The 4000 series is a

CMOS Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, pronounced "sea-moss", ) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFE ...

logic family of integrated circuits (ICs) first introduced in 1968 by RCA. It had a supply voltage range of 5V to 20V, which is much wider than any contemporary logic family. Almost all IC manufacturers active during this initial era fabricated models for this series. Its naming convention is still in use today.

History

The 4000 series was introduced as the ''CD4000 COS/MOS'' series in 1968 by RCA as a lower power and more versatile alternative to the 7400 series of transistor-transistor logic (TTL) chips. The logic functions were implemented with the newly introduced Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. While initially marketed with "COS/MOS" labeling by RCA (which stood for Complementary Symmetry Metal-Oxide Semiconductor), the shorter ''CMOS'' terminology emerged as the industry preference to refer to the technology. The first chips in the series were designed by a group led by

Albert Medwin Albert H. Medwin (October 27, 1925 – October 26, 2020) was an American electrical engineer. He held several US patents, including ones in the field of electronic encoders. Medwin was involved in the early development of integrated circuits while ...

. Wide adoption was initially hindered by the comparatively lower speeds of the designs compared to TTL based designs. Speed limitations were eventually overcome with newer fabrication methods (such as self aligned gates of polysilicon instead of metal). These CMOS variants performed ona par with contemporary TTL. The series was extended in the late 1970s and 1980s with new models that were given 45xx and 45xxx designations, but are usually still regarded by engineers as part of the 4000 series. In the 1990s, some manufacturers (e.g. Texas Instruments) ported the 4000 series to newer

HCMOS HCMOS ("high-speed CMOS") is the set of specifications for electrical ratings and characteristics, forming the 74HC00 family, a part of the 7400 series of integrated circuits.

based designs to provide greater speeds.

Design considerations

The 4000 series facilitates simpler

circuit Circuit may refer to: Science and technology Electrical engineering * Electrical circuit, a complete electrical network with a closed-loop giving a return path for current ** Analog circuit, uses continuous signal levels ** Balanced circu ...

design through relatively low power consumption, a wide range of supply voltages, and vastly increased load-driving capability (fanout) compared to TTL. This makes the series ideal for use in prototyping

LSI LSI may refer to: Science and technology * Large-scale integration, integrated circuits with tens of thousands of transistors * Latent semantic indexing, a technique in natural language processing * LSI-11, an early large-scale integration com ...

designs. While TTL ICs are similarly modular, these usually lack the symmetrical drive strength of CMOS and may therefore require more consideration of the loads applied on its outputs. Just like with TTL, buffered models can drive higher electrical current (mainly available for I/O-devices like octal latches and three-state drivers) but have a slightly higher risk of introducing

ringing Ringing may mean: Vibrations * Ringing (signal), unwanted oscillation of a signal, leading to ringing artifacts * Vibration of a harmonic oscillator ** Bell ringing * Ringing (telephony), the sound of a telephone bell * Ringing (medicine), a ri ...

(transient oscillations) unless correctly damped or terminated.Lancaster, Don. ''CMOS Cookbook'', Many models contain a high level of integration, including fully integrated 7-segment display counters, walking ring counters, and full adders.

Common chips

;Logic gates ;Flip-flops * 4013 – Dual D-type flip-flop. Each flip-flop has independent data, Q, /Q, clock, reset, set. * 40174 – Hex D-type flip-flop. Each flip-flop has independent data and Q. All share clock and reset. * 40175 – Quad D-type flip-flop. Each flip-flop has independent data, Q, /Q. All share clock and reset. ;Counters * 4017 – Decade

counter Counter may refer to: Mathematics and computing * Counter machine, a subclass of register machines * Counter (digital), an electronic device, mechanical device, or computer program for counting * Loop counter, the variable that controls the iter ...

with 10-output decoder. * 4026 – Decade counter with

7-segment A seven-segment display is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot matrix displays. Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, basic ...

digit decoded output. * 40110 – Up/down decade counter with

display decoder with 25 mA output drivers. * 40192 – Up/down decade counter with 4-bit BCD preset. * 40193 – Up/down binary counter with 4-bit binary preset. ;Decoders * 4028 – 4-bit BCD to 10-output decoder (can be used as 3-bit binary to 8-output decoder) * 4511 – 4-bit BCD to

display decoder with 25 mA output drivers. ;Timers * 4047 – Monostable/astable multivibrator with external RC oscillator. * 4060 – 14-bit ripple counter with external RC or crystal oscillator (long duration) (schmitt-trigger inputs) (can be used with 32.768 kHz crystal) * 4541 – 16-bit ripple counter with external RC oscillator (long duration). ;Analog * 4051 – Single 8-channel analog mux. * 4066 – Quad SPST

analog switch The analogue (or PETR) switch, also called the bilateral switch, is an electronic component that behaves in a similar way to a relay, but has no moving parts. The switching element is normally a pair of MOSFET transistors, one an N-channel devic ...

References

External links

Understanding 4000-series digital logic ICs
– Nuts and Volts magazine

– Electronics Club
4000-series logic and analog circuitry
– Analog Devices {{DEFAULTSORT:4000 Series Digital electronics Integrated circuits

History

Design considerations

Common chips

See also

References

Further reading

External links