The ''Fédération d'action nationale et européenne'' (FANE) was a small

French far-right French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with France ...

neo-Nazi organisation founded in April 1966. It was led by Mark Fredriksen, a bank employee who became involved in activism for French Algeria after serving in the ''paras'' (paratroopers) there. FANE brought together three movements: '' Action-Occident'', the '' Cercle Charlemagne'' and the '' Comité de soutien à l'Europe réelle''.

Ideology and history

FANE activity was limited: the group had at most a hundred activists. It published a review, ''Notre Europe'', related to

François Duprat François Duprat (26 October 1940 – 18 March 1978) was an essayist and politician, a founding member of the Front National party and part of the leadership until his assassination in 1978. Duprat was one of the main architects in the introduct ...

Revolutionary Nationalist Groups The Revolutionary Nationalist Groups (french: Groupes nationalistes révolutionnaires, GNR) were a French far-right organization which gathered the nationalist revolutionary tendency between 1976 and 1978. Founded by François Duprat and his fri ...

(GNR), and a news sheet, ''L'Immonde'', which exalted "National-Socialist and White"

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...

and proclaimed the "struggle to the death against the Judeo- materialist hydra." Members of FANE included Luc Michel, now leader of the '' Parti communautaire national-européen'' (National European Community Party), Jacques Bastide, Michel Faci, Michel Caignet and

Henri-Robert Petit Henri Petit (alias: Henri-Robert or Henry-Robert) (1899–1985) was a French journalist, Collaborationism#France, collaborationist under the Vichy regime, and French far-far-right activist. Henri Petit wrote several Anti-Semitism, anti-Semitic and ...

, a journalist and former collaborationist who had directed the newspaper '' Le Pilori'' under the

Vichy regime Vichy France (french: Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was the fascist French state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. Officially independent, but with half of its ter ...

. The FANE maintained international contacts with the British group the

League of Saint George The League of St George is a neo-Fascist organisation based in the United Kingdom. It has defined itself as a "non-party, non-sectarian political club" and, whilst forging alliances with different groups, has eschewed close links with other extrem ...

. R. Hill & A. Bell, ''The Other Face of Terror- Inside Europe’s Neo-Nazi Network'', London: Collins, 1988, pp.186-189 The FANE rallied

Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean Louis Marie Le Pen (, born 20 June 1928) is a French far-right politician who served as President of the National Front from 1972 to 2011. He also served as Honorary President of the National Front from 2011 to 2015. Le Pen graduated fro ...

's National Front in 1974, gathered around

and

Alain Renault Alain may refer to: People * Alain (given name), common given name, including list of persons and fictional characters with the name * Alain (surname) * "Alain", a pseudonym for cartoonist Daniel Brustlein * Alain, a standard author abbreviation u ...

(GNR). It broke with the FN again in 1978, taking with it parts of the FNJ members (youth organization of the FN).Annuaire de l'extrême droite en France
After this brief spell in the FN, Fredriksen created the ''Faisceaux Nationalistes Européens'' (FNE) in July 1980. This group would eventually merge with the '' Mouvement national et social ethniste'' in 1987, and then with the

French and European Nationalist Party The French and European Nationalist Party (french: Parti nationaliste français et européen or PNFE) was a French nationalist militant organization active between 1987 and 1999. Led by Claude Cornilleau until 1996, its slogan was "France first, ...

(PNFE) in January 1994. The FANE was dissolved in September 1980 by a

decree A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic or a monarch), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution). It has the force of law. The particular term used ...

of the

Council of Ministers A council is a group of people who come together to consult, deliberate, or make decisions. A council may function as a legislature, especially at a town, city or county/ shire level, but most legislative bodies at the state/provincial or nati ...

on September 30, 1980, under the third cabinet of

Raymond Barre Raymond Octave Joseph Barre (; 12 April 192425 August 2007) was a French centre-right politician and economist. He was a Vice President of the European Commission and Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs under three presidents (Rey, ...

. Recreated, it was dissolved again on January 23, 1985 by

Laurent Fabius Laurent Fabius (; born 20 August 1946) is a French politician serving as President of the Constitutional Council since 8 March 2016. A member of the Socialist Party, he previously served as Prime Minister of France from 17 July 1984 to 20 Mar ...

's government, and a third time on September 16, 1987 by Jacques Chirac's government, on charges of "violent demonstrations organized by this movement, which has as one of its expressed objectives the establishment of a new

Nazi Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...

regime," the " paramilitary organisation of this association and its incitations to

racial discrimination Racial discrimination is any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their skin color, race or ethnic origin.Individuals can discriminate by refusing to do business with, socialize with, or share resources with people of a certain g ...

References

Bibliography

Pierre Milza Pierre Milza (16 April 193228 February 2018) was a French historian. His work focused mainly on the history of Italy, the history of Italian immigration to France and the history of fascism, of which he was a recognized specialist. He was prof ...

, ''L'Europe en chemise noire. Les extrêmes droites en Europe de 1945 à aujourd'hui'', chapitre V, « Les principaux courants d'extrême droite dans l'Europe des Trente Glorieuses », Flammarion, collection « Champs », 2002, p. 144-145 {{DEFAULTSORT:Federation D'action Nationale Et Europeenne Fascist parties in France Neo-Nazi political parties in Europe Banned far-right parties Pan-European nationalism Neo-Nazism in France

Ideology and history

See also

References

Bibliography