Anhaux ()ANHAUZE

Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia Pic d'Anie (Basque Auñamendi) is a mountain of the Pyrenees in France, located close to the Spanish border. It is high. The mountain boasts an almost perfect pyramidal shape and is surrounded by the spectacular karst landscape of. ''Larra'', i ...

is a

commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

in the

Pyrénées-Atlantiques Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; eu, Pirinio Atlantiarrak or ) is a department in the southwest corner of France and of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlant ...

department in the

Nouvelle-Aquitaine Nouvelle-Aquitaine (; oc, Nòva Aquitània or ; eu, Akitania Berria; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Novéle-Aguiéne'') is the largest administrative region in France, spanning the west and southwest of the mainland. The region was created by ...

region of south-western

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

. It is part of the former province of

Lower Navarre Lower Navarre ( eu, Nafarroa Beherea/Baxenabarre; Gascon/Bearnese: ''Navarra Baisha''; french: Basse-Navarre ; es, Baja Navarra) is a traditional region of the present-day French ''département'' of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. It corresponds to the ...

. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Anhauztar''.

Geography

Anhaux is located some 2 km west of

Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port (literally "Saint John t theFoot of hePass"; eu, Donibane Garazi; es, San Juan Pie de Puerto) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It is close to Ostabat in the Pyrenean footh ...

and some 10 km south of

Ossès Ossès (; eu, Ortzaize)ORTZAIZE

Nive The Nive (; eu, Errobi; oc, Niva) is a French river that flows through the French Basque Country. It is a left tributary of the river Adour. It is long. The river's source in the Pyrenees in Lower Navarre. The river Nive was made famous by t ...

( Adour

drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...

). The ''Ontzeroneker erreka - a tributary of the ''Nive d'Arnéguy'' - with many tributaries rising in the commune forms the southern border with Lasse commune. A right tributary of the ''Berroko erreka'', the ''Aparraineko erreka'' flows down from the Artzaïnharria (971 m).

Localities and hamlets

The Napoleonic land registry divided the commune into 16 districts in 1840: ;Districts in Section A called The Village *village *church *Berterretcheco bordaldia *Chubitoa *Espillacoborda *Lececo borda *Mendione *Ourdoy ;Districts in Section B called Honçaron *Elhorichury *Haspalaunecoborda *Laco *Listour Erreca *Mounocabal *Mounhoa *Olheguy *Tambourinanea Heguy was an old district, extending that of Choubitoa. Today, the following localities are listed:Géoportail

IGN ''IGN'' (formerly ''Imagine Games Network'') is an American video game and entertainment media website operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis, Inc. The company's headquarters is located in San Francisco's SoMa distri ...

*Alcateneko Borda *Amigna *Aparrainéko Ithurria *Apezteguikoborda *Azaldeyko Borda *Béharria *Berteretchéko Borda *Bidartea *Bidarteko Borda *Biraburuko Borda *Bordachuria *Chochuaénéa *Chochuainea *Chokoa *Chuberaénéa *Chubitoa *Curutchaldéa *Erratchuénéa *Erdoyko Borda *Erguinéko Borda *Etcherriko Borda *Etchéverriko Borda *Eyhérartéko Borda *Eyherartia *Haspelanéko Borda *Hiriartéa *Idioïnéko Borda *Lacoa *Laxagua *Lazkoborda *Maldacharréko Borda *Minhondoko Borda *Nignigna *Peilloénéa *Col Urdanzia *Urchiloko Borda *Urdiako Lepoa

Toponymy

The commune name in

basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ...

is ''Anhauze''. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, ''Dictionary of place names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques'', 2009, Archives and Culture, proposed a basque origin of ''ona-oz'', meaning "place of the hill". The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune. Sources: *Grosclaude: ''Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn'', 2006

Michel Grosclaude Michel Grosclaude (; oc, Miquèu; 1926–2002) was a philosopher and French linguist, and an author of works on grammar, lexicography and Occitan onomastics. Biography Born on 8 July 1926 in Nancy at (Meurthe-et-Moselle). He was the son of ...

