The Fasciolariidae, common name the "tulip snails and spindle snails", are a

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the superfamily

Buccinoidea Buccinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of very small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. This superfamily is in the clade Neogastropoda according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). It had been ...

. The family Fasciolariidae probably appeared about 110 million years ago during the

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...

Distribution

The recent species inhabit tropical to temperate waters.

Description

The shells are usually reddish in color and have a moderate to large size, reaching a height between 1.0 and 60 cm. The shells are spindle-shaped and biconic. The

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires a ...

is elongated. The siphonal canal is well developed and is long to moderately long. The

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the wo ...

varies between a smooth appearance and showing spiral folds. The horny operculum has an oval shape. Their radula is characteristic with narrow central teeth with three cusps. The wide lateral teeth show numerous ctenoid (= comblike) cusps. Snails in the family Fasciolariidae are carnivorous. They feed on other gastropods and on bivalves. Some also prey on

worm Worms are many different distantly related bilateral animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body, no limbs, and no eyes (though not always). Worms vary in size from microscopic to over in length for marine polychaete wo ...

s and barnacles. The snails are gonochoristic, i.e. the individuals have just one sex. The female snails deposit their eggs in horny capsules either in a single form or in clusters arranged around a hollow axis. The single forms have a flattened, disk-shaped, or vase-shaped form. The clusters are hemispherical or cylindrical. Development is usually direct. The

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. ...

e emerge from the capsules as free-swimming young or as crawling young.

Taxonomy

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the Fasciolariidae consist of the following subfamilies: * Clavilithinae Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 † * Fasciolariinae Gray, 1853 * Fusininae Wrigley, 1927 - synonyms: Fusinae Swainson, 1840 (inv.); Cyrtulidae MacDonald, 1869; Streptochetinae Cossmann, 1901 * Peristerniinae Tryon, 1880 - synonym: Latiridae Iredale, 1929

Genera

Genera in the family Fasciolariidae include (fossil genera are marked with a dagger): ;subfamily Clavilithinae Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 † * † '' Africolithes'' Eames, 1957 * † '' Austrolithes'' Finlay, 1931 * † '' Chiralithes'' Olsson, 1930 * † '' Clavellofusus'' Grabau, 1904 * † '' Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 * † '' Cosmolithes'' Grabau, 1904 * † '' Mancorus'' Olsson, 1931 * † '' Papillina'' Conrad, 1855 * † '' Perulithes'' Olsson, 1930 * † ''Clavella'' Swainson, 1835 accepted as ''Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 † (Junior homonym of Clavella Oken, 1815. Has been renamed Clavilithes.) * † ''Rhopalithes'' Grabau, 1904 accepted as ''Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 † (objective synonym) * † ''Turrispira'' Conrad, 1866 accepted as ''Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 † * † '' Daphnobela'' Cossmann, 1896 * † '' Euthriofusus'' Cossmann, 1901 ;subfamily Fasciolariinae * '' Fasciolaria'' Lamarck, 1799 -

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal ...

, the Tulip shells * '' Africolaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Araiofusus'' Callomon & Snyder, 2017 * '' Aurantilaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Australaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Bellifusus'' Stephenson, 1941 † * '' Boltenella'' Wade, 1917 † * '' Brucia'' Cossmann, 1920 † * '' Calkota'' Squires & Saul, 2003 * '' Cinctura'' Hollister, 1957 * '' Conradconfusus'' Snyder, 2002 † * '' Cryptorhytis'' Meek, 1876 † * '' Drilliovoluta'' Cossmann, 1925 † * '' Drilluta'' Wade, 1916 † * ''

Filifusus ''Filifusus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae The Fasciolariidae, common name the "tulip snails and spindle snails", are a family of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the ...

'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Glaphyrina'' Finlay, 1926 * '' Granolaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Haplovoluta'' Wade, 1918 † * '' Hercorhyncus'' Conrad, 1869 † * '' Hylus'' Wade, 1917 † * '' Kilburnia'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Liochlamys'' Dall, 1889 † * '' Lirofusus'' Conrad, 1865 † * '' Lugubrilaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Lyonsifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Mariafusus'' Petuch, 1988 † * '' Micasarcina'' Squires & Saul, 2003 † * '' Microcolus'' Cotton & Godfrey, 1932 * '' Microfulgur'' Finlay & Marwick, 1937 * '' Mylecoma'' Squires & Saul, 2003 † * '' Odontofusus'' Whitfield, 1892 † * '' Paleopsephaea'' Wade, 1926 † * '' Parafusus'' Wade, 1918 † * '' Perse'' B.L. Clark, 1918 † * '' Piestochilus'' Meek, 1864 † * '' Plectocion'' Stewart, 1927 † * '' Pleia'' Finlay, 1930 * '' Pleuroploca'' P. Fischer, 1884 * '' Pliculofusus'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 † * '' Saginafusus'' Iredale, 1931 * '' Scobina'' Wade, 1917 † * '' Serrifusus'' Meek, 1876 † * '' Skyles'' Saul & Popenoe, 1993 † * '' Terebraspira'' Conrad, 1862 † * '' Trichifusus'' Bandel, 2000 † * '' Triplofusus'' Olsson & Harbison, 1953 * '' Wadia'' Cossmann, 1920 † * '' Whitneyella'' Stewart, 1927 † * '' Woodsella'' Wade, 1926 † ;subfamily Fusininae * '' Fusus'' Bruguière, 1789 : synonym of ''Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * '' Aegeofusinus'' Russo, 2017 * '' Africofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Amiantofusus'' Fraussen, Kantor & Hadorn, 2007 * † '' Angustifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Apertifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Aptyxis'' Troschel, 1868 * '' Araiofusus'' Callomon & Snyder, 2017 * '' Ariefusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * ''

