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Arudy (; Gascon: Arudi) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques
department Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military *Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...
in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Arudyens'' or ''Arudyennes''. The commune has been awarded one flower by the ''National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom'' in the ''Competition of cities and villages in Bloom''.


Geography

Arudy is located in the
Ossau Valley The Ossau Valley (French: ''Vallée d'Ossau''; Gascon: ''Aussau'' / ''la vath d'Aussau'') is a valley of the France, French Pyrénées, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques ''departments of France, département''. Administration 18 communes of France, ...
on a bend on the Gave d'Ossau some 20 km south-east of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and 16 km south of
Gan The word Gan or the initials GAN may refer to: Places *Gan, a component of Hebrew placenames literally meaning "garden" China * Gan River (Jiangxi) * Gan River (Inner Mongolia), * Gan County, in Jiangxi province * Gansu, abbreviated ''Gā ...
. Access to the commune is by the D920 road from Buzy in the north passing through the commune just west of the town and continuing to Louvie-Juzon in the south. Access to the town is by the D53 connecting to the D920. The D287 also goes east from the town to join the D934 going north to
Sévignacq-Meyracq Sévignacq-Meyracq (; oc, Sevinhac e Meirac) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. See also * Ossau Valley *Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department The following is a list of the 546 Commun ...
. The D918 branches west from the D920 near the town and continues west through the north of the commune to Lurbe-Saint-Christau.Google Maps
/ref> The
SNCF The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (; abbreviated as SNCF ; French for "National society of French railroads") is France's national state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the country's national rail traffi ...
railway line from Buzy-en-Béarn - Laruns which passed through the commune was closed to traffic for passengers on 2 March 1969. A bus connection remained in place until 1 September 2009. Freight traffic between Buzy-en-Béarn and Arudy survived until 2003. The facilities have now been dismantled. The western hills of the commune are heavily forested with farmland in the valleys. The east of the commune in the Ossau Valley is mainly residential with some farmland.


Hydrography

Located in the Drainage basin of the
Adour The Adour (; eu, Aturri; oc, Ador) is a river in southwestern France. It rises in High-Bigorre (Pyrenees), in the commune of Aspin-Aure, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) near Bayonne. It is long, of which the uppermost ca. i ...
, the Gave d'Ossau forms the eastern border as it curves around the town and continues west, forming the northern border of the commune, to join the Gave d'Aspe to form the Gave d'Oloron at Oloron-Sainte-Marie. Many tributaries rise in the south of the commune and flow north to join the Gave d'Ossau including the ''Lamisou'', the ''Arrec de Baycabe'', the ''Ruisseau du Bois de Nougué'', the ''Arrec de Lacerbelle'', and the ''Ruisseau du Termy'' which forms the western border of the commune.


Places and Hamlets

* L'Abat (Drinking trough) * L'Abétat (Col de) * Anglès * Angous * Arrabiot * Arrouge (ruins) * L'Aubisqué * Bareilles * Barguères * Bélier * Bérastou * Bersaut (Ravine) * Béteilles * Blingou (Turoun - 433 metres) * Bordedela (spring) * Bourdeu * Brousset * Caillabère * Caillou-Marrau * Camanère * Carrey * Casajus * Cabanes de Castillou * Cazassus * Cortès-Granges * Crest (Lake) * Cumarty * Daré Bourdeu * Etchaux * Florence * Garrail * Cabane de Garrietche * Gerbadure (Col de - 1198 metres) * Goubert * Habarra * Heugacète (Col de) * Hondaa * Houn Barrade (Col de) * Hourgolle * Les Jardins d'Arudy * Jugist * Laborde (two places) * Lacoste * Lacrabère * Ladebeze * Granges Lafont * Lanne * Larroun * Lascoungues * Laüs * Lissert * Louraou (Drinking trough) * Loustau * Pouey Maou * Malarode * Manaut * Mancesta (Ravine) * Martouré * Maysonnave * Médalou * Miégaville * Mourlane * Cité Notre-Dame * Nougué * L'Oustalot * Pédestarrès (ruins) * Pène de Plou (468 metres) * Le Pic d'Ossau * Pierris * Pouts * Saint-Cricq * Saubiron * Sépé (Spring) * Séré * Soubirou * Soumabielles (ruins) * Terranère * Tilhou * Tocortoure * Trois-Auges (Fountain) * Le Turon (530 mètres) * Vignau * Le Zoum


