The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) is one of the European Structural and Investment Funds allocated by the

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are located primarily in Europe, Europe. The union has a total area of ...

. Its purpose is to transfer money from richer regions (not countries), and invest it in the infrastructure and services of underdeveloped regions. This will allow those regions to start attracting private sector investments, and create jobs on their own.

History

During the 1960s, the

European Commission The European Commission (EC) is the executive of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with 27 members of the Commission (informally known as "Commissioners") headed by a President. It includes an administrative body ...

occasionally tried to establish a regional fund, but only Italy ever supported it. Britain made it an issue for its accession in 1973, and pushed for its creation at the 1972 summit in Paris. Britain was going to be a large contributor to the

CAP A cap is a flat headgear, usually with a visor. Caps have crowns that fit very close to the head. They made their first appearance as early as 3200 BC. Caps typically have a visor, or no brim at all. They are popular in casual and informal se ...

and the

EEC The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organization created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the ''Treaty on the functioning of the European Union'', as renamed by the Lis ...

budget, and sought to offset this deficit by having the ERDF established. They would then be able to show their public some tangible benefits of EEC membership. The ERDF was set to be running by 1973, but the

1973 oil crisis The 1973 oil crisis or first oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), led by Saudi Arabia, proclaimed an oil embargo. The embargo was targeted at nations that had su ...

delayed it, and it was only established in 1975 under considerable British and Italian pressure.George, Stephen (1990). ''An Awkward Partner: Britain in the European Community''. Oxford University Press. pp. 56–67. . It started with a budget of 1.4 billion units of account, much less than the original British proposal of 2.4 billion units of account, but has increased rapidly both proportionally and absolutely in the course of time. Since its creation, it has operated under changing set of rules that were standardised with

Single European Act The Single European Act (SEA) was the first major revision of the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The Act set the European Community an objective of establishing a single market by 31 December 1992, and a forerunner of the European Union's Common Fore ...

and is now in its 2014–2020 period.

Scope (2014–2020)

As part of its task to promote regional development, the ERDF contributes towards financing the following measures:

Objective convergence

* Modernising and diversifying economic structures * Creating sustainable jobs * Stimulating economic growth * Attention to urban, remote, mountainous, sparsely populated, and the

outermost region The special territories of members of the European Economic Area (EEA) are the 32 special territories of EU member states and EFTA member states which, for historical, geographical, or political reasons, enjoy special status within or outside ...

Regional competitiveness and employment

* Innovation and knowledge economy (e.g., research and technological development, innovation and entrepreneurship, financial engineering) * Environment and risk prevention (e.g., cleaning up polluted areas, energy efficiency, clean urban public transport, risk prevention plans) * Access to transport and telecommunications

Territorial cooperation

* Cross-border economic, social, and environmental activities * Transnational cooperation, including bilateral cooperation between maritime regions * Inter-regional cooperation, including networking and exchange of experiences between regional and local authorities

ERDF compliance

All awards of ERDF must comply with

European Union competition law European competition law is the competition law in use within the European Union. It promotes the maintenance of competition within the European Single Market by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies to ensure that they do not crea ...

(including State Aid Law and Government procurement in the European Union). Failure to comply with these legal requirements may result in irregularity rulings which carry financial implications.

Criticism

One project supported by the Fund is the Golf Club Campo de Golf in the African Spanish

exclave An enclave is a territory (or a small territory apart of a larger one) that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state or entity. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is sometimes used improperly to deno ...

Melilla Melilla ( , ; ; rif, Mřič ; ar, مليلية ) is an autonomous city of Spain located in north Africa. It lies on the eastern side of the Cape Three Forks, bordering Morocco and facing the Mediterranean Sea. It has an area of . It was pa ...

, located right next to the border with Morocco where African migrants regularly attempt to enter the territory of the EU by climbing a triple fence with razor wire. In 2009, Ecologists in Action called the location insulting and asked the EU to investigate why more than €1.1m was given to the project by the ERDF. The petition was dismissed, because the objectives of the golf course to “increase tourism, create jobs and promote sport and sporting values” was compatible with the goals of the ERDF.

References

External links

Open Data Portal for the European Structural Investment Funds

North Sea Region Programme
Transnational Cooperation Programme under the ERDF
Baltic Sea Region Programme
Transnational Cooperation Programme under the ERDF
Alpine Space Programme
Transnational Cooperation Programme under the ERDF
Atlantic Area Operational Programme
Transnational Cooperation Programme under the ERDF
INTERREG North-West Europe Programme
Transnational Cooperation Programme under the ERDF {{Authority control Economy of the European Union Regional policies of the European Union eo:Eŭropaj Strukturaj Fondusoj