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In classical architecture, a colonnade is a long sequence of
column A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. ...
s joined by their
entablature An entablature (; nativization of Italian , from "in" and "table") is the superstructure of moldings and bands which lies horizontally above columns, resting on their capitals. Entablatures are major elements of classical architecture, and ...
, often free-standing, or part of a building. Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or curved. The space enclosed may be covered or open. In St. Peter's Square in Rome, Bernini's great colonnade encloses a vast open elliptical space. When in front of a building, screening the door (Latin ''porta''), it is called a
portico A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls. This idea was widely used in ancient Greece and has influenced many cult ...
. When enclosing an open court, a peristyle. A portico may be more than one rank of columns deep, as at the
Pantheon Pantheon may refer to: * Pantheon (religion), a set of gods belonging to a particular religion or tradition, and a temple or sacred building Arts and entertainment Comics *Pantheon (Marvel Comics), a fictional organization * ''Pantheon'' (Lone St ...
in Rome or the
stoa A stoa (; plural, stoas,"stoa", ''Oxford English Dictionary'', 2nd Ed., 1989 stoai, or stoae ), in ancient Greek architecture, is a covered walkway or portico, commonly for public use. Early stoas were open at the entrance with columns, usually ...
e of Ancient Greece. When the
intercolumniation In architecture, intercolumniation is the proportional spacing between columns in a colonnade, often expressed as a multiple of the column diameter as measured at the bottom of the shaft. In Classical, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture, in ...
is alternately wide and narrow, a colonnade may be termed "araeosystyle" (Gr. αραιος, "widely spaced", and συστυλος, "with columns set close together"), as in the case of the western porch of
St Paul's Cathedral St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grad ...
and the east front of the Louvre.


History

Colonnades have been built since ancient times and interpretations of the classical model have continued through to modern times, and Neoclassical styles remained popular for centuries. At the British Museum, for example, porticos are continued along the front as a colonnade. The porch of columns that surrounds the
Lincoln Memorial The Lincoln Memorial is a U.S. national memorial built to honor the 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. It is on the western end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C., across from the Washington Monument, and is in the ...
in Washington, D.C. (in style a ''peripteral'' classical temple) can be termed a colonnade. As well as the traditional use in buildings and monuments, colonnades are used in sports stadiums such as the Harvard Stadium in Boston, where the entire horseshoe-shaped stadium is topped by a colonnade. The longest colonnade in the United States, with 36
Corinthian column The Corinthian order (Greek: Κορινθιακός ρυθμός, Latin: ''Ordo Corinthius'') is the last developed of the three principal classical orders of Ancient Greek architecture and Roman architecture. The other two are the Doric order ...
s, is the
New York State Education Building The New York State Education Building (commonly known as the State Education Building) is a state office building in Albany, New York, Albany, New York (state), New York. It houses offices of the New York State Education Department (NYSED) and was ...
in Albany, New York.New York State Department of Education Building
Emporis Emporis GmbH was a real estate data mining company that was headquartered in Hamburg, Germany. The company collected data and photographs of buildings worldwide, which were published in an online database from 2000 to September 2022. On 12 Sept ...
. Retrieved on 2009-5-23.


Notable colonnades


Ancient world

File:Luxor Temple R07.jpg, The colonnade of Amenhotep III at the Luxor temple File:Reconstruction of Stoa of Attalos (3357410911).jpg, The
Stoa of Attalos The Stoa of Attalos (also spelled Attalus) was a stoa (covered walkway or portico) in the Agora of Athens, Greece. It was built by and named after King Attalos II of Pergamon, who ruled between 159 BC and 138 BC. The current building was recon ...
in the reconstructed Ancient Agora of Athens File:Palmyra, Syria - 2.jpg, The
Great Colonnade at Palmyra The Great Colonnade at Palmyra was the main colonnaded avenue in the ancient city of Palmyra in the Syrian Desert. The colonnade was built in several stages during the second and third century CE and stretched for more than a kilometer (approximat ...
,
Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
File:Baalbek-Jupiter.jpg, Baalbeck, Lebanon File:Colonnade in Ephesus.jpg,
Ephesus Ephesus (; grc-gre, Ἔφεσος, Éphesos; tr, Efes; may ultimately derive from hit, 𒀀𒉺𒊭, Apaša) was a city in ancient Greece on the coast of Ionia, southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey. It was built in t ...
File:Station of Venezia Santa Lucia (7803866220).jpg, Modern colonnade at the Santa Lucia rail station, Venice


