Energy in Monaco describes
energy
In physics, energy (from Ancient Greek: ἐνέργεια, ''enérgeia'', “activity”) is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of hea ...
production, consumption and importation in the
Principality of Monaco
Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (french: Principauté de Monaco; Ligurian: ; oc, Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Liguria ...
.
Monaco has no domestic sources of fossil fuels and relies entirely on imports of electricity, gas and fuels from
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
. Monaco's sole national power company is ''
Société Monégasque de l'Electricité et du Gaz'' (SMEG, Monegasque Electricity and Gas Company), which operates the country's electric and gas grid and provides related services. SMEG is 60% owned by
Engie
Engie SA is a French multinational utility company, headquartered in La Défense, Courbevoie, which operates in the fields of energy transition, electricity generation and distribution, natural gas, nuclear, renewable energy and petroleum.
It ...
, 20% by the State of Monaco, 15% by
EDF, and the rest by private investors. Although the country imports its gas and electricity from France, it operates a
waste-to-energy
Waste-to-energy (WtE) or energy-from-waste (EfW) is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste, or the processing of waste into a fuel source. WtE is a form of energy recovery. Mo ...
district heating and seawater pumping plant in
Fontvieille called ''seaWergie'' which provides heating and cooling to homes and businesses in the quartier.
Due to this importation and small size, key statistics do not list Monaco as separate country in carbon dioxide emissions. Instead the principality include its
emissions in France's statistics. In 2018, the country used around 536,000 MWh of electricity, of which a majority of it was used tertiary services.
History
The first and later sole electric plant was a
gas-fired power plant
A gas-fired power plant or gas-fired power station or natural gas power plant is a thermal power station which burns natural gas to generate electricity. Natural gas power stations generate almost a quarter of world electricity and a signifi ...
built by the casino operator
SBM at base of Fort Antoine in
Monaco-Ville
Monaco City (french: Monaco-Ville) is the southcentral ward in the Principality of Monaco. Located on a headland that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, it is nicknamed The Rock (french: Le Rocher). The name "Monaco City" is misleading: it is no ...
. It was later decommissioned in 1952 in agreement with France, over the nationalisation of the local
Niçoise gas company EELV to create
Gaz de France
Gaz de France (GDF) was a French company which produced, transported and sold natural gas around the world, especially in France, its main market. The company was also particularly active in Belgium, the United Kingdom, Germany, and other Europea ...
.
Kyoto Protocol
In December 2007 Monaco had underlined but not ratified the
Kyoto Protocol. In 2008 Monaco was - 4% from its Kyoto Protocol emission targets.
According to the National greenhouse gas inventory data for the period 1990–2006 UNFCCC 17 November 2008 page 16 the emissions change from 1990 to 2006 in Monaco was -13.1% as following (Gg equivalent):
* 1990: 108
* 1995: 115
* 2000: 120
* 2005: 104
* 2006: 94
Monaco Declaration
On 30 January 2009 ocean scientists expressed their concern in Monaco about
global warming
In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to E ...
and its consequences for the oceans. 150 leading scientists appealed to decision makers in "the Monaco Declaration" to restrict emissions. Today's emissions could have dramatic consequences in the stocks of fish in a few decades, which would influence significantly both ocean biodiversity and also global food supply.
Tutkijoiden hätähuuto: Ilmastonmuutos happamoittaa meret
YLE 31.01.2009
References
External links
SMEG
{{Monaco-stub