''Ficus'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of large
sea snails,
marine gastropod mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Ficidae, the fig shells.
[WoRMS (2010). Ficus Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=205605 on 2011-02-22]
This is the
type of the family Ficidae. Previously it has been categorized in the family
Muricidae
Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known as murex snails or rock snails. With about 1,600 living species, the Muricidae represent almost 10% of the Neoga ...
by Tryon, 1873) and
Tritonidae (by Mörch)
Description
The light, pyriform shell is ventricose, ribbed, and cancellated. The
spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires a ...
very short. The
aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane.
An ...
large. The smooth
columella
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire.
His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the wo ...
is simple. The elongated canal is straight. The thin
outer lip is entire. There is no
umbilicus.
Species
Species within the genus ''Ficus'' include:
* † ''
Ficus condita''
(Brongniart, 1823)
* ''
Ficus dandrimonti''
Lorenz, 2012
* ''
Ficus eospila''
(Péron & Lesueur, 1807)
* † ''
Ficus ficoides''
(Brocchi, 1814)
* ''
Ficus ficus''
Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758
* ''
Ficus filosa''
( Sowerby III, 1892)
* † ''
Ficus geometra''
(Borson, 1825)
* ''
Ficus gracilis''
( Sowerby I, 1825)
* † ''
Ficus imperfecta''
P. Marshall & R. Murdoch, 1919
* † ''
Ficus holmesii''
Conrad, 1867
* ''
Ficus investigatoris''
(Smith
Smith may refer to:
People
* Metalsmith, or simply smith, a craftsman fashioning tools or works of art out of various metals
* Smith (given name)
* Smith (surname), a family name originating in England, Scotland and Ireland
** List of people wi ...
, 1906)
* † ''
Ficus pannus''
(Deshayes, 1864)
* ''
Ficus papyratia''
(Say
Say may refer to:
Music
*''Say'' (album), 2008 album by J-pop singer Misono
* "Say" (John Mayer song), 2007
*"Say (All I Need)", 2007 song by American pop rock band OneRepublic
* "Say" (Method Man song), 2006 single by rapper Method Man
* "Say" ( ...
, 1822)
* † ''
Ficus parva''
Suter, 1917
* † ''
Ficus parvissima''
Harzhauser, Raven & Landau, 2018
* ''
Ficus pellucida''
Deshayes, 1856
* † ''
Ficus pilsbryi''
(Smith, 1907)
* † ''
Ficus retinduta''
(de Gregorio, 1880)
* ''
Ficus schneideri''
Morrison, 2016
* † ''
Ficus subintermedia''
(d'Orbigny, 1852)
* ''
Ficus variegata''
Röding, 1798
* ''
Ficus ventricosa''
( Sowerby I, 1825)
* ''
Ficus vosi''
H. Morrison, 2020
; Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Ficus atlanticus''
Clench & Aguayo, 1940 : synonym of ''Ficus pellucida''
Deshayes, 1856
* ''Ficus carolae''
Clench, 1945 : synonym of ''Ficus papyratia carolae''
Clench, 1945
* ''Ficus communis''
Röding, 1798 : synonym of ''Ficus ficus''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758)
* ''Ficus ficoides''
(Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1822) : synonym of ''Ficus ficus''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758)
* ''Ficus filosus''
( Sowerby III, 1892) : synonym of ''Ficus filosa''
( Sowerby III, 1892)
* ''Ficus howelli''
Clench & Aguayo, 1940 : synonym of ''Ficus pellucida''
Deshayes, 1856
* ''Ficus lindae''
Petuch, 1988 : synonym of ''Ficus papyratia lindae''
Petuch, 1988
* ''Ficus margaretae''
Iredale, 1931 : synonym of ''Ficus ficus''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758)
* ''Ficus pellucidus''
Deshayes, 1856 accepted as ''Ficus pellucida''
Deshayes, 1856
* ''Ficus subintermedius''
(d'Orbigny
Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthrop ...
, 1852) : synonym of ''Ficus subintermedia''
(d'Orbigny
Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthrop ...
, 1852)
* ''Ficus tessellatus''
(Kobelt, 1881) : synonym of ''Ficus eospila''
(Péron & Lesueur, 1807)
* ''Ficus variegatus''
Röding, 1798 : synonym of ''Ficus variegata''
Röding, 1798
* ''Ficus ventricosus''
( Sowerby I, 1825) : synonym of ''Ficus ventricosa''
( Sowerby I, 1825)
* ''Ficus villai''
Petuch, 1998:
synonym of ''Ficus papyratia villai''
Petuch, 1998
References
*
Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
J.-B. (M. de) (1799). ''Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles, comprenant une rédaction appropriée des caractères géneriques, et l'établissement d'un grand nombre de genres nouveaux''. Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 1: 63-91
* Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp
* Verhaeghe, M. & Poppe, G. T., 2000 A'' Conchological Iconography (3), The Family Ficidae''
* Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526; page(s): 107; note: type species fixation
External links
Röding P. F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Fried. Bolten M. D. p. d. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia et multivalviaMontfort P. [Denys de]. (1808-1810). Conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles. Paris: Schoell. Vol. 1: pp. lxxxvii + 409 [1808]. Vol. 2: pp. 676 + 16
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1938846
Ficidae