Renaissance and Baroque periods

File:Colonnade in Palacio de Carlos V.JPG, Palace of Charles V,
Granada Granada (,, DIN 31635, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the fo ...
(1527) File:St Peter's Square, Vatican City - April 2007.jpg,
Bernini Gian Lorenzo (or Gianlorenzo) Bernini (, , ; Italian Giovanni Lorenzo; 7 December 159828 November 1680) was an Italian sculptor and architect. While a major figure in the world of architecture, he was more prominently the leading sculptor of his ...
's colonnade St. Peter's Square, Vatican City (1660s) File:St. Peter's Square, 1992.jpg, Detail of St. Peter's Square colonnade File:Louvre Kolonnaden.JPG, Colonnade of the Louvre, Paris (1670)


Neoclassical

File:P1030420 Paris VIII église de la Madeleine colonnes façade occidentale rwk.JPG, The church of
La Madeleine, Paris , other name = , native_name = , native_name_lang = French , image = Madeleine Paris.jpg , landscape = , imagesize = , caption = , imagelink ...
(consecrated 1842) File:GPOSydneyInterior2007.jpg, Vaulted colonnade in the General Post Office, Sydney (1890s) File:Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge University.jpg, Main entrance to the Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge (19th century) File: Brussels 3 157.jpg, Colonnade of the
Arcade du Cinquantenaire The Cinquantenaire Arcade (french: Arcade(s) du Cinquantenaire, nl, Arcade(s) van het Jubelpark) is a memorial arcade in the centre of the Parc du Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark in Brussels, Belgium. The centrepiece is a monumental triple arch kno ...
, Brussels (1905) File:NYSED.jpg,
New York State Education Building The New York State Education Building (commonly known as the State Education Building) is a state office building in Albany, New York, Albany, New York (state), New York. It houses offices of the New York State Education Department (NYSED) and was ...
, Albany, New York (1912)


Modern interpretations

File:Palacio da Alvorada Exterior.jpg, Palácio da Alvorada, by Oscar Niemeyer, in Brasília, Brazil (1958) File:Johnson spanish music 1916 3.jpg, Lebus Court, Bridges Hall of Music, Pomona College, by Myron Hunt in
Claremont Claremont may refer to: Places Australia *Claremont, Ipswich, a heritage-listed house in Queensland * Claremont, Tasmania, a suburb of Hobart * Claremont, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth ** Claremont Football Club, West Australian Footba ...
, California, United States (1915) File:Scripps College for Women-10.jpg, Balch Hall,
Scripps College Scripps College is a Private university, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts Women's colleges in the United States, women's college in Claremont, California. It was founded as a member of the Claremont Colleges in 1 ...
by
Sumner Hunt Sumner P. Hunt (Brooklyn, NY, May 8, 1865 – Los Angeles, CA, November 19, 1938) was an architect in Los Angeles from 1888 to the 1930s. On January 21, 1892, he married Mary Hancock Chapman, January 21, 1892. They had a daughter Louise Hunt. Li ...
and Gordon Kaufmann in
Claremont Claremont may refer to: Places Australia *Claremont, Ipswich, a heritage-listed house in Queensland * Claremont, Tasmania, a suburb of Hobart * Claremont, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth ** Claremont Football Club, West Australian Footba ...
, California, United States (1929)


See also

* Arcade * Cloister * Engaged column


References

{{Authority control Columns and entablature Architectural elements