F. Story Musgrave

Franklin Story Musgrave (born August 19, 1935) is an American physician and a retired NASA astronaut. He is a public speaker and consultant to both Disney's Imagineering group and Applied Minds in California. In 1996, he became only the second astronaut to fly on six spaceflights, and he is the most formally educated astronaut with six academic degrees. Musgrave is the only astronaut to have flown aboard all five Space Shuttles.

Early life

Musgrave was born August 19, 1935, the son of Percy Musgrave Jr. (1903–1973) and Marguerite Warton Musgrave ( née Swann; 1909–1982). He grew up in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, but considers Lexington, Kentucky, to be his hometown.

Musgrave has strong New England ancestral roots, descending from Mayflower Passengers John Howland and John Tilley, as well as early settler to Watertown, Massachusetts Richard Saltonstall. Saltonstall's uncle was Richard Saltonstall, Lord Mayor of London.

His 4th great-grandfather was William Gray, a lieutenant governor of Massachusetts from 1810 to 1812 and a Massachusetts State Representative and Senator. His first cousin, four times removed was Horace Gray, Massachusetts Supreme Court Justice from 1864 to 1882 and United States Supreme Court Justice from 1882 to 1902.

His name comes from his 2nd great-grandfather, Franklin Howard Story Jr. (1825–1900) and 3rd great-grandfather, Franklin Howard Story (1795–1871). His 4th great-grandfather, Elisha Story (1743–1805), was a participant in the Boston Tea Party in 1773. Another son of Elisha, Joseph Story (Musgrave's 4th great-uncle) was a United States Congressman from Massachusetts and a United States Supreme Court Justice from 1812 to 1845. Joseph's son (Musgrave's 1st cousin, four times removed) was artist and sculptor William Wetmore Story. William's son (Musgrave's second cousin, thrice removed) was painter Julian Russell Story.

Musgrave attended Dexter Southfield School in Brookline, Massachusetts and St. Mark's School in Southborough, Massachusetts from 1947 to 1953. He dropped out of St. Mark's in his senior year when a car accident "caused him to miss a substantial amount of vital pre-graduation exam schooling."

Career

After leaving high school, Musgrave enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1953. He served as an aviation electrician, instrument technician and aircraft crew chief while completing duty assignments in Korea, Japan and Hawaii, and aboard the carrier in the Far East. Musgrave's aviator brother Percy (1933–1959), who also served on USS ''Wasp'', died on a mission when the carrier "ran over him" after a takeoff crash.

Although he did not qualify as a pilot until completing his stipulated astronaut training, Musgrave has flown 17,700 hours in 160 different types of civilian and military aircraft, including 7,500 hours in jet aircraft. He has earned Federal Aviation Administration, FAA ratings for flight instructor, instructor, instrument instructor, Glider (sailplane), glider instructor, and airline transport pilot in addition to astronaut wings. An accomplished parachutist, he has made more than 800 free falls, including over 100 experimental free-fall descents involved with the study of human aerodynamics.

While serving in the Marines, he completed his GED. Following his discharge, Musgrave received a Bachelor of Science, B.S. in mathematics and statistics from Syracuse University in 1958. Following his graduation from Syracuse University, Musgrave was briefly employed as a mathematician and operations analyst by the Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester, New York in 1958.

He went on to receive an Master of Business Administration, M.B.A. in operations analysis and computer programming from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1959, a Bachelor of Arts, B.A. in chemistry from Marietta College in 1960, an Doctor of Medicine, M.D. degree from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1964.

Upon completing his medical degree, he served a surgical internship at the University of Kentucky Medical Center from 1964 to 1965. He continued there as a United States Air Force postdoctoral fellow (1965–1966), working in aerospace medicine and physiology, and as a National Heart Institute postdoctoral fellow (1966–1967), teaching and researching cardiovascular and exercise physiology. In 1966, he earned an Master of Science, M.S. in physiology and biophysics from the University of Kentucky. From 1967 to 1989, he practiced clinical medicine on a part-time basis at Denver General Hospital (presently known as Denver Health Medical Center) and served as an adjunct instructor of physiology and biophysics at the University of Kentucky Medical Center. He earned an Master of Arts, M.A. in literature from the University of Houston–Clear Lake in 1987.