, ''Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn'', Edicions reclams & Édition Cairn - 2006, 416 pages, *

Raymond Raymond is a male given name. It was borrowed into English from French (older French spellings were Reimund and Raimund, whereas the modern English and French spellings are identical). It originated as the Germanic ᚱᚨᚷᛁᚾᛗᚢᚾᛞ ( ...

:''
''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 Origins: *Mérimée: Presentation of the CommuneMinistry of Culture, Mérimée *Pamplona: Titles of

Pamplona Pamplona (; eu, Iruña or ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain. It is also the third-largest city in the greater Basque cultural region. Lying at near above ...

Titles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda *Biscay: Martin Biscay *Collations: Collations of the

Diocese of Bayonne The Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar, and Oloron, commonly Diocese of Bayonne, (Latin: ''Dioecesis Baionensis, Lascurrensis et Oloronensis''; French: ''Diocèse de Bayonne, Lescar et Oloron''; Basque: ''Baionako, Leskarreko eta Oloroeko elizbarrutia'') ...

Manuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques

History

Anhaux village is one of eleven hamlets or villages which were in the Baigorry Valley. In the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

, the eleven hamlets were: Ascarat, Sorhoeta, Moussourits, Lasse, Irouleguy, Urdos, Leispars, Occos, Oticoren, Guermiette, and Anhauz, all in the north of the valley. The south was not populated until much later. Despite sounding Basque, the name of this village seems to defy all analysis. The oldest document known on which the name Anhaux appears is now the cartulary of the abbey of Saint-Jean of Sorde where it appears in the 10th century. Father Haristoy in his book ''Research on the Basque Country'' noted that recorded in this cartulary were: *"1068-1072 Oz Guilhem de Onotz and his wife received from Saint-Jean a piece of land located at Anhaux subject to they and their successors providing security and seven loaves, one pig, one pint of wine, and two measures of provisions"; *"1072-1100 Fort Garcies de Onoz with his wife Farguild, and son undertook to give in perpetuity to Saint-Jean (of Sordes) six loaves, two measures of cider, and two ''civades''". The

Benedictine , image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , foun ...

Abbey in question was founded in the 9th century north-east of Navarre. It was, as with all the monasteries at the time, a vast agricultural area spread along the mountain streams in Orthe country and lower Navarre and, according to the two cited references, in the parish of Anhaux. It was around 1023 that King Sancho III of Navarre founded the fief of the Viscounty of Baigory in favour of Garcias Lop who was related. The creation of the hamlet itself, on the viscounts' lands, therefore dates back to this period. Thus from the 11th century the status of houses at Anhaux was defined by the writer Jean-Baptiste Orpustan. He provided a list of houses existing in the Middle Ages in Anhaux. This document was created from the archives from 1350, 1366, and 1412. Of the twenty-eight houses found there, four were noble (only the house was noble and so the owners were considered as such), the others were ''fivatiéres'' which means that they paid a fee in crops, work, or money and were built on the land of the "Lord" of the main house. The successive Viscounts of Baigorry then of Echaux enjoyed the tithes of the village until their liquidation in 1792. The arms Anhaux are those of the Apesteguy family. They were adopted by the municipal council on 30 July 1993. Pierre Haristoy wrote that the Apesteguy were lords of Jaureguia and of Anhaux and nominated the priest for the area. In deeds before 1670 several of the Apesteguy appear as noble. Towards 1720 Jean-Pierre d'Apesteguy was received by the States of Navarre. The house of Apesteguia was, until the 18th century, the

Lay Abbey Lay may refer to: Places *Lay Range, a subrange of mountains in British Columbia, Canada *Lay, Loire, a French commune * Lay (river), France * Lay, Iran, a village *Lay, Kansas, United States, an unincorporated community People * Lay (surname) ...