Aristofusus ''Aristofusus'' is a genus of sea snails in the family Fasciolariidae The Fasciolariidae, common name the "tulip snails and spindle snails", are a family of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea. ...

'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Barbarofusus'' Grabau & Shimer, 1909 * '' Callifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Chryseofusus'' Hadorn & Fraussen, 2003 * '' Cyrtulus'' Hinds, 1843 - '' Cyrtulus serotinus'' Hinds, 1843 * '' Enigmofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * † '' Eofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Falsicolus'' Finlay, 1930 * '' Falsifusus'' Grabau, 1904 † * '' Fredenia'' Cadée & Janssen, 1994 † * '' Fusinus''

Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...

, 1815 - type genus of the subfamily Fusininae * '' Gemmocolus'' Maxwell, 1992 † * '' Goniofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Gracilipurpura'' Jousseaume, 1880 * '' Granulifusus'' Kuroda & Habe, 1954 * '' Harasewychia'' Petuch, 1987 * '' Harfordia'' Dall, 1921 * '' Heilprinia'' Grabau, 1904 * '' Helolithus'' Agassiz, 1846 † * '' Hesperaptyxis'' Snyder & Vermeij, 2016 * '' Lepidocolus'' Maxwell, 1992 † * '' Liracolus'' Maxwell, 1992 † * '' Lyonsifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Marmorofusus'' Snyder & Lyons, 2014 * '' Okutanius'' Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2018 * '' Ollaphon'' Iredale, 1929 * '' Priscofusus'' Conrad, 1865 † * '' Profusinus'' Bandel, 2000 † * '' Propefusus'' Iredale, 1924 * '' Pseudaptyxis'' Petuch, 1988 † * '' Pullincola'' de Gregorio, 1894 † * '' Remera'' Stephenson, 1941 † * '' Rhopalithes'' Grabau, 1904 † * '' Simplicifusus'' Kira, 1972 * '' Solutofusus'' Pritchard, 1898 † * '' Spirilla'' Agassiz, 1842 † * '' Streptocarina'' Hinsch, 1977 † * '' Streptochetus'' Cossmann, 1889 † * '' Streptodictyon'' Tembrock, 1961 † * '' Streptolathyrus'' Cossmann, 1901 † * '' Tectifusus'' Tate, 1893 † * '' Trophonofusus'' Kuroda & Habe, 1971 * '' Turrispira'' Conrad, 1866 † * ''

Vermeijius ''Vermeijius'' is a genus of sea snails in the subfamily Fusininae of the subfamily Fusininae of the family Fasciolariidae The Fasciolariidae, common name the "tulip snails and spindle snails", are a family of small to large sea snails, marin ...

'' Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2018 * '' Viridifusus'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 ;subfamily Peristerniinae * '' Peristernia'' Mörch, 1852 - type genus of the subfamily Peristerniinae * '' Aptycholathyrus'' Cossman & Pissarro, 1905 † * '' Ascolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 † * '' Benimakia'' Habe, 1958 * '' Brocchitas'' Finlay, 1927 † * '' Bullockus'' Lyons & Snyder, 2008 * '' Dennantia'' Tate, 1888 † * '' Dentifusus'' Vermeij & Rosenberg, 2003 * '' Dolicholatirus'' Bellardi, 1886 * '' Eolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 † * '' Exilifusus'' Conrad, 1865 † * '' Fractolatirus'' Iredale, 1936 * '' Fusolatirus'' Kuroda & Habe, 1971 * '' Hemipolygona'' Rovereto, 1899 * '' Lathyropsis'' Oostingh, 1939 † * '' Latirofusus'' Cossmann, 1889 * '' Latirogona'' Laws, 1944 † * '' Latirolagena'' Harris, 1897 * '' Latirulus'' Cossmann, 1889 * '' Latirus'' Montfort, 1810 * '' Leucozonia'' Gray, 1847 * '' Lightbournus'' Lyons & Snyder, 2008 * '' Liochlamys'' Dall, 1889 † * '' Mazzalina'' Conrad, 1960 † * '' Neolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 † * '' Nodolatirus'' Bouchet & Snyder, 2013 * '' Nodopelagia'' Hedley, 1915 * '' Opeatostoma'' Berry, 1958 * '' Plesiolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 † * '' Plicatella'' Swainson, 1840 * '' Polygona'' Schumacher, 1817 * '' Psammostoma'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2002 † * '' Pseudolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884WoRMS (2010). ''Pseudolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=446090 on 2010-08-01 * '' Pustulatirus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2006 * '' Ruscula'' Casey, 1904 † * '' Streptopelma'' Cossmann, 1901 † * '' Tarantinaea'' Monterosato, 1917 * '' Taron'' Hutton, 1883 * '' Teralatirus'' Coomans, 1965 * '' Turrilatirus'' Vermeij & M.A. Snyder, 2006 ; Subfamily ? * '' Crassibougia'' Stahlschmidt & Fraussen, 2012 Image:Aquilofusus semiglaber 01.JPG, '' Aquilofusus semiglaber'' Image:Australaria australasia Tulip shell P1081524.jpg, '' Australaria australasia'' Image:Benimakia marquesana 001.jpg, '' Benimakia marquesana'' Image:Chryseofusus jurgeni 001.jpg, '' Chryseofusus jurgeni'' Image:Cinctura hunteria 001.jpg, '' Cinctura hunteria'' Image:Clavilithes laevigatus 01.JPG, '' Clavilithes laevigatus'' Image:Dolicholatirus bairstowi 001.jpg, '' Dolicholatirus bairstowi'' Image:Euthriofusus burdigalensis forma typica 01.JPG, '' Euthriofusus burdigalensis'' Image:Fasciolaria scalarina 01.JPG, '' Fasciolaria scalarina'' Image:Pleuroploca filamentosa 01.JPG, ''

Filifusus filamentosus ''Filifusus filamentosus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2012). Filifusus filamentosus (Röding, 1798). Accessed through: Wo ...

'' Image:Fusinus polygonoides 01.JPG, ''

Fusinus polygonoides ''Marmorofusus polygonoides'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Marmorofusus polygonoides (Lamarck, 1 ...

'' Image:Fusolatirus paetelianus 01.JPG, '' Fusolatirus paetelianus'' Image:Granulifusus dondani 01.JPG, '' Granulifusus dondani'' Image:Latirus polygonus 001.jpg, '' Latirus polygonus'' Image:Opeatostoma pseudodon 39a.jpg, '' Opeatostoma pseudodon'' Image:Peristernia nassatula 001.jpg, '' Peristernia nassatula'' Image:Pleuroploca trapezium 01.JPG, '' Pleuroploca trapezium'' Image:Pseudolatirus kuroseanus 01.JPG, '' Pseudolatirus kuroseanus'' Image:Tarantinaea lignarius 01.JPG, '' Tarantinaea lignarius'' Image:Turrilatirus turritus 01.JPG, '' Turrilatirus turritus'' ; Genera brought into synonymy: * ''Aptyxis'' Troschel, 1868: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Buccinofusus'' Conrad, 1868: synonym of '' Conradconfusus'' Snyder, 2002 † * ''Bulbifusus'' Conrad, 1865 †: synonym of '' Mazzalina'' Conrad, 1960 † * ''Chasca'' Clench & Aguayo, 1941: synonym of ''Chascax'' Watson, 1873: synonym of '' Hemipolygona'' Rovereto, 1899 * ''Chascax'' Watson, 1873: synonym of '' Hemipolygona'' Rovereto, 1899 * ''Cinctura'' Hollister, 1957: synonym of '' Fasciolaria'' Lamarck, 1799 * ''Clavella'' Swainson, 1835: synonym of '' Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 † * ''Cymatium'' Link, 1807: synonym of '' Latirus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Exilifusus'' Gabb, 1876 †: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Fusilatirus'' McGinty, 1955: synonym of '' Dolicholatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 * '' Fusus'' Bruguière, 1789: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Gracilipurpura'' Jousseaume, 1881 †: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Heilprinia'' Grabau, 1904: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Iaeranea'' Rafinesque, 1815: synonym of '' Fasciolaria'' Lamarck, 1799 * ''Lagena'' Schumacher, 1817: synonym of '' Latirolagena'' Harris, 1897 * ''Lathyrus'' Schinz, 1825: synonym of '' Latirus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Latirofusus'' Cossmann, 1889: synonym of '' Dolicholatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 * ''Latyrus'' Carpenter, 1857: synonym of '' Latirus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Propefusus'' Iredale, 1924: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Pseudofusus'' Monterosato, 1884: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Pseudolatirus'' Cossmann, 1889 †: synonym of '' Streptolathyrus'' Cossmann, 1901 † * ''Simplicifusus'' Kira, 1972: synonym of '' Granulifusus'' Kuroda & Habe, 1954 * ''Sinistralia'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Tarantinaea'' Monterosato, 1917: synonym of '' Fasciolaria'' Lamarck, 1799

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q146350 Gastropod families Taxa named by John Edward Gray