Neighbouring communes and villages


Toponymy

The commune name in béarnais is ''Arudi''. According to
Michel Grosclaude Michel Grosclaude (; oc, Miquèu; 1926–2002) was a philosopher and French linguist, and an author of works on grammar, lexicography and Occitan onomastics. Biography Born on 8 July 1926 in Nancy at (Meurthe-et-Moselle). He was the son of ...
the name comes from the basque ''harr'' ("stone" or "rock") and ''uri'' ("town"). The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune. Sources: * Raymond:''
''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011
*Grosclaude: ''Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn'', 2006
Michel Grosclaude Michel Grosclaude (; oc, Miquèu; 1926–2002) was a philosopher and French linguist, and an author of works on grammar, lexicography and Occitan onomastics. Biography Born on 8 July 1926 in Nancy at (Meurthe-et-Moselle). He was the son of ...
, ''Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn'', Edicions reclams & Édition Cairn - 2006, 416 pages,
*Cassini:
Cassini Map The Cassini Map or Academy's Map is the first topographic and geometric map made of the Kingdom of France as a whole. It was compiled by the Cassini family, mainly César-François Cassini (Cassini III) and his son Jean-Dominique Cassini (Ca ...
from 1750Cassini Map 1750 – Arudy
/ref> Origins: *Ossau: Titles of the Ossau Valley *Pardies: Notaries of Pardies (
Monein Monein (; oc, Monenh) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. Geography Neighbouring Communes *North: Lahourcade and Pardies *West: Lucq-de-Béarn and Cardesse *South: Estialescq and Lasseube *East: Auberti ...
)Notaries of Pardies (
Monein Monein (; oc, Monenh) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. Geography Neighbouring Communes *North: Lahourcade and Pardies *West: Lucq-de-Béarn and Cardesse *South: Estialescq and Lasseube *East: Auberti ...
) in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
*Chéronnet: Bernard ChéronnetBernard Chéronnet, ''Review of Pau and Bearn'', No. 16, 1989 *Luntz: Contracts retained by Luntz *Reformation: Reformation of BéarnManuscript from the 16th to 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Insinuations: Insinuations of the
Diocese of Oloron The former Roman Catholic Diocese of Oloron was a Latin rite bishopric in Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, Aquitaine region of south-west France, from the 6th to the 19th century. History The diocese of Oleron already existed in the 6th cen ...
Manuscripts from the 17th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Census: Census of BéarnManuscript from the 14th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Marca: Pierre de Marca, ''History of Béarn''. Pierre de Marca,
Histoire de Bearn
', La Veuve Jean Camusat, 1640, 850 pages


History

The first traces of civilisation in the commune date to Prehistory or more precisely to the
Magdalenian The Magdalenian cultures (also Madelenian; French: ''Magdalénien'') are later cultures of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic in western Europe. They date from around 17,000 to 12,000 years ago. It is named after the type site of La Madele ...
period. Excavations in four caves in the commune (Maladore, Poeymaü, Saint-Michel, and Espalungue) uncovered bones, tools, and many snail shells. The village of Eruri or Aruri was mentioned at the beginning of the 13th century. It was from the beginning of that time that the Ossau Union was created which permitted relative independence for the communes in the valley until the French Revolution. Paul Raymond noted on page 14 of his 1863 dictionary that the commune had a
Lay Abbey Lay may refer to: Places *Lay Range, a subrange of mountains in British Columbia, Canada *Lay, Loire, a French commune *Lay (river), France * Lay, Iran, a village *Lay, Kansas, United States, an unincorporated community People * Lay (surname) * ...
, vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn, with 86 fires and depended on the
bailiwick A bailiwick () is usually the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff, and once also applied to territories in which a privately appointed bailiff exercised the sheriff's functions under a royal or imperial writ. The bailiwick is probably modelled on th ...
of Ossau. It was in the 19th century that economic growth started in the commune. Sawmills and Marble quarries were created which provided a living to several hundred people. One quarry still operates today. On 29 February 1980 Arudy was the epicentre of an earthquake measuring 5.2 on the Richter scale and 7.5 on the MSK scale which damaged many buildings in the town. The college had to be rebuilt.


