''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of

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East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both Geography, geographical and culture, ethno-cultural terms. The modern State (polity), states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. ...

Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of and a population of around 44.5 million ...

, and

Australasia Australasia is a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecologi ...

. The genus includes a great number of economically important trees.

Habitat

This genus is present in the Himalayas and other mountain areas and is present in tropical and subtropical montane rainforests, in the weed-tree forests, in valleys, and mixed forests of coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved trees, from southern China,

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

, and

. Some species, such as '' Cinnamomum camphora'', tolerate drought.

Characteristics

All species tested so far are diploid, with the total number of chromosomes being 24. This Lauraceae genus comprises approximately 250 trees and shrubs and most are aromatic. Some trees produce sprouts. The thick, leathery leaves are dark green, lauroid type. Laurophyll or lauroid leaves are characterized by a generous layer of wax, making them glossy in appearance, and narrow, pointed oval in shape with an 'apical mucro', or 'drip tip', which permits the leaves to shed water despite the humidity, allowing respiration from plant. Mostly, the plants present a distinct odor. Their alternate leaves are ovate-elliptic, with margins entire or occasionally repand, with acute apices and broadly cuneate to subrounded bases. Upper leaf surfaces are shiny green to yellowish-green, while the undersides are opaque and lighter in color. Mature leaves are dark green. Young leaves are reddish brown to yellowish-red. The leaves are glabrous on both surfaces or sparsely puberulent beneath only when young; the leaves are mostly triplinerved or sometimes inconspicuously five-nerved, with conspicuous midrib on both surfaces. The axils of lateral nerves and veins are conspicuously bullate above and dome-shaped. Terminal buds are perulate. The axillary panicle is 3.5–7 cm long. It is a genus of monoecious species, with hermaphrodite flowers, greenish white, white to yellow are glabrous or downy and pale to yellowish brown. Mostly the flowers are small. The perianth is glabrous or puberulent outside and densely pubescent inside. The purplish-black fruit is an ovate, ellipsoidal or subglobose drupe. The perianth-cup in fruit is cupuliform. ''

Cinnamomum parthenoxylon ''Camphora parthenoxylon'' is an evergreen tree in the genus '' Cinnamomum'', tall. It is native to South and East Asia ( Bhutan, Myanmar, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) ...

'' and'' Cinnamomum camphora'' are large evergreen trees that can grow to 30 m in height with trunks 3 m in diameter, with broadly ovate crowns. Terminal buds are broadly ovoid or globular, and covered with sericeous scales. Bark is yellowish-brown with irregular vertical splits. Branches are light brown, cylindrical, and glabrous. Cinnamomum tree in a 10th century Arabic manuscript

Cinnamomum tree in a 10th century Arabic manuscript

蘭嶼肉桂 Cinnamomum kotoense 20210205100207 03

The inner bark of several species is used to make the spice cinnamon. Other notable species are '' C. tamala'', used as the herb malabathrum (also called'' tejpat'' and Indian bay leaf), and '' C. camphora'', from which camphor is produced.

Accepted species

About 250 species are accepted,''Cinnamomum'' Schaeff.
''Plants of the World Online'', Kew Science. Accessed 23 August 2022. including several commercially important ones. A molecular study found that species from the tropical Americas classed in ''Cinnamomum'' were not closely related to the

Paleotropical The Paleotropical Kingdom (Paleotropis) is a floristic kingdom comprising tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand), as proposed by Ronald Good and Armen Takhtajan. Part of its flora, inherited from the ancient ...

species, and have been reclassified with related species in genus ''

Aiouea ''Aiouea'' is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Lauraceae. It is native to tropical forests and montane forests of North and South America. The name is a curiosity because it consists entirely of vowels. Taxonomy The following species a ...

''. *'' Cinnamomum agasthyamalayanum'' *''

Cinnamomum alibertii ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in t ...

'' *''

Cinnamomum alternifolium ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in t ...

'' *''

Cinnamomum altissimum ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in t ...

'' *''

Cinnamomum anacardium ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum andersonii'' *'' Cinnamomum angustifolium'' *'' Cinnamomum angustitepalum'' *'' Cinnamomum appelianum'' *'' Cinnamomum archboldianum'' *'' Cinnamomum arfakense'' *''

Cinnamomum aromaticum ''Cinnamomum cassia'', called Chinese cassia or Chinese cinnamon, is an evergreen tree originating in southern China, and widely cultivated there and elsewhere in South and Southeast Asia (India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam ...

