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Fouga (also known as Air Fouga) was a French manufacturing company established by Gaston Fouga at
Béziers Béziers (; oc, Besièrs) is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Hérault Departments of France, department in the Occitania (administrative region), Occitanie Regions of France, region of Southern France. Every August Béziers hos ...
during 1920. Originally specialising in the repair of railway rolling stock, the firm eventually became most noted for the aircraft it produced from its woodworking facilities at
Aire-sur-l'Adour Aire-sur-l'Adour (; oc, Aira d'Ador or simply ) is a commune in the Landes department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It lies on the river Adour in the wine area of southwest France. It is an episcopal see of the Diocese of Aire and D ...
. The most successful product to be created by Fouga was the
CM.170 Magister The Fouga CM.170 Magister is a 1950s French two-seat jet trainer aircraft that was developed and manufactured by French aircraft manufacturer Fouga, ''Établissements Fouga & Cie''. Easily recognizable by its V-tail, almost 1,000 have been built ...
, a postwar
jet-powered Jet propulsion is the propulsion of an object in one direction, produced by ejecting a jet of fluid in the opposite direction. By Newton's third law, the moving body is propelled in the opposite direction to the jet. Reaction engines operating o ...
military trainer aircraft derived from the firm's experiences with sailplanes. Many of its features, such as its slender tapering wings, reflecting the company's sailplane heritage. During May 1958, Fouga was acquired by rival French aircraft manufacturer Potez; the company's former facilities at Toulouse continue to produce aircraft as a part of the multinational Airbus Group.


History

During 1920, the company was established by Gaston Fouga; from the onset, it was based at the town of
Béziers Béziers (; oc, Besièrs) is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Hérault Departments of France, department in the Occitania (administrative region), Occitanie Regions of France, region of Southern France. Every August Béziers hos ...
in the
Occitanie Occitanie may refer to: *Occitania, a region in southern France called ''Occitanie'' in French *Occitania (administrative region) Occitania ( ; french: Occitanie ; oc, Occitània ; ca, Occitània ) is the southernmost administrative region of ...
region of
Southern France Southern France, also known as the South of France or colloquially in French language, French as , is a defined geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin,Louis Papy, ''Le midi ...
. Initially, Fouga's operated centred around railway rolling stock. During 1936, Fouga commenced aircraft manufacture using designs purchased from the aeronautical engineer
Pierre Mauboussin Pierre is a masculine given name. It is a French form of the name Peter. Pierre originally meant "rock" or "stone" in French (derived from the Greek word πέτρος (''petros'') meaning "stone, rock", via Latin "petra"). It is a translation ...
, whom the firm also recruited, along with technical advice gathered from engineers working for rival French aircraft company Breguet Aviation . Mauboussin was joined by
Robert Castello The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...
, formerly of the
Dewoitine Constructions Aéronautiques Émile Dewoitine was a French aircraft manufacturer established by Émile Dewoitine at Toulouse in October 1920. The company's initial products were a range of metal parasol-wing fighters which were largely ignored by th ...
aviation company; both Mauboussin and Castello played a leading role in the firm, to the extent that many early of Fouga's designs have often been referred to as "Castel-Mauboussin". Even its later aircraft typically bore "CM" as part of their designations. Fouga developed multiple aircraft designs specifically for the French Military in the years within and surrounding the Second World War. The CM.10 was an assault glider capable of carrying 35 troops that was specifically designed for the French Army. Flight trials with the CM.10 prototypes were of mixed results, the first prototype crashing on 5 May 1948 whilst being flown by
CEV Brétigny CEV may stand for: Medical *Closed-eye visualization, a class of hallucination * Clinically extremely vulnerable, an NHS category for those at high risk from a COVID-19 infection Religion *Contemporary English Version, a translation of the Bible ...
. A production order for 100 was placed with Fouga, but was cancelled after only 5 gliders had been completed. During the postwar years, Fouga continued to pursue its own designs. During 1948, development commenced on a new primary trainer aircraft design that harnessed newly developed jet propulsion technology. The initial design, subsequently named the
CM.170 Magister The Fouga CM.170 Magister is a 1950s French two-seat jet trainer aircraft that was developed and manufactured by French aircraft manufacturer Fouga, ''Établissements Fouga & Cie''. Easily recognizable by its V-tail, almost 1,000 have been built ...
, was evaluated by the
French Air Force The French Air and Space Force (AAE) (french: Armée de l'air et de l'espace, ) is the air and space force of the French Armed Forces. It was the first military aviation force in history, formed in 1909 as the , a service arm of the French Army; ...
(''Armée de l'Air'', AdA) and, in response to its determination that the aircraft lacked sufficient power for its requirements, was enlarged and adopted a pair of Turbomeca Marboré turbojet engines. First flying on 23 July 1952, the first production order for the type was received on 13 January 1954. Numerous export orders for the Magister were received, which included arrangements to produce the type under license in West Germany, Finland and Israel. In addition, the related CM.175 Zéphyr was a carrier-capable derivative of the Magister developed and produced for the French Navy. On the back of the Magister's commercial success, the company established a new plant at Toulouse during 1953 specifically to handle its manufacture."Fouga CM 170."
Pletav.free.fr. Retrieved: 18 November 2012.
During May 1958, Fouga, along with all of its assets, were purchased by the rival aircraft manufacturer Potez; during late 1961, the Fouga name was formally dropped altogether. The remains of Potez and Fouga was subsequently incorporated into Sud-Aviation, later merged into the French aerospace conglomerate
Aérospatiale Aérospatiale (), sometimes styled Aerospatiale, was a French state-owned aerospace manufacturer that built both civilian and military aircraft, rockets and satellites. It was originally known as Société nationale industrielle aérospatiale ( ...
, and then the multinational
EADS Airbus SE (; ; ; ) is a European multinational aerospace corporation. Airbus designs, manufactures and sells civil and military aerospace products worldwide and manufactures aircraft throughout the world. The company has three divisions: '' ...
corporation and then Airbus, which still operates major facilities at Toulouse.


Products

* Fouga CM.8 *
Fouga CM.10 __NOTOC__ The Fouga CM.10 was an assault glider designed for the French Army shortly after World War II, capable of carrying 35 troops, later converted as a powered transport. Design & Development The CM.10 was a high-wing cantilever monoplane o ...
*
Fouga CM.88 Gemeaux The Fouga CM.88 Gemeaux was a 1950s French engine test-bed aircraft produced by Fouga. An unusual aircraft, it was two aircraft joined by a common wing. Design and development To meet a requirement to use as an engined testbed for Turbomeca turb ...
*
Fouga CM.100 __NOTOC__ The Fouga CM.10 was an assault glider designed for the French Army shortly after World War II, capable of carrying 35 troops, later converted as a powered transport. Design & Development The CM.10 was a high-wing cantilever monoplane o ...
*
Fouga CM.170 Magister The Fouga CM.170 Magister is a 1950s French two-seat jet trainer aircraft that was developed and manufactured by French aircraft manufacturer ''Établissements Fouga & Cie''. Easily recognizable by its V-tail, almost 1,000 have been built in Fr ...
* Fouga CM.170M Esquif * Fouga CM.171 Makalu * Fouga CM.173 Super Magister *
Fouga CM.175 Zéphyr The Fouga Zéphyr (company designation CM.175) was a 1950s French two-seat carrier-capable jet trainer for the French Navy. It was developed from the land-based CM.170 Magister. It was replaced in 1994. Design and development The French Na ...
* Potez-Heinkel CM.191


References


Citations


Bibliography

* * * {{Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France Companies based in Occitania (administrative region) Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1920 1920 establishments in France