Anatomography is an interactive website which supports generating anatomical diagrams and animations of the human body. The Anatomography website is maintained by the DBCLS (Database Center for Life Science) non-profit research institute located at the

University of Tokyo , abbreviated as or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1877, the university was the first Imperial University and is currently a Top Type university of the Top Global University Project b ...

. Anatomical diagrams generated by Anatomography, and 3D polygon data used on the website (called BodyParts3D), are freely available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license.

Description

Anatomography was launched on Feb. 9, 2009Release notes
(in Japanese). DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-12. by founder and chief director Kousaku Okubo ( 大久保公策), professor of the

DNA Data Bank of Japan The DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) is a biological database that collects DNA sequences. It is located at the National Institute of Genetics (NIG) in the Shizuoka prefecture of Japan. It is also a member of the International Nucleotide Sequence Da ...

at the

National Institute of Genetics The National Institute of Genetics ("Japanese Institute of Genetics") is a Japanese institution founded in 1949. It hosts the DNA Data Bank of Japan The DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) is a biological database that collects DNA sequences. It i ...

. Human body polygon data used in the site are called "BodyParts3D". BodyParts3D polygon data are extracted from full-body

MRI Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves ...

images. The MRI image set that BodyParts3D is based on is called "TARO".

Taro Taro () (''Colocasia esculenta)'' is a root vegetable. It is the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the family Araceae that are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, and petioles. Taro corms are a food staple in Afri ...

is a common given name for males in Japanese, as

John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Secon ...

is in English. TARO is a 2mm * 2mm * 2mm

voxel In 3D computer graphics, a voxel represents a value on a regular grid in three-dimensional space. As with pixels in a 2D bitmap, voxels themselves do not typically have their position (i.e. coordinates) explicitly encoded with their values. I ...

dataset of the human male created by the

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, c ...

. TARO was published freely on November, 2004. The construction process of BodyParts3D is as follows. *Phase 1: Additional anatomical segmentations were introduced in the original TARO data. *Phase 2: Then, missing details were supplemented and blurred contours were clarified using a 3D editing program by referring to textbooks, atlases, tp://ftp.biosciencedbc.jp/archive/bodyparts3d/LATEST/release_3.0_e.html BodyParts3D Release Note (Release 3.0, 2011/6/20)DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-15. and mock-up models by medical illustrators. *Phase 3: Further segmentation and data modification will continue in collaboration with clinical researchers until sufficient concept coverage is achieved. BodyParts3D polygon data are distributed in the OBJ file format. The entire data file's size is 127 MB (polygon reduced) and 521 MB (high quality) as of version 3.0. The number of body parts (organs) registered in BodyParts3D is 1,523 as of version 3.0.

License

Images generated by Anatomography and the polygon data included in BodyParts3D are licensed under the

Creative Commons license A Creative Commons (CC) license is one of several public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted "work".A "work" is any creative material made by a person. A painting, a graphic, a book, a song/lyric ...

, in hope of widening usage and democratizing medical knowledge.

Funding

The BodyParts3D/Anatomography project was funded by MEXT (Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) from FY2007 to FY2010.FAQ - About the Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS)
DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-19. As of FY2011, the project has been funded by the JST (

Japan Science and Technology Agency The Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST; Japanese: 科学技術振興機構) is a Japanese government agency which aims to build infrastructure that supports knowledge creation and dissemination in Japan. It is one of the , overseen by the Mi ...

Reception

Diagrams from Anatomography are used, for example, in Canadian science TV show Le code Chastenay, Internet encyclopedia Wikipedia, as lecture material in universities, and elsewhere to share knowledge.三橋信孝、藤枝香、今井紫緒、武藤勇、田村卓郎、川本祥子、高木利久、大久保公�
「BodyParts3DとAnatomography: 医学での情報共有を「動機付ける」素材」
シンポジウム「ライフサイエンスの未来へ～10年先のデータベースを考える～」/ Nobutaka Mitsuhashi, Kaori Fujieda, Shio Imai, Isamu Muto, Takuro Tamura, Shoko Kawamoto, Toshihisa Takagi and Kousaku Okubo "BodyParts3D and Anatomography: Materials motivating sharing information in medicine" Poster presentation at "Symposium: Toward the Future of Life Science - Thinking Databases of 10 Years Later" held in the University of Tokyo at 2010-10-05. Retrieved 2012-10-12. About usage of Anatomography on websites like Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons, developers say "spreading of usages by anonymous users on like Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons is what we had expected."

