Ettore Perrone, Conte di San Martino (12 January 1789 in

Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...

– 29 March 1849) was an Italian politician and military leader.

French military service

He enlisted as a volunteer soldier, in the infantry in 1806, in the "Legion du Midi". He graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1806, and left the following year as second lieutenant of infantry, participating in the campaigns of 1807 and 1809. He was wounded at

Battle of Wagram The Battle of Wagram (; 5–6 July 1809) was a military engagement of the Napoleonic Wars that ended in a costly but decisive victory for Emperor Napoleon's French and allied army against the Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles ...

, earning the

Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon, ...

. From 1810 to 1811, he was in Spain as a lieutenant in the Young Guard. On 24 June 1811 he joined the Grenadiers of the Old Guard. Although injured, he left for the

Russian campaign The French invasion of Russia, also known as the Russian campaign, the Second Polish War, the Army of Twenty nations, and the Patriotic War of 1812 was launched by Napoleon Bonaparte to force the Russian Empire back into the continental block ...

using crutches. Promoted to Captain of Infantry, he fought at

Lützen is a town in the Burgenlandkreis district of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Geography Lützen is situated in the Leipzig Bay, approximately southwest of the Leipzig city limits and northeast of Weißenfels. The town has access to the Bundesstraße 8 ...

and

Bautzen Bautzen () or Budyšin () is a hill-top town in eastern Saxony, Germany, and the administrative centre of the district of Bautzen. It is located on the Spree river. In 2018 the town's population was 39,087. Until 1868, its German name was ''Budis ...

in May 1813 and was wounded with the bayonet, three times at the

Battle of Montmirail The Battle of Montmirail (11 February 1814) was fought between a French force led by Emperor Napoleon and two Allied corps commanded by Fabian Wilhelm von Osten-Sacken and Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg. In hard fighting that lasted until evenin ...

. On 15 March 1814, Napoleon appointed him commander of the 24th Infantry Battalion of the line. During the

Hundred Days The Hundred Days (french: les Cent-Jours ), also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition, marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on20 March 1815 and the second restoration ...

, he was appointed Adjutant to General

Gérard Gérard ( French: ) is a French masculine given name and surname of Germanic origin, variations of which exist in many Germanic and Romance languages. Like many other early Germanic names, it is dithematic, consisting of two meaningful constitu ...

Italian unification

He was arrested on 3 March 1821 at the border, returning from Paris. He was involved in the Piedmont insurrection of 1821, was condemned to death but fled to France, where he joined the army and reached the rank of General. On 2 February 1833, during his exile in France, he married Jenny de Fay de La Tour-Maubourg, the granddaughter of the

Marquis de La Fayette Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette (6 September 1757 – 20 May 1834), known in the United States as Lafayette (, ), was a French aristocrat, freemason and military officer who fought in the American Revolutio ...

Henry Clay Henry Clay Sr. (April 12, 1777June 29, 1852) was an American attorney and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. He was the seventh House speaker as well as the ninth secretary of state, al ...

attended the wedding.

Italian military service

Ettore Perrone di San Martino - Generale di Divisione

In 1848 he was invited by the provisional government of Milan to join the Army of

Lombardy Lombardy ( it, Lombardia, Lombard language, Lombard: ''Lombardia'' or ''Lumbardia' '') is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in the northern-central part of the country and has a population of about 10 ...

. He became

prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

of the

Kingdom of Sardinia The Kingdom of Sardinia,The name of the state was originally Latin: , or when the kingdom was still considered to include Corsica. In Italian it is , in French , in Sardinian , and in Piedmontese . also referred to as the Kingdom of Savoy-S ...

from 11 October to 16 December 1848. He declined to send representatives to

Giuseppe Montanelli Giuseppe Montanelli (21 January 1813 – 17 June 1862) was an Italian statesman and author. Biography Montanelli was born at Fucecchio, then part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. As a boy he was an organist and composer. In 1840 was appointed la ...

's proposed Italian assembly. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Novara in the Piedmont, Italy, on 22 March 1849, where, as a Lieutenant-Général, he commanded the left division. The barracks "Perrone", constructed between the 1850-1852, was dedicated to him. Currently the entire complex is used for the orientation center, of the University of the Piemonte.

Family

His sister Caroline married

Just Pons Florimond marquis de La Tour-Maubourg Just or JUST may refer to: __NOTOC__ People * Just (surname) * Just (given name) Arts and entertainment * ''Just'', a 1998 album by Dave Lindholm * "Just" (song), a song by Radiohead * "Just", a song from the album ''Lost and Found'' by Mudvayne ...

, in 1837. Hector Perrone di San-Martino married Jenny de Fay de La Tour Maubourg, daughter of

Juste-Charles de Fay de La Tour-Maubourg Juste-Charles de Faÿ de la Tour-Maubourg (1774–1846) was a French aristocrat and fighter in the French Revolution. Revolution He was captured at Rochefort, Belgium, with his brothers, and Lafayette, and imprisoned by the Austrians, but was so ...

, and Anastasie de Lafayette Jenny and comte Hector Perrone di San-Martino had two sons, Paolo Luigi, comte Perrone di San Martino (1834–1897), and Roberto Perrone di San Martino (1836–1900), and a daughter, Louise Perrone Di San Martino (1 October 1838 - 14 November 1880), who married the comte Félix Rignon (1829–1914). Louise and Félix Rignon had two children, Édouard Rignon (1861–1932), and Maria Rignon (1858–1950). His great-great-granddaughter is

Paola Ruffo di Calabria Paola (born Donna Paola Ruffo di Calabria;AlthougThe Belgian Monarchy websiteattributes the title of "Princess" to Queen Paola prior to marriage, Burke's Peerage 1973, The Descendants of Louis XIII 1999, ''Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels'' 200 ...

, Queen of the Belgians.Royal-Mimich
: Queen Paola, descendant of Marquis and Marquise de La Fayette, née Noailles (+ other genealogical connections)

References

Sources

Geneall.netPaul Ginsborg, ''Daniele Manin and the Venetian Revolution of 1848-49''Howard McGaw Smyth, ''Piedmont and Prussia, the influence of the campaigns of 1848-1849 on the Constitutional Development of Italy'', The American Historical Review, Vol LV, No.3, April 1950
{{DEFAULTSORT:Perrone di San Martino, Ettore 1789 births 1849 deaths People from Novara Prime ministers of the Kingdom of Sardinia Italian soldiers Italian nobility Counts of Italy Italian military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars