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Bouar is a market town in the western Central African Republic, lying on the main road from Bangui (437 km) to the frontier with Cameroon (210 km). The city is the capital of Nana-Mambéré prefecture, has a population of 40,353, while the whole sous-préfecture has a population of 96,595 (2003 census). Bouar lies on a plateau almost 1000m above sea level and is known as the site of Camp Leclerc, a
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
military base. About seventy groups of megaliths lie in the town and to its north and east. The Bouar Megaliths, dating back to the very late Neolithic Era (c. 3500–2700 BC) were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on April 11, 2006 in the Cultural category. The town's name comes from the Gbaya word for
bean A bean is the seed of several plants in the family Fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food. They can be cooked in many different ways, including boiling, frying, and baking, and are used in many traditional dishes th ...
, ''hbouar''.


History

Hundreds of granite megaliths around Bouar were erected during the
Late Stone Age The Later Stone Age (LSA) is a period in African prehistory that follows the Middle Stone Age. The Later Stone Age is associated with the advent of modern human behavior in Africa, although definitions of this concept and means of studying it ar ...
by an ancient farming society. These stone megaliths are nowadays known as ''tanzunu'' in Gbaya. The Gbaya people settled in the region around the 1500s. The settlement of Bouar itself was founded circa 1840 by chief Bogbafeï on the site of a bean field. His grandson, Mbarta, served as the chief between 1904 and 1916 and nowadays is remembered as a local hero. In 1882, France invaded Central Africa and 1894, the borders of French Congo encompassed Bouar. In 1911, the area around Bouar was ceded by France to Germany under the terms of the Morocco-Congo Treaty, becoming part of the German colony of
Neukamerun Neukamerun was the name of Central African territories ceded by the Third French Republic to the German Empire in 1911. Upon taking office in 1907, Theodor Seitz, governor of Kamerun, advocated the acquisition of territories from the French Con ...
until it was reconquered by the French during World War I. The Germans eventually settled in the town around Christmas of 1913, where they constructed a military post and a road. In 1928, the town became part of the French colony of Ubangi-Shari. The colonial town centre was occupied and burned down in the late 1920s by Gbaya rebels during the Kongo-Wara rebellion. This was the most significant period in which the Gbaya population and others resisted French colonial rule in Ubangi-Shari. In 1948, the administrative centre of Ouham-Pendé prefecture was moved from Bozoum to Bouar. Later, the western part of the prefecture would become Nana-Mambéré prefecture with Bouar as its capital, while Bozoum would become the capital of the remaining Ouham-Pendé prefecture. In 1960 the colony became independent as the Central African Republic. File:Bouar Megaliths stamp.jpg , The ancient stone megaliths of Bouar depicted on a 1967 stamp. File:Mbarta (28602311794).jpg , A portrait of chief Mbarta as a "Hero of Bouar" in the town's museum. File:Bouar (28936991490).jpg , A view of Bouar in 2015. File:Fillettes (28604153443).jpg , Children celebrating
International Women's Day International Women's Day (IWD) is a global holiday celebrated annually on March 8 as a focal point in the women's rights movement, bringing attention to issues such as gender equality, reproductive rights, and violence and abuse against wom ...
in 2016.


Civil war

On 28 March 2013 Bouar was captured by Séléka rebels. On 26 October 2013 Bouar was attacked and captured by Anti-balaka militias resulting in more than 20 deaths. As of February 2014 the town and region around Bouar were experiencing
ethnic cleansing Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, and religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making a region ethnically homogeneous. Along with direct removal, extermination, deportation or population transfer ...
, principally against
Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
civilians. A French journalist, Camille Lepage, was also killed and her body found in the car of Anti-balaka troops in the Bouar region in May, 2014. On 18 September 2017 city was recaptured by FACA from Anti-balaka. On 20 December 2020 parts of city were captured by rebels from Coalition of Patriots for Change. On 27 December entire city was captured by rebels. After many clashes it was recaptured by government forces on 8 February 2021.


Places of worship

Among the places of worship, they are predominantly
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
churches and temples :
Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Central African Republic Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that affirms the centrality of being "born again", in which an individual experi ...
( Lutheran World Federation), Evangelical Baptist Church of the Central African Republic ( Baptist World Alliance), Roman Catholic Diocese of Bouar ( Catholic Church).J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 531-532 There are also
Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
mosques.


Climate

Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies Bouar’s climate as tropical wet and dry (''Aw'').


See also

*
List of cities in the Central African Republic A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...
* Prefectures of the Central African Republic


References

{{Authority control Populated places in the Central African Republic Populated places in Nana-Mambéré Sub-prefectures of the Central African Republic