Amendeuix-Oneix () is a

commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

in the

Pyrénées-Atlantiques Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; eu, Pirinio Atlantiarrak or ) is a department in the southwest corner of France and of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlant ...

department in the

Nouvelle-Aquitaine Nouvelle-Aquitaine (; oc, Nòva Aquitània or ; eu, Akitania Berria; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Novéle-Aguiéne'') is the largest administrative region in France, spanning the west and southwest of the mainland. The region was created by ...

region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics ( physical geography), human impact characteristics ( human geography), and the interaction of humanity an ...

in southwestern

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Amendüztar''. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, Dictionary of place-names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2009, Archives and Culture,

Geography

Amendeuix-Oneix is located some 50 km east by south-east of Bayonne and 40 km south-west of

Orthez Orthez (; eu, Ortheze; oc, Ortès, ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, and region of New Aquitaine, southwestern France. It lies 40 km NW of Pau on the Southern railway to Bayonne. The town also encompasses the sm ...

in the Mixe country in the former Basque province of

Lower Navarre Lower Navarre ( eu, Nafarroa Beherea/Baxenabarre; Gascon/Bearnese: ''Navarra Baisha''; french: Basse-Navarre ; es, Baja Navarra) is a traditional region of the present-day French ''département'' of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. It corresponds to the ...

. The village can be accessed by the D124 road from Garris in the west passing northeast to the village then continuing north to join the D29. The D11 road also passes through the south of the commune from Garris to Saint-Palais. The small D511 road links the D11 to the D124 within the commune.Google Maps
/ref>

Hydrography

Located in the Drainage divide of the Adour, the northern part of the eastern border of the commune is the Bidouze which flows north to join the Adour west of

Peyrehorade Peyrehorade (; oc, Pèirahorada) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises ...

. The southern part of the eastern border consists of the ''Joyeuse'' with many tributaries rising in the commune including the ''Algueruko erreka'', the ''Sallarteko erreka'', and the ''Soubiaga erreka''. The ''Aitzeguerris'' rises just south of the village and flows into the Bidouze.

Localities and hamlets

*Amendeuix *Arkausia *Arlania *Arrosteguia *Autrichia *Berhabia *Bidainia *Bordaberria *Candelenia *Errecartia *Etcheberria *Etchetto *Eyheraetcheberry *Gaponteguia *Goitia *Guillenteguia *Hiriberry *Inchaursague *Iribarnia *Jauberria *Jauhenia *Landaçaharia *Larregoyen *Lauhiteya *Mantunia *Oneix *Oyhamburia *Peco-Berthoua *Postateya *Sabrenia *Salla *Vivienborda Géoportail

IGN ''IGN'' (formerly ''Imagine Games Network'') is an American video game and entertainment media website operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis, Inc. The company's headquarters is located in San Francisco's SoMa distri ...

Toponymy

The current

Basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ...

name is ''Amendüze-Unaso''. Jean-Baptiste Orpustan suggested that Oneix means the 'place of abundant hills'. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval however suggested that Oneix came from the Basque ''Unanu'' which means the

Asphodelus ''Asphodelus'' is a genus of mainly perennial flowering plants in the asphodel family Asphodelaceae that was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. The genus was formerly included in the lily family (Liliaceae). The genus is native to tempera ...

(plant) and signifies a "place where the asphodelus is abundant. She also suggested that the origin of Amendeuix was Aquitane-Roman to designate a noble domain. The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune. Sources: *Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan
''New Basque Toponymy''
ref name="Orpustan">Jean-Baptiste Orpustan
''New Basque Toponymy''
Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, 246 pages, *

Raymond Raymond is a male given name. It was borrowed into English from French (older French spellings were Reimund and Raimund, whereas the modern English and French spellings are identical). It originated as the Germanic ᚱᚨᚷᛁᚾᛗᚢᚾᛞ ( ...

:''
''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 *Cassini: Cassini Map from 1750Cassini Map 1750 – Amendeuix-Oneix
/ref> Origins: *Notaries: Notaries of

Labastide-Villefranche Labastide-Villefranche (; eu, Bastidaxarre; oc, La Bastida) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department The following is a list of the 546 comm ...

Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Pamplona: Titles of

Pamplona Pamplona (; eu, Iruña or ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain. It is also the third-largest city in the greater Basque cultural region. Lying at near above ...