for the area. Its members played an important role in the valley until the end of the 19th century. The Cassini map, made in the 18th century shows a parish consisting of: *the village of Anhaux with a parish church; *the hamlet of Choubitoua: currently a district of the same name; *the hamlet of Bassabouria: currently the Olheguy district; *the hamlet of Ounsaharte: currently the Lacoa district; *the hamlet of Ançonne: currently the Tambourine district and part of the Mounhoa district on the slopes of Arrola peak.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Inter-communality

Anhaux commune participates in eight inter-communal structures: * the

Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque The communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque ( eu, Euskal Hirigune Elkargoa), is the ''communauté d'agglomération'', an intercommunal structure, centred on the cities of Bayonne and Biarritz. It is located in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques depa ...

; * the SIVOS of Garazi; * the SIVU Hiruen Artean; * the Inter-communal association for the development and management of the abattoir of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port; * the joint association for the watershed of the Nive; * the association to support Basque culture; * the AEP association of Irouleguy-Anhaux; * the energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

Demography

In 2017 the commune had 387 inhabitants.

Economy

The commune is part of the

Appellation d'origine contrôlée An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication primarily used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown, although other types of food often have appellations as well. Restrictions other than geographical bou ...

(AOC) of

Irouléguy Irouléguy (; eu, Irulegi) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre. It is mainly known for the Irouléguy AOC wine which is grown on the vineyard ...

and also the AOC of

Ossau-iraty Ossau-Iraty is an Occitan- Basque cheese made from sheep milk. Origin Ossau-Iraty or Esquirrou is produced in south-western France, in the Northern Basque Country and in Béarn. Its name reflects its geographical location, the Ossau Valley in B ...

. Economic activity is principally agricultural.

Culture and heritage

Languages

According to the Map of the Seven Provinces edited in 1863 by Prince

Louis-Lucien Bonaparte Louis Lucien Bonaparte (4 January 1813 – 3 November 1891) was a French philologist. The third son of Napoleon's second surviving brother, Lucien Bonaparte, he spent much of his life outside France for political reasons. After a brief politica ...

, the

dialect spoken in Anhaux is western

Civil heritage

The commune has a number of buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments: *The Jauregia house (14th century) *The Laxaga house (15th century)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée *The Eiherartia farmhouse (1730)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée *Houses and Farms (18th - 20th century)

Religious heritage

The Church of Saint John the Baptist (Middle Ages) is registered as an historical monument.Ministry of Culture, Mérimée It was almost entirely rebuilt in 1838. Its cemetery has some

Hilarri Hilarri (from Basque ''hil'' 'dead' and ''harri'' 'stone') is the name given to disk-shaped funerary steles that are typical of the Basque Country. These funerary steles present a disc-shaped head facing the rising sun on a trapezoidal sta ...

. ;Hilarri in the Cemetery: Image:Anhaux Stèle1.JPG Image:Anhaux Stèle2.JPG

Environmental Heritage

*The Adartza (1,250m) is a mountain located between Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry, Lasse, and Anhaux. *The Artzaïnharria is 971m high *The Arrolakoharria, between Banca, Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry, and Anhaux, is 1,060m high. *The Munhoa (or Monhoa) (1,021m) is a mountain located between Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry and

. It can be accessed via Anhaux, Lasse, or Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry by the

GR10 GR 10 is a French GR footpath, or hiking trail, that runs the length of the Pyrenees Mountains. It roughly parallels the French–Spanish border on the French side. Those attempting the entire trail often choose to walk it from west to east, from ...

Notable people linked to the commune

Jean Iraçabal, born in 1851 at Anhaux and died in 1929 (buried at

Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry (; eu, Baigorri)BAIGORRI
Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department The following is a list of the 546 communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):''Anhaux'' on the 1750 Cassini Map
{{authority control Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Lower Navarre