Energy in Hungary describes

energy In physics, energy (from Ancient Greek: ἐνέργεια, ''enérgeia'', “activity”) is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of ...

and

electricity Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as describe ...

production, consumption and import in

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Cr ...

. Energy policy of Hungary describes the

politics of Hungary Politics of Hungary takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The prime minister is the head of government of a pluriform multi-party system, while the president is the head of state and holds a large ...

related to energy.

Statistics

Nuclear power

Hungary had, in 2017, four operating nuclear power reactors, constructed between 1982 and 1987, at the Paks Nuclear Power Plant. An agreement in 2014 with the EU and an agreement between Hungary and

Rosatom Rosatom, ( rus, Росатом, p=rɐsˈatəm}) also known as Rosatom State Nuclear Energy Corporation, the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom or Rosatom State Corporation, is a Russian state corporation headquartered in Moscow that special ...

may result in an additional two reactors being built for operation in 2030. The cost, estimated at €12.5bn, being funded mainly by Russia.

Oil

Hungary is reliant on oil from Russia for 46% of its needs in 2021, a decrease from 80% in 2013. An EU exemption to sanctions, following the

Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. An ...

in 2022 allows Hungary to continue importing oil from Russia until December 2023.

MOL Group MOL Plc. ( hu, Magyar OLaj- és Gázipari Részvénytársaság, lit=Hungarian Oil and Gas Public Limited Company), also commonly known as MOL Group, is a Hungarian multinational oil and gas company headquartered in Budapest, Hungary. Members of ...

is an oil and gas group in Hungary.

Gas

Emfesz is a natural gas distributor in Hungary. Panrusgáz imports natural gas from Russia mainly Gazprom. The

Arad–Szeged pipeline The Arad–Szeged pipeline is a natural gas pipeline from Arad in Romania to Szeged in Hungary diversifying natural gas suppliers and delivery routes for the two countries and connects the two natural gas national grids. The pipeline attempts to ...

is a natural gas pipeline from Arad (Romania) to Szeged (Hungary).

Nabucco ''Nabucco'' (, short for Nabucodonosor ; en, "Nebuchadnezzar") is an Italian-language opera in four acts composed in 1841 by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Temistocle Solera. The libretto is based on the biblical books of 2 Kings, J ...

and

South Stream South Stream (russian: Южный поток, Yuzhnyy potok; bg, Южен поток, Yuzhen potok; sr, / ; sl, Južni tok; hu, Déli Áramlat; it, Flusso Meridionale) was a canceled pipeline project to transport natural gas of the Russia ...

gas pipelines were intended to reach Hungary and further to other European countries. The

gas pipeline was expected to pipe 31bn cubic metres of gas annually in a 3,300 km long pipeline constructed via Hungary, Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria and Austria. The

gas pipeline was expected to pipe 63bn cu m of gas from southern Russia to Bulgaria under the Black Sea. The pipe was planned to run via Hungary to central and southern Europe. These two were abandoned early in their design phases by a mix of disinterest, changing priorities and changes in geopolitical conditions in the larger Black Sea basin. Hungary in 2022 is reliant on Russia for 80% of its natural gas and seeks to continue buying from Gazprom. In October 2023 Bulgaria passed a law taxing Russian gas in transit to Hungary at 20 levs (10.22 euro) per MWh, roughly 20% of the purchase price of gas, the cost is probably payable by Gazprom. Hungary has complained about the tax.

Coal

The last coal electricity producer, the Matra Power Plant produced around 9% of the electricity needs of Hungary in 2020. It is served by two coal mines in Visonta, and in Bükkábrány. The current generator is to shut down in 2025 to be replaced by a CCGT unit.

Renewable energy

Hungary renewable electricity production

Hungary is a member of the

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are located primarily in Europe, Europe. The union has a total area of ...

and thus takes part in the EU strategy to increase its share of the

renewable energy Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale. It includes sources such as sunlight, wind, the movement of water, and geothermal heat. Although most renewable energy ...

. The EU has adopted the 2009 Renewable Energy Directive, which included a 20% renewable energy target by 2020 for the EU.EU Energy Policy to 2050
EWEA March 2011 By 2030 wind should produce in average 26-35% of the EU's electricity and save Europe €56 billion a year in avoided fuel costs. The national authors of Hungary forecast is 14.7% renewables in gross energy consumption by 2020, exceeding their 13% binding target by 1.7 percentage points. Hungary is the EU country with the smallest forecast penetration of renewables of the electricity demand in 2020, namely only 11% (including

biomass Biomass is plant-based material used as a fuel for heat or electricity production. It can be in the form of wood, wood residues, energy crops, agricultural residues, and waste from industry, farms, and households. Some people use the terms bio ...

6% and

wind power Wind power or wind energy is mostly the use of wind turbines to generate electricity. Wind power is a popular, sustainable, renewable energy source that has a much smaller impact on the environment than burning fossil fuels. Historically ...

3%). The forecast includes 400 MW of new

capacity between 2010 and 2020. EWEA's 2009 forecast expects Hungary to reach 1.2 GW of installed wind capacity in this time. In the end of 2010 wind power capacity was 295 MW.

Wind power

No new wind farms have been built since 2012, with a law in 2016 effectively banning wind farms in Hungary by requiring they be built further than 12km from any community. Capacity in 2022 is 330MW. In 2022 Hungary published a ''Recovery and Resilience Plan'' outlining a total of HUF 2,300 billion (ca. EUR 6 billion) for strategic development projects with the energy sector, which may result in additional wind farms being built.

Solar power

Hungary had 4.8GW capacity for solar power in 2022, having grown from 26MW in 2016. The 2030 National Energy Strategy target is for 6GW capacity.

Global warming

In 2007, emissions of

carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide ( chemical formula ) is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature. In the air, carbon dioxide is t ...

totalled 53.9 million tonnes or around 5.4 tonnes per capita when the EU-27 average was 7.9 tonnes per capita.Energy in Sweden
, Facts and figures, The Swedish Energy Agency 2010, Table 1

References

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