The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) is a standard means for comparing
academic credits, i.e., the "volume of learning based on the defined learning outcomes and their associated workload" for
higher education
Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after compl ...
across the
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are located primarily in Europe, Europe. The union has a total area of ...
and other collaborating European countries. For successfully completed studies, ECTS credits are awarded. One academic year corresponds to 60 ECTS credits that are normally equivalent to 1500–1800 hours of total workload, irrespective of standard or qualification type. ECTS credits are used to facilitate transfer and progression throughout the Union.
ECTS also includes a standard
grading scale
Grading in education is the process of applying standardized measurements for varying levels of achievements in a course. Grades can be assigned as letters (usually A through F), as a range (for example, 1 to 6), as a percentage, or as a numbe ...
, intended to be shown in addition to local (i.e. national) standard grades.
Current systems
See also
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Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union
In the European Union education is at the responsibility of its Member States and their Ministries of education that they have; in such, the European Union institutions play only a supporting and overseeing role. According to Art. 165 of the Tr ...
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Bologna Process
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European Higher Education Area
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ECTS grading scale
The ECTS grading scale is a grading system defined in the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) framework by the European Commission. Since many grading systems co-exist in Europe and, considering that interpretation of grades ...
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Carnegie Unit and Student Hour
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Erasmus Programme
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Academic mobility
References
External links
European Commission ECTS informationThe Official Bologna Process - European Higher Education Area Website 2010-2020Systemy Akumulacji i Transferu Osiągnięć Na Przykładzie ECTS I ECVET
{{DEFAULTSORT:European Credit Transfer And Accumulation System
Academic transfer
Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union
Universities and colleges in Europe