Arbonne (; eu, Arbona) is a

commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

in the

Pyrénées-Atlantiques Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; eu, Pirinio Atlantiarrak or ) is a department in the southwest corner of France and of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlant ...

department in the

Nouvelle-Aquitaine Nouvelle-Aquitaine (; oc, Nòva Aquitània or ; eu, Akitania Berria; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Novéle-Aguiéne'') is the largest administrative region in France, spanning the west and southwest of the mainland. The region was created by ...

region of southwestern

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Arbonars'' Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, ''Dictionary of place names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques'', 2009, Archives and Culture,

Geography

Arbonne is located some 6 km south of Biarritz and 3 km east of

Bidart Bidart (; eu, Bidarte)BIDARTE

Labourd. Access to the commune is by road D255 from Biarritz in the north passing through the village and continuing south to

Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle (, literally ''Saint-Pée on Nivelle''; eu, Senpere)SENPERE

Ahetze Ahetze () is a village and a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France. The commune is part of the urban area of Bayonne, and of the traditional Basque province of Labourd.

. The A63 autoroute passes through the northern tip of the commune but has no access from the commune. In the south of the commune is the hamlet of Le Hameau d'Arbonne. The rest of the commune is mainly farmland with patches of forest especially in the north. Located in the

drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...

of the Adour, the commune is traversed by the

Uhabia The Uhabia or Ouhabia is a coastal river of the French Basque Country, in Aquitaine, southwest France. It is long. Geography It rises at ''Goizbide'' in the woods above Ustaritz and Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, where it is known as the ''Apala ...

, a small coastal river that flows into the ocean at

Bidart Bidart (; eu, Bidarte)BIDARTE

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Places and Hamlets

* Aguerrea * Alhorga * Allexarrea * Arditegia * Arretxea * Berrueta * Cassoua * Diharzenea * Etchardia * Guichenea * Gure Egoitza * le Hameau d'Arbonne * Harriague * Hegoasea * Katalienea * Kuttuenea * Larreburua * Magnienea * Menta * Mestelan Beherea * Mestelania * Moleresia * Mundustenea * Pemartikoborda * Pemartin * Perukain * La Place * le Pouy * Saskoenea * Tribulenea * Xantxienea * Xokobia * Ziburria * Ziburriako Errota

Toponymy

The commune name in

Basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ...

is ''Arbona''. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval indicated that Arbona'' meant "place of tree stumps". The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune. Sources: *

Raymond Raymond is a male given name. It was borrowed into English from French (older French spellings were Reimund and Raimund, whereas the modern English and French spellings are identical). It originated as the Germanic ᚱᚨᚷᛁᚾᛗᚢᚾᛞ ( ...

:''
''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 Origins: *Bayonne:

Cartulary A cartulary or chartulary (; Latin: ''cartularium'' or ''chartularium''), also called ''pancarta'' or ''codex diplomaticus'', is a medieval manuscript volume or roll (''rotulus'') containing transcriptions of original documents relating to the fo ...

of Bayonne or ''Livre d'Or'' (Book of Gold)Manuscript from the 14th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Collations: Collations of the

Diocese of Bayonne The Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar, and Oloron, commonly Diocese of Bayonne, (Latin: ''Dioecesis Baionensis, Lascurrensis et Oloronensis''; French: ''Diocèse de Bayonne, Lescar et Oloron''; Basque: ''Baionako, Leskarreko eta Oloroeko elizbarrutia'') ...

Manuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Chapter: Titles of the Chapter of BayonneChapter of Bayonne in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Intendance: Intendance of PauTitles of the intendance of Pau - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques

History

The oldest lord of Arbonne whose names are known are from the Sault family, Viscounts of Labourd. At the end of the 14th century the lordship was owned by the Saint-Julien family (originally from

Lower Navarre Lower Navarre ( eu, Nafarroa Beherea/Baxenabarre; Gascon/Bearnese: ''Navarra Baisha''; french: Basse-Navarre ; es, Baja Navarra) is a traditional region of the present-day French ''département'' of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. It corresponds to the ...

) and then in 1408 to the Amezqueta family. The Act of 4 March 1790,Philippe Veyrin, ''The Basques'', Arthaud, 1947, reprinted 1975, , p. 185 which determined the new administrative landscape of France by creating departments and districts, created the Department of Basses-Pyrénées to bring together Béarn, the Gascon lands in Bayonne and

Bidache Bidache (; ; )BIDAXUNE

, and three French Basque provinces. For these three provinces three districts were created: Mauléon, Saint-Palais, and

Ustaritz Ustaritz (; eu, Uztaritze) is a town in the traditional French Basque Country, Basque province of Labourd, now a Communes of France, commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Departments of France, department, southwestern France. It is located on ...

which replaced the Bailiwick of Labourd. The seat of Ustaritz was transferred almost immediately to Bayonne. Its Directorate pushed many municipalities into adopting new names conforming to the spirit of the

Revolution In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...