'' – Chinese cinnamon or cassia (''C. cassia'') *'' Cinnamomum asomicum'' *'' Cinnamomum assamicum'' *'' Cinnamomum aubletii'' *'' Cinnamomum aureofulvum'' *'' Cinnamomum auricolor'' *'' Cinnamomum austrosinense'' *'' Cinnamomum austroyunnanense *'' Cinnamomum baileyanum'' *'' Cinnamomum baillonii'' *'' Cinnamomum balansae'' *'' Cinnamomum bamoense'' *'' Cinnamomum beccarii'' *'' Cinnamomum bejolghota'' *'' Cinnamomum bhamoensis'' *'' Cinnamomum bhaskarii'' *''

Cinnamomum birmanicum ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their Leaf, leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distribute ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum bishnupadae'' *'' Cinnamomum blandfordii'' *'' Cinnamomum blumei'' *'' Cinnamomum bokorense'' *'' Cinnamomum bonii'' *'' Cinnamomum brachythyrsum'' *'' Cinnamomum burmannii'' – Indonesian cinnamon *'' Cinnamomum calciphilum'' *'' Cinnamomum cambodianum'' *'' Cinnamomum capparu-coronde'' *'' Cinnamomum carrierei'' *'' Cinnamomum caryophyllus'' *'' Cinnamomum cebuense'' *'' Cinnamomum celebicum'' *'' Cinnamomum chago'' *'' Cinnamomum champokianum'' *'' Cinnamomum chantinii'' *'' Cinnamomum chemungianum'' *'' Cinnamomum citriodorum'' – Malabar cinnamon *'' Cinnamomum clemensii'' *''

Cinnamomum contractum ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their Leaf, leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distribute ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum cordatum'' *'' Cinnamomum corneri'' *'' Cinnamomum crassinervium'' *'' Cinnamomum crenulicupulum'' *'' Cinnamomum culilawan'' *'' Cinnamomum cupulatum'' *'' Cinnamomum curvifolium'' *'' Cinnamomum cuspidatum'' *'' Cinnamomum damhaense'' *'' Cinnamomum daphnoides'' *'' Cinnamomum decaisnei'' *'' Cinnamomum decourtilzill'' *'' Cinnamomum degeneri'' *'' Cinnamomum deschampsii'' *'' Cinnamomum dimorphandrum'' *'' Cinnamomum doederleinii'' *'' Cinnamomum dominii'' *'' Cinnamomum dubium'' – Wild cinnamon *'' Cinnamomum durifolium'' *'' Cinnamomum x durifruticeticola'' *'' Cinnamomum eboaloi'' *'' Cinnamomum ellipticifolium'' *'' Cinnamomum englerianum'' *'' Cinnamomum eugenoliferum'' *'' Cinnamomum filipedicellatum'' *'' Cinnamomum fitianum'' *'' Cinnamomum gamblei'' *'' Cinnamomum gaudichaudii'' *'' Cinnamomum glaucescens'' *'' Cinnamomum glauciphyllum'' *'' Cinnamomum goaense'' *'' Cinnamomum gracillimum'' *'' Cinnamomum helferi'' *'' Cinnamomum heyneanum'' *'' Cinnamomum hkinlumense'' *''

Cinnamomum hookeri ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in t ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum impressinervium'' *'' Cinnamomum inconspicuum'' *''

Cinnamomum iners ''Cinnamomum iners'' is a tree species in the family Lauraceae described by Reinwardt and Blume. No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life. It occurs naturally in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum insularimontanum'' *'' Cinnamomum javanicum'' *'' Cinnamomum jensenianum'' *'' Cinnamomum kalbaricum'' *'' Cinnamomum kami'' *'' Cinnamomum kanehirae'' – stout camphor tree ''niu zhang'' ();

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...

*''

Cinnamomum keralaense ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in t ...

