Estonian History Museum
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Estonian History Museum ( et, Eesti Ajaloomuuseum) is a
museum A museum ( ; plural museums or, rarely, musea) is a building or institution that cares for and displays a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make these ...
about the
history of Estonia The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe. Humans settled in the region of Estonia near the end of the last glacial era, beginning from around 8500 BC. Ancient Estonia: pre-history Mesolithic Period The region has been p ...
in
Tallinn Tallinn () is the most populous and capital city of Estonia. Situated on a bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, Tallinn has a population of 437,811 (as of 2022) and administratively lies in the Harju ' ...
. It was initially established by pharmacist Dr.
Johann Burchart Johannes Burchart I (1546-1616), born János Both Bélaváry de Szikava ( hu, Szikavai és Bélaváry Both János), was a pharmacist and druggist and the first of a line of doctors and pharmacists who owned the Raeapteek in Reval (Tallinn, Eston ...
who ran the town hall pharmacy known as the
Raeapteek The Raeapteek ( en, Town Hall Pharmacy; german: Ratsapotheke) is a pharmacy in the center of Tallinn, Estonia. Opposite the Town Hall, at 11 Raekoja plats, it is one of the oldest continuously running pharmacies in Europe, having always been in ...
. Inaugurated in 1987, it picks up where its counterpart leaves off in the mid-nineteenth century to cover the political and social upheavals of the twentieth century. Its exhibits include historically dressed mannequins and recreations of domestic interiors. The 1940s and 1950s are represented by army uniforms and weapons. There is an original hut used by the
Forest Brothers The Guerrilla war in the Baltic states was an armed struggle which was waged by the Latvian, Lithuanian, and Estonian partisans, called the Forest Brothers (also: the "Brothers of the Wood" and the "Forest Friars"; et, metsavennad, lv, mež ...
, the legendary partisans who fought against the Soviet occupation, and a replica of a desk used by a communist party secretary. The museum has four locations: Maarjamäe Palace, the Great Guild hall, the Film Museum, and the Theatre and Music Museum.


History

In 1802, Tallinn pharmacist
Johann Burchard Johann Burchard, also spelled Johannes Burchart or Burkhart (c.1450–1506) was an Alsatian-born priest and chronicler during the Italian Renaissance. He spent his entire career at the papal Courts of Sixtus IV, Innocent VIII, Alexander VI, Pius ...
started a collection called ''Mon Faible'' (in English, My Weakness). Its first item was an opium pipe from China. In 1822, Buchard hosted an exhibition in the House of the Brotherhood of the Blackheads. In 1842, the Estonian Literature Society (
Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...
: Estländische Literärische Gesellschaft) and began collecting materials to form a museum. In 1864, the Provincial Museum of the Estonian Literature Society was founded at Canute Guild. During the
Soviet occupation of Estonia The Estonian SSR,, russian: Эстонская ССР officially the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic,, russian: Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика was an ethnically based adminis ...
, the museum was nationalized and its collections given to other museums. Some of its materials were destroyed. In 1952, the museum moved to the Great Guild Hall. In 1989, it was renamed the Estonian History Museum.


Maarjamäe Palace

In 1873, Count Anatoli Orlov-Davydov (1837-1905) purchased the plot of land Maarjamäe Palace sits on today from Christian Abraham Rotermann, who had built a steam mill and factories on the land. Orlov-Davydov named the land Marienberg, likely in honor of his wife Maria. Maarjamäe is the Estonian version of Maria. Due to the 1917 Revolution in Russia, the Orlov-Davydovs leased out the manor. From 1933 to 1937, the manor hosted a restaurant and hotel opened. The manor was then purchased by the Estonian government who used it to house the Military Aviation School of the Republic of Estonia. The school closed when the Soviets began occupying Estonia, and in 1940, the Soviet Army took over the building. In 1987, the History of Revolution Museum of the Estonian SSR opened in the manor. When Estonia regained independence in 1991, the museum was renovated and updated. The Film Museum, established in 2006, moved to the palace's complex in 2017.


Buildings

File:Exterior of the Estonian History Museum.jpg, Entrance to Great Guild Hall in Tallinn
old town In a city or town, the old town is its historic or original core. Although the city is usually larger in its present form, many cities have redesignated this part of the city to commemorate its origins after thorough renovations. There are ma ...
File:Interior of the Estonian History Museum.jpg, Interior of Guild Hall File:Orlovi loss 2006.jpg, Maarjamäe Palace (''Orlov Castle'') in
Maarjamäe Maarjamäe ( Estonian for ''"Maria's Hill"'') is a subdistrict ( et, asum) in the district of Pirita, Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It has a population of 2,307 (). Landmarks and institutions *Estonian Academy of Security Sciences (Kase 61) ...
File:Medieval niches in Tallin guild hall.jpg, Niche in wall of Guild Hall File:Basement of the Tallinn Great Guild Hall.jpg, Basement of Guild Hall File:The Medieval Stokers' Room, Tallinn.jpg, Medieval Stokers' Room


References


External links

* Museums in Tallinn History museums in Estonia {{tallinn-geo-stub