Year 191 (
CXCI) was a
common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar, proposed by Roman consul Julius Caesar in 46 BC, was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect on , by edict. It was designed with the aid of Greek mathematicians and astronomers such as Sosigenes of Alexandr ...
. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Apronianus and Bradua (or, less frequently, year 944 ''
Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 191 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the
Anno Domini
The terms (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The term is Medieval Latin and means 'in the year of the Lord', but is often presented using "our Lord" instead of "the Lord", ...
calendar era
A calendar era is the period of time elapsed since one '' epoch'' of a calendar and, if it exists, before the next one. For example, it is the year as per the Gregorian calendar, which numbers its years in the Western Christian era (the Copti ...
became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Parthia
* King Vologases IV of Parthia
Vologases IV ( xpr, 𐭅𐭋𐭂𐭔 ''Walagash'') was King of Kings of the Parthian Empire from 147 to 191. He was the son of Mithridates V (). Vologases spent the early years of his reign re-asserting Parthian control over the Kingdom of Char ...
dies after a 44-year reign, and is succeeded by his son Vologases V
Vologases V ( xpr, 𐭅𐭋𐭂𐭔 ''Walagash'') was King of Kings of the Parthian Empire from 191 to 208. As king of Armenia (), he is known as Vologases II. Not much is known about his period of kingship of Armenia, except that he put his son ...
.
China
* A coalition of Chinese warlords from the east of Hangu Pass
Hangu Pass or Hanguguan is a pass separating the upper Yellow River and Wei valleys—the cradle of Chinese civilization and seat of its longtime capital Xi'an—from the fertile North China Plain. It lies on the south bank of the Yellow River ...
launches a punitive campaign against the warlord Dong Zhuo
Dong Zhuo () (died 22 May 192), courtesy name Zhongying, was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty. At the end of the reign of the Eastern Han, Dong Zhuo was a general and powerful minist ...
, who seized control of the central government in 189
Year 189 ( CLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Silanus and Silanus (or, less frequently, year 942 '' Ab urbe ...
, and held the figurehead Emperor Xian
Emperor Xian of Han (2 April 181 – 21 April 234), personal name Liu Xie (劉協), courtesy name Bohe, was the 14th and last emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty in China. He reigned from 28 September 189 until 11 December 220.
Liu Xie was a so ...
hostage. After suffering some defeats against the coalition forces, Dong Zhuo forcefully relocates the imperial capital from Luoyang
Luoyang is a city located in the confluence area of Luo River and Yellow River in the west of Henan province. Governed as a prefecture-level city, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang ...
to Chang'an
Chang'an (; ) is the traditional name of Xi'an. The site had been settled since Neolithic times, during which the Yangshao culture was established in Banpo, in the city's suburbs. Furthermore, in the northern vicinity of modern Xi'an, Qin S ...
. Before leaving, Dong Zhuo orders his troops to loot the tombs of the Han emperors, and then destroy Luoyang by fire, to leave behind nothing for the coalition.
* Battle of Jieqiao: Yuan Shao narrowly defeats Gongsun Zan, in northern China.
By topic
Art
* c. 191–192 – The sculpture of Commodus as Hercules'', from Esquiline Hill, Rome, is made (it is now kept at Palazzo dei Conservatori, Ancient Rome, Rome).
Religion
* Serapion of Antioch, Serapion becomes Patriarch of Antioch.
Births
* Xin Xianying, Chinese noblewoman and advisor (d. 269)
Deaths
* Bruttia Crispina, Roman empress (executed) (b. 164)
* Han Fu (warlord), Han Fu, Chinese governor and warlord
* Hua Xiong, Chinese general (executed)
* Qiao Mao, Chinese official and warlord
* Sun Jian, Chinese general and warlord (b. 155)
* Vologases IV of Parthia, Vologases IV, king of the Parthian Empire
* Zhang Wen (Han dynasty), Zhang Wen, Chinese official and general
References
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191,