Titles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda *Pau: Titles of the Chamber of the Counts of PauTitles of the Chamber of the Counts of Pau in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Biscay: Martin Biscay

History

In the 16th century (1594), evidence of witchcraft was reported by an admonition to the States of Navarre by the Prosecutor of Mixe (together with those of Arberoue, Ostabaret,

Irissarry Irissarry (; eu, Irisarri) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department and Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France. It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre. See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques ...

Ossès Ossès (; eu, Ortzaize)ORTZAIZE

Baigorri, and

La Bastide-Clairence La Bastide-Clairence (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Bastidots'' or ''Bastidotes''. The village is a member of th ...

), who complained of a lack of prosecution and requesting that each town or district of Lower Navarre elect "two men of good character who are not suspects to find and punish the perpetrators of these crimes of witchcraft, apostasy, and magic: to be joined with the people of Roy and all at the expense of those convicted or, in case of insolvency, to those countries and places which will be instructed". Part of this admonition followed a request from the inhabitants of Amendeuix dating from 1587 who claimed to have been victims of "spells that were manifested mainly by evil barking". The village of Oneix joined with Amendeuix to form the commune of Amendeuix-Oneix on 27 August 1846.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Inter-Communality

The commune belongs to seven inter-communal structures: *the

Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque The communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque ( eu, Euskal Hirigune Elkargoa), is the ''communauté d'agglomération'', an intercommunal structure, centred on the cities of Bayonne and Biarritz. It is located in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques depa ...

*the AEP Association for Mixe country *the sanitation association for Saint-Palais - Luxe-Sumberraute *the association for school buses of Amendeuix-Oneix and Gabat *the energy association for Pyrénées-Atlantiques; *the inter-communal association for the operation of schools in Amikuze *the association to support Basque culture

Demography

In 1350 nine ''

fires Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition point, flames are pr ...

'' were reported in Oneix and 15-18 in Amendeuix.Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, Collective work, ''Amikuze-Mixe Country'', Éditions Izpegi, 1992, , p. 77 The fiscal census of 1412-1413, made on the orders of

Charles III of Navarre Charles III (1361 – 8 September 1425), called the Noble, was King of Navarre from 1387 to his death and Count of Évreux from 1387 to 1404, when he exchanged it for the title Duke of Nemours. He spent his reign improving the infrastructure of ...

, compared with that of 1551 ''men and weapons that are in this kingdom of Navarre this side of the ports'', reveals a demography with strong growth. The first census indicated the presence of 13 fires in Amendeuix with the second showing 40 (33 + 7 secondary fires). The same census reported 8 fires in Oneix in 1412-1413 against 17 (14 + 3 secondary fires) in 1551. The census of the population of

in 1695 counted 63 fires at Amendeuix and 20 at Oneix. In 2017 the commune had 448 inhabitants. The population data given in the table and graph below include the former commune of Oneix.

Economy

The commune is part of the

Appellation d'origine contrôlée An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication primarily used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown, although other types of food often have appellations as well. Restrictions other than geographical bou ...

(AOC) zone of

Ossau-iraty Ossau-Iraty is an Occitan- Basque cheese made from sheep milk. Origin Ossau-Iraty or Esquirrou is produced in south-western France, in the Northern Basque Country and in Béarn. Its name reflects its geographical location, the Ossau Valley in B ...

Culture and Heritage

Languages

According to the ''Map of the Seven Basque Provinces'' published in 1863 by Prince

Louis-Lucien Bonaparte Louis Lucien Bonaparte (4 January 1813 – 3 November 1891) was a French philologist. The third son of Napoleon's second surviving brother, Lucien Bonaparte, he spent much of his life outside France for political reasons. After a brief politica ...

the dialect of Basque spoken in Amendeuix-Oneix is eastern low Navarrese.

Religious heritage

Two churches in the commune are registered as historical monuments: *The Church of Saint Peter (1787) at Oneix. *The Church of Saint John the Baptist (1903) at Amendeuix.

Amenities

Education

The commune has a kindergarten. Amendeuix, Gabat,

Ilharre Ilharre (; )ILHARRE

, and Labets-Biscay have partnered to create an inter-educational grouping (RPIRPI website
).