Technical features

BodyParts3D/Anatomography project uses the

Foundational Model of Anatomy The Foundational Model of Anatomy Ontology (FMA) is a reference ontology for the domain of Human anatomy. It is a symbolic representation of the canonical, phenotypic structure of an organism; a spatial-structural ontology of anatomical entities a ...

(FMA). The FMA is an open-source anatomical

ontology In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality. Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities exi ...

developed and maintained by the Structural Informatics Group at the

University of Washington The University of Washington (UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. Founded in 1861, Washington is one of the oldest universities on the West Coast; it was established in Seattl ...

. In BodyParts3D, each body-part is managed by an FMA identifier (FMAID) defined by the FMA. For example, the

vertebral column The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is part of the axial skeleton. The vertebral column is the defining characteristic of a vertebrate in which the notochord (a flexible rod of uniform composition) found in all chordate ...

is registered as
FMA13478
', the

temporal lobe The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain. The temporal lobe is involved in pro ...

is registered as
FMA61825
', and so on.

Version history

*Version 1.0 (Feb. 9, 2009) *Version 2.0 (Apr. 28, 2010) Total number of body parts is 1,324. *Version 3.0 (Jun. 20, 2011) Total number of body parts is 1,523. * Version 4.0 (May 16, 2013)

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Zygote Media Group ''Zygote Media Group'' is a 3D human anatomy content and technology company. Formed in 1994, with an initial emphasis oanatomically accurate 3D human modelsfor the entertainment industry, the company has since specialized in enhanced visualization ...

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Others

A few tutorial videos on using Anatomography are available on

YouTube YouTube is a global online video sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by Google, and is the second mo ...

, see

external links An internal link is a type of hyperlink on a web page to another page or resource, such as an image or document, on the same website or domain. Hyperlinks are considered either "external" or "internal" depending on their target or destinatio ...

Additional images

BodyParts3D ver.2.0.jpg, Bones and muscles. Anatomography rib cage and heart.png,

Heart The heart is a muscular organ in most animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to t ...

and its

blood vessel The blood vessels are the components of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the human body. These vessels transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to the tissues of the body. They also take waste and carbon dioxide away ...

s. Anatomography skull and eyeball.png,

Skull The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of four types of bone i.e., cranial bones, facial bones, ear ossicles and hyoid bone. However two parts are more prominent: the cranium and the mandible. In humans, th ...

and eyeballs. Frontal lobe animation.gif, Brain and

frontal lobe The frontal lobe is the largest of the four major lobes of the brain in mammals, and is located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere (in front of the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe). It is parted from the parietal lobe by a groove be ...

. Human right foot bones 3D print.jpg,

3D printing 3D printing or additive manufacturing is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model. It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified under computer co ...

of BodyParts3D foot bone data. Cervical vertebrae from BodyParts3D on MeshLab.png, Painting colors on cervical vertebrae polygon data, included in BodyParts3D data, using

MeshLab MeshLab is a 3D mesh processing software system that is oriented to the management and processing of unstructured large meshes and provides a set of tools for editing, cleaning, healing, inspecting, rendering, and converting these kinds of meshes ...

. BodyParts3D Blender.png, Downloaded BodyParts3D polygon data, edited with

Blender A blender (sometimes called a mixer or liquidiser in British English) is a kitchen and laboratory appliance used to mix, crush, purée or emulsify food and other substances. A stationary blender consists of a blender container with a rotating me ...

. Dr ohkubo.png, Chief director Kousaku Okubo at University of Tokyo conference.Conference "Balancing IP Protection and Data Sharing in Science" held at the University of Tokyo, 2009-10-05
Okubo's presentation in Japanese
, just before

Lawrence Lessig Lester Lawrence Lessig III (born June 3, 1961) is an American academic, attorney, and political activist. He is the Roy L. Furman Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and the former director of the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard ...

's lecture. Entire videos of each lecture are available on th
conference website's program schedule page (partly Japanese, partly English)
.

References

External links

Anatomography
* *{{YouTube, id=GXjXzYu4IMQ, title=How to use BodyParts3D / Anatomography 2010
Database Center for Life Science
Medical databases Anatomical simulation Japanese science websites Articles containing video clips Anatomy websites