'' *''

Cinnamomum kerangas ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their Leaf, leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distribute ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum kerrii'' *'' Cinnamomum kinabaluense'' *'' Cinnamomum kingdon-wardii'' *'' Cinnamomum kotoense'' *'' Cinnamomum kunstleri'' *'' Cinnamomum kwangtungense'' *'' Cinnamomum lanaoeense'' *'' Cinnamomum lanuginosum'' *'' Cinnamomum laubatii'' *'' Cinnamomum lawang'' *'' Cinnamomum ledermannii'' *'' Cinnamomum liangii'' *'' Cinnamomum ligneum'' *'' Cinnamomum lineatum'' *'' Cinnamomum lioui'' *'' Cinnamomum litsaeifolium'' *'' Cinnamomum loheri'' *'' Cinnamomum lohitensis'' *'' Cinnamomum longipedicellatum'' *'' Cinnamomum loureiroi'' – Saigon cinnamon *'' Cinnamomum lucens'' *'' Cinnamomum mabberleyi'' *'' Cinnamomum macrocarpum'' *'' Cinnamomum macrophyllum'' *'' Cinnamomum magnificum'' *'' Cinnamomum mairei'' *'' Cinnamomum malabatrum'' *'' Cinnamomum melastomaceum'' *'' Cinnamomum melliodorum'' *'' Cinnamomum mendozae'' *''

Cinnamomum mercadoi ''Cinnamomum mercadoi'' (kalingag) is a small tree, about high, with a thick, aromatic bark. The plant part of the family Lauraceae, which contains about 45 genera and 2000-2500 species, and is related to the culinary cinnamon, sassafras, and b ...

'' S.Vidal – kalingag tree *'' Cinnamomum microphyllum'' *'' Cinnamomum mohanense'' *'' Cinnamomum mollissiumum'' *'' Cinnamomum myrianthum'' *'' Cinnamomum nalingway'' *'' Cinnamomum nanophyllum'' *''

Cinnamomum neesii ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their Leaf, leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distribute ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum nilagricum'' *''

Cinnamomum novae-britanniae ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their Leaf, leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distribute ...

'' *''

Cinnamomum oblongum ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their Leaf, leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distribute ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum obscurum'' *''

Cinnamomum oliveri ''Cinnamomum oliveri'' is a rainforest tree growing at the eastern coastal parts of Australia. It grows from the Illawarra district (34° S) in New South Wales to Cape York Peninsula at the northern tip of Australia. The southernmost limit of nat ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum osmophloeum'' – pseudocinnamomum *'' Cinnamomum ovalifolium'' *'' Cinnamomum pachypes'' *'' Cinnamomum pachyphyllum'' *'' Cinnamomum paiei'' *'' Cinnamomum pallidum'' *'' Cinnamomum panayense'' *''

Cinnamomum paraneuron ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum pedatinervium'' *'' Cinnamomum pendulum'' *'' Cinnamomum percoriaceum'' *'' Cinnamomum perglabrum'' *''

Cinnamomum perrottetii ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in t ...

'' *''

Cinnamomum pilosum ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in t ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum pingbienense'' *''

Cinnamomum piniodorum ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their Leaf, leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distribute ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum pittosporoides'' *'' Cinnamomum podagricum'' *'' Cinnamomum polderi'' *'' Cinnamomum politum'' *'' Cinnamomum polyadelphium'' *'' Cinnamomum porphyrospermum'' *'' Cinnamomum propinquum'' *'' Cinnamomum pseudopedunculatum'' *'' Cinnamomum puberulum'' *'' Cinnamomum racemosum'' *''

Cinnamomum reticulatum ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum rigidissimum'' *''

Cinnamomum rigidum ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum riparium'' *'' Cinnamomum rivulorum'' *'' Cinnamomum rosiflorum'' *'' Cinnamomum rosselianum'' *'' Cinnamomum rumphii'' *'' Cinnamomum rupestre'' *'' Cinnamomum sancti-caroli'' *'' Cinnamomum sandkuhlii'' *'' Cinnamomum sanjappae'' *'' Cinnamomum saxatile'' *'' Cinnamomum scalarinervium'' *'' Cinnamomum scortechinii'' *'' Cinnamomum selangorense'' *'' Cinnamomum sericans'' *'' Cinnamomum sessilifolium'' *'' Cinnamomum siamense'' *'' Cinnamomum sieboldii'' *'' Cinnamomum sinharajaense'' *'' Cinnamomum sintoc'' Blume *'' Cinnamomum sleumeri'' *'' Cinnamomum solomonense'' *'' Cinnamomum splendens'' *''