Heraldry


Administration

List of Successive Mayors


Inter-communality

The commune is part of six inter-communal structures: * the Communauté de communes de la Vallée d'Ossau; * the local public management agency; * the association for the perception of Arudy; * the water association for the Ossau Valley; * the electrification association for Bas-Ossau; * the SIVU for sanitation for the Ossau Valley;


Demography

In 2017 the commune had 2,229 inhabitants.


Economy

Arudy has diverse economic activities: *the commune has a large sheep breeding centre and strong activity related to hunting. Arudy forms part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone designation of
Ossau-iraty Ossau-Iraty is an Occitan-Basque cheese made from sheep milk. Origin Ossau-Iraty or Esquirrou is produced in south-western France, in the Northern Basque Country and in Béarn. Its name reflects its geographical location, the Ossau Valley in Bé ...
; *the commune conserves and operates marble (gray-black) and limestone quarry sites. The Church of St. Severus in
Assat Assat is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France. It is located at the foot of the Pyrenees. Assat station has rail connections to Tarbes, Pau, Bordeaux and Bayonne. This little bastide was built at the end of ...
, for example, was built in 1873 with Arudy limestone; *There are wood and marble working industries; *the Messier industrial foundry, a subsidiary of Ventana Aerospace Group, employs approximately 200 people. The foundry produces alloys of magnesium- thorium intended for the aviation industry. The machining of these materials has resulted in the production of waste containing thorium. 13.3 tonnes of the residue of thorium-magnesium alloys (Grime from the foundry, shavings from machining, miscellaneous scrap, etc.) are stored in a special location with a radioactivity of 1.9 GBq from thorium-232. The company faces economic difficulties and has been placed in a ''Judicial Recovery'' procedure by the Commercial Court on the 1 April 2010. The Commercial Court of Pau approved exit from the Judicial recovery safeguard procedure proposed by management and the court administrators of the Messier foundry in July 2011. Messier Foundry is a prime contractor in the ''CARAIBE'' collaborative project approved by the Aerospace Valley ''Pôle de compétitivité'' group and funded by the ''Fonds unique interministériel'' (Single inter-ministerial funds) programme.


Culture and heritage


Civil heritage

The Hôtel Pouts (17th century) is registered as an historical monument. It is an ancient
Lay Abbey Lay may refer to: Places *Lay Range, a subrange of mountains in British Columbia, Canada *Lay, Loire, a French commune *Lay (river), France * Lay, Iran, a village *Lay, Kansas, United States, an unincorporated community People * Lay (surname) * ...
which later became a police station. The building was renovated in 1971 to house a museum: the ''Maison d'Ossau''. The Maison d'Ossau museum in the Hôtel Pouts displays regional archaeological collections, specimens of flora and fauna of the Pyrenees, and local costumes. Arudy has 16th and 17th century houses, a bridge said to be Roman, and Lavoirs (public laundries) from the 19th century.


Religious heritage

File:Arudy chapelle.JPG, Chapel dedicated to the Archangel Saint Michel File:Arudy croix.JPG, Cross dedicated to the Archangel Saint Michel File:Arudy falaise.JPG, Cliff above the Chapel Saint-Michel The Church of Saint-Germain (12th century, renovated in the 19th century) contains several items classified as historical objects: *A Statue: Saint Germain (17th century) *A Painting: Saint Germain the Auxerrois at prayer (17th century) *A Retable on the main altar (17th century) *A Processional cross: Saint Lucie (18th century) *A
Paschal Candlestick Paschal is used as a name. Paschal, a variant of Pascal, from Latin ''Paschalis'', is an adjective describing either the Easter or Passover holidays. People known as Paschal include: Popes and religious figures * Antipope Paschal (687), a riv ...
(17th century) The interior of the chapel of Saint-Michel is decorated with paintings by Pierre Martinez.


