-Saxon dynasties are derived from other descendants of Woden) *Ask and Embla, Ask —

*Aurvandil —

*Burgundus — Burgundians (''Historia Brittonum'') *Dan (king), Dan — Danes (''Chronicon Lethrense'') *Francio (king), Francio —

(''Liber Historiae Francorum'') *Gothus —

/ Geats/

*Ingve — Ingvaeones, Ynglings *Irmin (king), Irmin — Irminones *Mannus — Manni, or "men", a name fragment as in the later Alemanni ('' Germania'') *Nór — Norwegians (''Chronicon Lethrense'') *Seaxnēat — Saxons

Notes

References

*Thorsten Andersson: ''Altgermanische Ethnika''. In: ''Namn och bygd. Tidskrift för nordisk ortnamnsforskning''. 97 (2009), , pp. 5–39
PDF; 9.7 MB
total year). *Otto Bremer: ''Ethnographie der germanischen Stämme''. In: Hermann Paul (editor): ''Grundriss der Germanischen Philologie''. volume 2, part 1: ''Literaturgeschichte''. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Karl Trübner Verlag, Strasbourg 1900, pp. 735–930. *Ernst Künzl: ''Die Germanen'' (= ''Theiss WissenKompakt''). Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, . *Günter Neumann (philologist), Günter Neumann: ''Namenstudien zum Altgermanischen'' (= ''Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde – Ergänzungsbände''. volume 59). Edited by Heinrich Hettrich, Astrid van Nahl. de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 2008, , . *Rudolf Much: ''Die Germania des Tacitus''. 3rd considerable adult edition. Edited by Wolfgang Lange (philologist), Wolfgang Lange in collaboration with Herbert Jankuhn and Hans Fromm. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 1967, . *Rudolf Much: ''Deutsche Stammeskunde''. 3rd verb edition. Scientific association. Publisher, Berlin/Leipzig 1920, ; outlook Verlag, Bremen 2015, . *Heinrich Beck (philologist), Heinrich Beck et al. (editor): ''Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde.'' 2nd edition. de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 1972–2008. *Hermann Reichert: ''Lexikon der altgermanischen Namen.'' Publisher of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1987, . *Ludwig Rübekeil: ''Völkernamen Europas''. In: Ernst Eichler et al. (editor): ''Namenforschung. Ein internationales Handbuch zur Onomastik''. volume 2, de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 1996, , pp. 1330–1343. *Moritz Schönfeld: ''Wörterbuch der altgermanischen Personen- und Völkernamen nach der Überlieferung des klassischen Altertums'' (= ''Germanische Bibliothek''. department 1: ''Elementar- und Handbücher''. series 4: ''Wörterbücher''. volume 2). Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 1911, ; Reprints each as 2nd, unchanged edition: (= ''Germanische Bibliothek''. series 3 [much 2]). Winter, Heidelberg 1965, ; Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1965, . *Ernst Schwarz (Germanist), Ernst Schwarz: ''Germanische Stammeskunde'' (= ''Germanische Bibliothek''. volume 5). Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 1956, ; reprint: VMA-Verlag, Wiesbaden 2009, . *Alexander Sitzmann, Friedrich E. Grünzweig: ''Altgermanische Ethnonyme. Ein Handbuch zu ihrer Etymologie''. Using a bibliography by Robert Nedoma editor of Hermann Reichert (= ''Philologica Germanica.'' volume 29). Fassbaender, Vienna 2008, . *Reinhard Wenskus: ''Stammesbildung und Verfassung. Das Werden der frühmittelalterlichen gentes''. 2nd, unchanged edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne/Vienna 1977, .

External links

Germania of TacitusA speculative Findlay map of 1849
(Geographica). Book 7, Chapters 1 and 2, are about Germania. {{Germanic peoples Early Germanic peoples, Lists of ancient Indo-European peoples and tribes Lists of ancient people, Germanic

In alphabetical order

Ancestors

Possible ethnolinguistic kinship

East Germanic peoples ( Vandilians)

North Germanic peoples (Norsemen The Norsemen (or Norse people) were a North Germanic ethnolinguistic group of the Early Middle Ages, during which they spoke the Old Norse language. The language belongs to the North Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages and is the pr ...)

West Germanic peoples

Germanic peoples or tribes of unknown ethnolinguistic kinship

Ancient peoples with partially Germanic background

Germano-Celtic

Germano-Slavic

Ancient peoples of uncertain origin with possible Germanic or partially Germanic background

Mixed peoples that had some Germanic component

Celtic-Germanic-Iranian

Possible Germanic or non-Germanic peoples

Germanic or Slavic

Germanic or Celtic

Germanic or Dacian

Germanic or Iranian

Germanic or Balto-Finnic

Mythical founders

See also

Notes

References

External links

North Germanic peoples (
Norsemen The Norsemen (or Norse people) were a North Germanic ethnolinguistic group of the Early Middle Ages, during which they spoke the Old Norse language. The language belongs to the North Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages and is the pr ...
)