He has written or been listed as a co-author of twenty five scientific papers in the areas of aerospace medicine and physiology, temperature regulation, exercise physiology, and clinical surgery.

NASA

Musgrave was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August 1967 as a member of NASA Astronaut Group 6. After completing flight and academic training, he worked on the design and development of the Skylab Program. In 1973, he was the backup Science Pilot for Skylab 2, becoming the first Group 6 astronaut to receive a potential flight assignment.

Musgrave participated in the design and development of all Space Shuttle extra-vehicular activity equipment, including spacesuits, life support systems, airlocks and Manned Maneuvering Units. From 1979 to 1982, and 1983 to 1984, he was assigned as a test and verification pilot in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory at Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, JSC.

Musgrave served as a Flight controller#Capsule Communicator .28CAPCOM.29, CAPCOM for the second and third Skylab missions, STS-31, STS-35, STS-36, STS-38 and STS-41. He was a Mission Specialist on STS-6 (1983), STS-51-F/Spacelab-2 (1985), STS-33 (1989), STS-44 (1991), and STS-80 (1996); and the Payload Commander on STS-61 (1993).

A veteran of six space flights, Musgrave has spent a total of 1,281 hours, 59 minutes, 22 seconds on space missions, including nearly 27 hours of Extravehicular activity, EVA.

Musgrave is the only astronaut to have flown on all five Space Shuttles. Prior to John Glenn's return to space in 1998, Musgrave held the record for the oldest person in orbit at age 61.

He retired from NASA in 1997.

Spaceflight experience

STS-6

He first flew on STS-6, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, on April 4, 1983, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base in California, on April 9, 1983. During this maiden voyage of Space Shuttle Challenger, Space Shuttle ''Challenger'', the crew performed the first Shuttle deployment of an IUS/TDRS satellite, and Musgrave and Donald H. Peterson, Don Peterson conducted the first Space Shuttle extra-vehicular activity (EVA) to test the new space suits and construction and repair devices and procedures. Mission duration was 5 days, 23 minutes, 42 seconds.

STS-51-F

On STS-51-F/Spacelab-2, the crew aboard ''Challenger'' launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on July 29, 1985, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 6, 1985. This flight was the first pallet-only Spacelab mission, and the first mission to operate the Spacelab Instrument Pointing System (IPS). It carried 13 major experiments in astronomy, astrophysics, and life sciences. During this mission, Musgrave served as the systems engineering, systems engineer during launch and entry, and as a pilot during the orbital operations. Mission duration was 7 days, 22 hours, 45 minutes, 26 seconds.

STS-33

On STS-33, he served aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery, Space Shuttle ''Discovery'', which launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 22, 1989. This classified mission operated payloads for the United States Department of Defense. Following 79 orbits, the mission concluded on November 27, 1989, with a landing at sunset on Runway 04 at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Mission duration was 5 days, 7 minutes, 32 seconds.

STS-44

STS-44 also launched at night on November 24, 1991. The primary mission objective was accomplished with the successful deployment of a Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite with an Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) rocket booster. In addition, the crew also conducted two Military Man in Space Experiments, three radiation monitoring experiments, and numerous medical tests to support longer duration Shuttle flights. The mission was concluded in 110 orbits of the Earth with ''Space Shuttle Atlantis, Atlantis'' returning to a landing on the lakebed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on December 1, 1991. Mission duration was 6 days, 22 hours, 50 minutes, 42 seconds.

STS-61

STS-61 was the first Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing and repair mission. Following a night launch from Kennedy Space Center on December 2, 1993, Space Shuttle Endeavour, ''Endeavour'' rendezvoused with and captured the HST. During this 11-day flight, the HST was restored to its full capabilities through the work of two pairs of astronauts during a record 5 spacewalks. Musgrave performed 3 of these spacewalks. After having travelled 4,433,772 miles in 163 orbits of the Earth, ''Endeavour'' returned to a night landing in Florida on December 13, 1993. Mission duration was 10 days, 19 hours, 59 minutes.