. Arbonne was called ''Constante'',.

became ''Marat-sur-Nive'',

Itxassou Itxassou (; Basque ''Itsasu'')ITSASU
Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry (; eu, Baigorri)BAIGORRI
Saint-Palais ''Mont-Bidouze'',

Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port (literally "Saint John t theFoot of hePass"; eu, Donibane Garazi; es, San Juan Pie de Puerto) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It is close to Ostabat in the Pyrenean footh ...

''Nive-Franche'',

Louhossoa Louhossoa (; eu, Luhuso)LUHUSO
Saint-Jean-de-Luz Saint-Jean-de-Luz (; eu, Donibane Lohitzune,Donibane Lohitzune
Ainhoa ''Mendiarte'', and

Souraïde Souraïde (; eu, Zuraide)ZURAIDE

Hubert Lamant-Duhart in ''Arbonne, Arbona'', Collective work under the direction of Hubert Lamant-Duhart, Ekaina, 1988, p. 213 ; Mayors from 1943

Inter-communality

Arbonne is part of nine inter-communal structures: * the

Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque The communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque ( eu, Euskal Hirigune Elkargoa), is the ''communauté d'agglomération'', an intercommunal structure, centred on the cities of Bayonne and Biarritz. It is located in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques depa ...

; * the SIVOM of Arbonne-Arcangues-Bassussarry; * the SIVU of Arbonne-Bidart; * the Ouhabia association; * the mixed association of Bizi Garbia; * the Association for promotion of basque culture; * the mixed association for management of Ura drinking water; * the mixed association for sanitation in Ura; * the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. The commune is part of the ''Eurocité basque Bayonne-San Sebastian'' ( fr) (a cross-border association to develop the area from Bayonne in France to San Sebastian in Spain).

Demography

In 2017 the commune had 2,223 inhabitants.

Economy

The commune is part of the

Appellation d'origine contrôlée An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication primarily used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown, although other types of food often have appellations as well. Restrictions other than geographical bou ...

(AOC) zone of

Ossau-iraty Ossau-Iraty is an Occitan- Basque cheese made from sheep milk. Origin Ossau-Iraty or Esquirrou is produced in south-western France, in the Northern Basque Country and in Béarn. Its name reflects its geographical location, the Ossau Valley in B ...

Culture and heritage

According to the ''Map of the Seven Basque Provinces'' by Prince

Louis-Lucien Bonaparte Louis Lucien Bonaparte (4 January 1813 – 3 November 1891) was a French philologist. The third son of Napoleon's second surviving brother, Lucien Bonaparte, he spent much of his life outside France for political reasons. After a brief politica ...

the

basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ...

dialect spoken in Arbonne is northern Upper Navarrese

Religious heritage

The commune has two buildings that are registered as historical monuments: *The Church of Saint-Laurent (12th century). It is of a medium size with an arched Bell-gable characteristic of Labourd religious buildings. Some old

Hilarri Hilarri (from Basque ''hil'' 'dead' and ''harri'' 'stone') is the name given to disk-shaped funerary steles that are typical of the Basque Country. These funerary steles present a disc-shaped head facing the rising sun on a trapezoidal sta ...

are visible in the cemetery. *The old Benoîterie d'Arbonne (16th century)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée The Benoîterie was the residence of the ''Benoîte'' or guardian of the church and cemetery and is now the venue for exhibitions (paintings, crafts).

Facilities

;Health The commune has a general practitioner, three nurses, a speech therapist, a physiotherapist, and a dentist - all in the village centre. ;Education Arbonne has two primary schools, one public and one private (Saint-Laurent school)

Notable people linked to the commune

Jean Borotra Jean Laurent Robert Borotra (, ; 13 August 1898 – 17 July 1994) was a French tennis champion. He was one of the " Four Musketeers" from his country who dominated tennis in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Borotra was imprisoned in Itter Castle ...

- called the ''Basque bondissant'' (the Bounding Basque), born in 1898 at Biarritz and died in 1994 at Arbonne, a tennis player and French politician *Bernard Béreau, born in 1940 at Arbonne and died in 2005, he was a French footballer *Marie-Michèle Beaufils, born in 1949 at Arbonne, she is a contemporary writer