Family Environment Scale
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The Family Environment Scale (FES) was developed and is used to measure social and environmental characteristics of families. It can be used in several ways, in
family counseling Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideall ...
and
psychotherapy Psychotherapy (also psychological therapy, talk therapy, or talking therapy) is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change behavior, increase happiness, and overcome pro ...
, to teach program evaluators about family systems, and in program evaluation.


Scale inventory

The scale is a 90-item inventory that has a 10 subscales measuring interpersonal
Relationship Relationship most often refers to: * Family relations and relatives: consanguinity * Interpersonal relationship, a strong, deep, or close association or acquaintance between two or more people * Correlation and dependence, relationships in mathem ...
dimension, the Personal Growth, and the System Maintenance. The Relationship dimension includes measurements of cohesion, expressiveness, and conflict. Cohesion is the degree of commitment and support family members provide for one another, expressiveness is the extent to family members are encouraged to express their feelings directly, and conflict is the amount of openly expressed anger and conflict among family members. Five subscales refer to
Personal Growth Personal development or self improvement consists of activities that develop a person's capabilities and potential, build human capital, facilitate employability, and enhance quality of life and the realization of dreams and aspirations. Personal ...
: independence, achievement orientation, intellectual-cultural orientation, active-recreational orientation, and moral-religious emphasis. Independence assesses the extent to which family members are assertive, self-sufficient and make their own decisions.
Achievement Orientation Goal orientation, or achievement orientation, is an "individual disposition towards developing or validating one's ability in achievement settings". In general, an individual can be said to be ''mastery'' or ''performance'' oriented, based on whethe ...
reflects how much activities are cast into an achievement oriented or competitive framework. Intellectual-cultural orientation measures the level of interest in political, intellectual, and cultural activities. Active-recreational orientation measures the amount of participation in social and recreational activities. Moral-religious emphasis assesses the emphasis on ethical and religious issues and values. The final two subscales, organization and control, are for System Maintenance. These measure how much planning is put into family activities and responsibilities and how much set rules and procedures are used to run family life. Family Environment Scale There are three, equivalent forms to the FES that are used to measure different aspects of the family. The Real Form (Form R) measures people's
attitude Attitude may refer to: Philosophy and psychology * Attitude (psychology), an individual's predisposed state of mind regarding a value * Metaphysics of presence * Propositional attitude, a relational mental state connecting a person to a pro ...
about their family current environment, the Ideal Form (Form I) measures person's ideal family perception, and the Expectations Form (Form E) assess the family ability to withstand change. After approximately 20 minutes, the test is completed and ten scores are derived from the subscales to create an overall profile of the family environment. Based on these scores, families are then grouped into one of three family environment typologies based on their most salient characteristics. The Family Environment Scale gives counselors and researchers a way of examining each family member’s perceptions of the family in those three categories. This also helps capture perception of the family's functioning from one of its own members.


Reliability and validity of FES

Reliability estimates for subscales measurements are consistent and test-retest intervals is significant and the validity of this scale is supported by evidence. There is no proof though that officially states that the ten subscales of the FES are independent because there has not been an analysis completed on this.Sherman, Robert, and Norman Fredman. Handbook of Measurements for Marriage and Family Therapy. Routledge, 2014.


Notes


References

*Moos, R. & Moos, B. (1994). Family Environment Scale Manual: Development, Applications, Research - Third Edition. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press. * *{{cite journal, doi =10.1177/001316448204200433, last =Robertson, first =Donald U. , author2=Janet S. Hyde , title =The Factorial Validity of the Family Environment Scale , journal = Educational and Psychological Measurement, volume =42, issue =4 , year =1982 , pages =1233–1241 , s2cid =144163107 * Sherman, Robert, and Norman Fredman. Handbook of Measurements for Marriage and Family Therapy. Routledge, 2014.


External links



The Family Environment Scale Family