STS-80

On STS-80, (November 19 to December 7, 1996), the crew aboard Space Shuttle Columbia, Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' deployed and retrieved the Wake Shield Facility (WSF) and the Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (ORFEUS) satellites. The free-flying WSF created a super vacuum in its wake in which to grow thin film wafers for use in semiconductors and the electronics industry. The ORFEUS instruments, mounted on the reusable Shuttle Pallet Satellite, studied the origin and makeup of stars.

During deorbit and landing, Musgrave stood in the cockpit and pointed a handheld video camera out the windows. In doing so, he recorded the plasma streams over the orbiter's hull for the first time, and he is still the only astronaut to see them first-hand. In completing this mission he logged a record 278 Earth orbits and traveled over 7 million miles in 17 days, 15 hours, 53 minutes.

Media appearances and Space Snakes

Musgrave has made cameo appearances on several documentary TV programs, as well as the movie ''Mission to Mars'' (2000) as "3rd Capsule communicator, CAPCOM" and the TV show ''Home Improvement (TV series), Home Improvement'' by Touchstone Television (Series 3, Episode 24, "Reality Bytes"). In 2012, he appeared at Chicon 7, the 70th World Science Fiction Convention, as the "Astronaut Guest of Honor." In 1995 while being interviewed for a space documentary called "Sightings," Musgrave irked NASA officials and surprised his collegues when he declared that during two of his missions he saw "snakes" floating around in space - a fact that he failed to officially report to NASA upon his return. Musgrave retired from NASA just two years later in 1997.

Direct quote from Dr. Story Musgrave, Senior NASA Astronaut, taken from "Sightings," Sunday,
April 9, 1995: "On two of my missions, and I still don't have an answer, um, I have seen a, a snake out there,
six seven eight feet long. It is rubbery because it has internal waves in it and it follows you for a
rather long period of time."

Organizations

He is a member of Phi Delta Theta, Alpha Kappa Psi, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Beta Gamma Sigma, the Civil Aviation Medical Association, the Flying Physicians Association, the International Academy of Astronautics, the Marine Corps Aviation Association, the National Aeronautic Association, the National Aerospace Education Council, the National Geographic Society, the United States Navy League, Navy League, the New York Academy of Sciences, Omicron Delta Kappa, the Soaring Club of Houston, the Soaring Society of America and the United States Parachute Association.

Personal life

He has seven children, Lorelei, Scott, Holly, Todd, Jeff, Lane, and Story, one of whom is deceased. His hobbies include chess, aviation, flying, gardening, literary criticism, poetry, microcomputers, parachute, parachuting, photography, Reading (activity), reading, running, scuba diving, and Lift (soaring), soaring.

In the early 1990s, Musgrave was Stalking, stalked by Margaret Mary Ray, a schizophrenic woman who had previously served a prison sentence for stalking comedian David Letterman.

Awards and honors

*United States Air Force Post-doctoral Fellowship (1965–1966)
*National Heart Institute Post-doctoral Fellowship (1966–1967)
*Reese Air Force Base Commander's Trophy (1969)
*American College of Surgeons I.S. Ravdin Lecture (1973)
*Flying Physicians Association Airman of the Year Award (1974 and 1983)
*Golden Plate Award of the Academy of Achievement, American Academy of Achievement (1994)
*International Space Hall of Fame (1995)

See also

*List of spaceflight records

References

External links

Astronautix biography of Story Musgrave
*
Musgrave at International Space Hall of FameStory Musgrave Interview On His Abusive Childhood And Motivation
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Musgrave, Story
1935 births
Living people
1983 in spaceflight
1985 in spaceflight
1989 in spaceflight
1991 in spaceflight
1993 in spaceflight
1996 in spaceflight
American astronauts
Aviators from Massachusetts
Glider pilots
Military personnel from Massachusetts
Physician astronauts
NASA people
United States Astronaut Hall of Fame inductees
People from Lexington, Kentucky
People from Brookline, Massachusetts
St. Mark's School (Massachusetts) alumni
Syracuse University alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Marietta College alumni
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni
University of Kentucky alumni
University of Houston–Clear Lake alumni
United States Marine Corps officers
United States Air Force Medical Corps officers
21st-century American chemists
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Mathematicians from Massachusetts
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