''Endornaviridae'' is a family of

viruses A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's ...

. Plants, fungi, and

oomycetes Oomycota forms a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms, called oomycetes (). They are filamentous and heterotrophic, and can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction of an oospore is the result ...

serve as natural hosts. There are 31 species in this family, assigned to 2 genera (''Alphaendornavirus'' and ''Betaendornavirus''). Members of ''Alphaendornavirus'' infect plants, fungi and the oomycete ''

Phytophthora ''Phytophthora'' (from Greek (''phytón''), "plant" and (), "destruction"; "the plant-destroyer") is a genus of plant-damaging oomycetes (water molds), whose member species are capable of causing enormous economic losses on crops worldwide, a ...

'' sp., members of ''Betaendornavirus'' infect ascomycete fungi.ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.108.0.01. Endornavirus. In: ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA.

Taxonomy

The following genera are assigned to the family: * '' Alphaendornavirus'' * '' Betaendornavirus''

Structure

Linear, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of about 14 kb to 17.6 kb. A site specific break (nick) is found in the coding strand about 1 to 2 kb from the 5’ terminus. ViralZone conflicts with ICTV, listing ''Endornaviridae'' as dsRNA viruses. As the ''Endornaviridae'' genomes don't include a coat protein (CP) gene, they no true virions are associated with members of this family. For ''Vicia faba endornavirus'', the RNA genome has been associated with some pleomorphic cytoplasmic membrane vesicles.

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. The viral replicative form of the ''Endornaviridae'' is dsRNA. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. As the replicative dsRNA form is relatively stable, it can be found in comparatively high quantities in host tissues, and therefore is a likely subject of isolations (this is the reason why ''Endornaviridae'' often are classified as dsRNA viruses, in contrast to the official ssRNA(+) ICTV classification). The virus exits the host cell by cell to cell movement. Plants, fungi, and oomycetes serve as the natural hosts. Transmission routes are pollen associated.

References

External links

* ICTV
ICTV Report: ''Endornaviridae''
* SIB

* NCBI
Endornaviridae
(family) * Syunichi Urayama, Hiromitsu Moriyama, Nanako Aoki, Yukihiro Nakazawa, Ryo Okada, Eri Kiyota, Daisuke Miki, Ko Shimamoto, Toshiyuki Fukuhara
Knock-down of OsDCL2 in rice negatively affects maintenance of the endogenous dsRNA virus, Oryza sativa endornavirus
In: Plant Cell Physiol. 2010 Jan;51(1):58-67. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp167. PMID 19933266. Epub 2009 Nov 19. {{Taxonbar, from=Q5376400 Double-stranded RNA viruses Viral plant pathogens and diseases Virus families Riboviria