Environmental heritage

The ''Abétat'' peaks at 1204 metres, the ''Gerbadure'' at 1254m, the ''Soum Counée'' at 1361m, the ''Bersaut'' at 1368m, the ''Hourquettes de Baygrand'' at 1386m, the ''Senzouens'' (or the ''Breque'') at 1392m, and the ''Pic d'Escurets'' at 1440m.Géoportail
IGN ''IGN'' (formerly ''Imagine Games Network'') is an American video game and entertainment media website operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis, Inc. The company's headquarters is located in San Francisco's SoMa distri ...
, consulted on 12 March 2012


Amenities


Education

The town has a public college, and one primary school. Another private primary school has been closed since the beginning of September 2011.


Sports and sports facilities

*ES ArudyES Arudy website
is a
Rugby Rugby may refer to: Sport * Rugby football in many forms: ** Rugby league: 13 players per side *** Masters Rugby League *** Mod league *** Rugby league nines *** Rugby league sevens *** Touch (sport) *** Wheelchair rugby league ** Rugby union: 1 ...
club which plays in
Fédérale 3 Fédérale 3 is the seventh division of rugby union in France. The competition involves 226 clubs in 21 pools of 8, and winners can progress up into higher division of competition. The competition above Fédérale 3 is Fédérale 2 and above that, ...
; *TCO tennis club provides coaching by a qualified instructor. They have three tennis courts: one clay court and two fast courts; *The Arudy rock-climbing school is one of the busiest in the region. It consists of three main areas with over a hundred climbing routes fitted out.


Notable people linked to the commune

* Jean Darriule, born on 16 November 1774 at Arudy, was a French Lieutenant-General. His name features on the
Arc de Triomphe The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile (, , ; ) is one of the most famous monuments in Paris, France, standing at the western end of the Champs-Élysées at the centre of Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly named Place de l'Étoile—the ''étoile'' ...
in Paris. * Georges Penabert, born on 23 April 1825 at Arudy * Édouard Piette, born in 1827, directed the Upper Paleolithic excavation site in Arudy. *
Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq (25 April 1884 Arudy, Pyrénées-Atlantiques – 13 May 1928 Peyrehorade, Landes) was a French road bicycle racer between 1900 and 1910. Dortignacq won seven stages in four Tour de France events. He only competed i ...
, born on 25 April 1884 at Arudy, he was a
road racing cyclist Road bicycle racing is the cycle sport discipline of road cycling, held primarily on paved roads. Road racing is the most popular professional form of bicycle racing, in terms of numbers of competitors, events and spectators. The two most common ...
. *
Robert Barran The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...
, born on 13 January 1918 at Arudy, he was a Rugby league and Rugby union player. *
Georges Laplace Georges may refer to: Places *Georges River, New South Wales, Australia *Georges Quay (Dublin) *Georges Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania Other uses *Georges (name) * ''Georges'' (novel), a novel by Alexandre Dumas * "Georges" (song), a 1977 ...
, French
anthropologist An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and ...
, born in 1918 and died in 2004 at Pau, in 1970 he founded the centre for stratigraphic Paleo-ethnology at Arudy.


Bibliography

*René Arripe, ''Ossau 1900: The Canton of Arudy'', Loubatières, Toulouse, 1990 *René Arripe, ''Ossau Valley 2000: The Canton of Arudy'', R. Arripe, 2004, 782 pages


See also

*
Ossau Valley The Ossau Valley (French: ''Vallée d'Ossau''; Gascon: ''Aussau'' / ''la vath d'Aussau'') is a valley of the France, French Pyrénées, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques ''departments of France, département''. Administration 18 communes of France, ...
* Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department * Route nationale 618 * Col d'Aubisque


References


External links


''Arudy'' on the 1750 Cassini Map
{{authority control Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques