Euperipatoides rowelli
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''Euperipatoides rowelli'' is an
ovoviviparous Ovoviviparity, ovovivipary, ovivipary, or aplacental viviparity is a term used as a "bridging" form of reproduction between egg-laying oviparous and live-bearing viviparous reproduction. Ovoviviparous animals possess embryos that develop insi ...
species of
velvet worm Onychophora (from grc, ονυχής, , "claws"; and , , "to carry"), commonly known as velvet worms (due to their velvety texture and somewhat wormlike appearance) or more ambiguously as peripatus (after the first described genus, '' Peripatus ...
of the
Peripatopsidae Peripatopsidae is one of the two living velvet worm families. Description The Peripatopsidae exhibit relatively many characteristics that are perceived as original or "primitive" with respect to the Peripatidae. The number of leg pairs in this ...
family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
. It is found in
New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...
and the
Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory (commonly abbreviated as ACT), known as the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) until 1938, is a landlocked federal territory of Australia containing the national capital Canberra and some surrounding townships. ...
.


Description

As all species in the genus ''Euperipatoides'', ''E. rowelli'' has a dark grayish-blue color. This species has 15 pairs of legs in both sexes. Adult specimens measure about 3 to 5 cm in length, with females being larger than males. This species is characterized by two distinct rows of bristles on the antennal rings 4, 6, 9 and 12, while the remaining species of the genus have two distinct rows only on the two or four distal antennal rings.


Ecology and behaviour

''Euperipatoides rowelli'' occurs in humid, temperate forests of southeastern Australia. Its main habitat are decaying logs on the forest floor, where it lives in crevices and feeds on small invertebrates, such as termites and crickets. Specimens are rarely found alone, usually forming groups of a few individuals containing females, males, and juveniles. Laboratory observations on behavior concluded that these groups present some sort of hierarchy with dominant females. New logs are usually colonized by wandering males. The pheromones emitted by the first male to reach a log attract additional males, as well as females. It is assumed that males are attracted by other males because their high density increases the attraction of females. During reproduction, the male places its spermatophore on the female's skin. With the aid of the female blood cells, the body wall is breached and the sperm enters the female body cavity, then swims to the female genital tract. Females have two uteri and each one can have embryos at different developmental stages, up to six months apart, and from different males. Males mature in about a year, while females can take up to three years.


Model organism

Due to its abundance in its native habitat, ''E. rowelli'' is becoming a model organism in the study of behavior and ecology, and especially of gene expression and evolution, leading to a better understanding on the evolution of animals and especially arthropods, to which velvet worms are closely related.


References


Further reading

* * * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q3601766 Onychophorans of Australasia Onychophoran species Animals described in 1996 Taxa named by Amanda Reid (malacologist)