Cinnamomum spurium ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in t ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum subaveniopsis'' *'' Cinnamomum sublanuginosum'' *'' Cinnamomum subsericeum'' *'' Cinnamomum subtetrapterum'' *''

Cinnamomum sulavesianum ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their Leaf, leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distribute ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum sulphuratum'' *'' Cinnamomum sumatranum'' *'' Cinnamomum suvrae'' *'' Cinnamomum szechuanense'' *'' Cinnamomum tahijanum'' *'' Cinnamomum talawaense'' *'' Cinnamomum tamala'' – ''tejpat'', Indian bay leaf, or malabathrum *'' Cinnamomum tavoyanum'' *'' Cinnamomum tazia'' *'' Cinnamomum tenuifolium'' – Japanese cinnamon *'' Cinnamomum tetragonum'' *'' Cinnamomum travancoricum'' *''

Cinnamomum trichophyllum ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their Leaf, leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distribute ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum trinervatum'' *'' Cinnamomum tsangii'' *'' Cinnamomum utile'' *'' Cinnamomum vaccinifolium'' *'' Cinnamomum validinerve'' *''

Cinnamomum verum ''Cinnamomum verum'', called true cinnamon tree or Ceylon cinnamon tree, is a small evergreen tree belonging to the family Lauraceae, native to Sri Lanka. The inner bark of several other '' Cinnamomum'' species are also used to make cinnamon, but ...

'' – cinnamon, Ceylon cinnamon, or true cinnamon *'' Cinnamomum villosulum'' *''

Cinnamomum vimineum ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum virens'' – red-barked sassafras, eastern Australia *'' Cinnamomum vitiense'' *'' Cinnamomum walaiwarense'' *'' Cinnamomum wightii'' *'' Cinnamomum wilsonii'' *''

Cinnamomum woulfei ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their Leaf, leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distribute ...

'' *'' Cinnamomum xanthoneurum'' *''

Cinnamomum yabunikkei ''Cinnamomum'' is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of ''Cinnamomum'' have aromatic oils in their Leaf, leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distribute ...

'' Species transferred to ''Camphora'': CC-BY icon

Text was copied from this source, which is available under
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
*'' Camphora bodinieri'' ≡ ''

Cinnamomum bodinieri ''Cinnamomum bodinieri'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae, native to southern China. A tree reaching , it is typically found in situations with more light, such as alongside roads and streams or in open forests and thickets ...

'' *'' Camphora brachythyrsa'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum brachythyrsum'' *'' Camphora chartophylla'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum chartophyllum'' *'' Camphora foveolata'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum foveolatum'' *'' Camphora glandulifera'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum glanduliferum'' *'' Camphora illicioides'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum ilicioides'' *'' Camphora longepaniculata'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum longepaniculatum'' *'' Camphora micrantha'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum micranthum'' *'' Camphora migao'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum migao'' *'' Camphora mollifolia'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum mollifolium'' *''

Camphora officinarum ''Camphora officinarum'' is a species of evergreen tree that is commonly known under the names camphor tree, camphorwood or camphor laurel. Description ''Camphora officinarum'' is native to China south of the Yangtze River, Taiwan, southern ...

'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum camphora'' – camphor laurel *'' Camphora parthenoxylon'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum parthenoxylon'' – Selasian wood, Martaban camphor wood, saffrol laurel,'' alcanforero amarillo'', ''mreah prew phnom'', ''kayu gadis'', ''telasihan'', ''huang zhang'' () *''

Camphora philippinensis Camphora may refer to: * Camphora, a synonym for the chemical compound camphor * Camphora, California, an unincorporated community in Monterey County * Camphora (plant), genus of evergreen trees **Particularly '' Camphora officinarum'' See also ...

'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum philippinense'' *''

Camphora platyphylla Camphora may refer to: * Camphora, a synonym for the chemical compound camphor * Camphora, California Camphora (formerly, Camp Four) is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California. It is located on U.S. Route 101 and the Southern ...

'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum platyphyllum'' *'' Camphora purpurea'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum purpureum'' *'' Camphora rufotomentosa'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum rufomentosum'' *'' Camphora septentrionalis'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum septentrionale'' *'' Camphora tenuipilis'' ≡ ''Cinnamomum tenuipile''

References

External links

* Cinnamomum page on Wikispecies {{Taxonbar, from=Q27282 Lauraceae genera