''En chamade'' (French: "to sound a parley") refers to powerfully voiced
reed stops in a
pipe organ
The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by driving pressurized air (called ''wind'') through the organ pipes selected from a keyboard. Because each pipe produces a single pitch, the pipes are provided in sets called ''ranks' ...
that have been mounted horizontally, rather than vertically, in the front of the organ case, projecting out into the church or concert hall. They produce a commanding, loud trumpet-like tone, used for fanfares and solos. It is known as Fan Trumpet, Horizontal Trumpet, and Trompette en Chamade.
Any stop mounted ''en chamade'' will be much louder than a stop elsewhere in the organ, even though in church organs the stops may stand on the same windpressure. In theatre and concert organs, ''en chamade'' stops often stand on higher windpressure than the other stops, to sound even more powerful and commanding.
History
First seen in
Iberia
The Iberian Peninsula (),
**
* Aragonese language, Aragonese and Occitan language, Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica''
**
**
* french: Péninsule Ibérique
* mwl, Península Eibérica
* eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a pe ...
n and Mexican organs of the early eighteenth century, it came in many forms to create choruses in divided registers: the ''Trompeta de Batalla'' (8′), ''Bajoncillo'' (4′), ''Bajo'' (16′), ''Violeta'' (2′), ''Trompeta Magna'' (16′), the ''Claríns'' (either 8′ or 4′, the smaller ones in conjunction with the ''trompetas''). Unlike the modern chamade trumpet, these all stood on pressures of compared to anywhere from . Often confused with these, are the ''Trompeta Reales'', or ''Trombeta Reales'', which were never horizontal and were always located inside of the case.
[Neobaroque organ builders such as Schlicker made an ''En Chamade'' stop by this name]
Another example, first referred to as a ''trompette 'en chamade is located in an organ built in
Provence
Provence (, , , , ; oc, Provença or ''Prouvènço'' , ) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the Italian border to the east; it is bo ...
in 1772. The term was popularized by
Aristide Cavaillé-Coll
Aristide Cavaillé-Coll (; 4 February 1811 – 13 October 1899) was a French organ builder. He has the reputation of being the most distinguished organ builder of the 19th century. He pioneered innovations in the art and science of organ buildi ...
in his organs of the nineteenth century.
In modern organs, chamade stops are most often found at 8' and 4' as ''Trompette en Chamade'' and ''Clairon en Chamade'' respectively, with some examples at 16', and even rare instances at 5 1/3' (On the organ of St.Martin, Dudelange (Luxembourg), the organ of Our Lady of Lapa, Porto (Portugal) and the organ of Stiftsbasilika Waldsassen (Germany) have chamades at 16', 8', 5 1/3', and 4'). 'Chamade' is occasionally used as a stop name by itself.
''
Chamade'' was a trumpet call designed to be heard across the battlefield in the enemy camp, (announcing a desire to surrender).
See also
*
List of pipe organ stops
An organ stop can mean one of three things:
*the control on an organ console that selects a particular sound
*the row of organ pipes used to create a particular sound, more appropriately known as a ''rank''
*the sound itself
Organ stops are sor ...
References
;Notes
;Footnotes
External links
Encyclopedia of Organ StopsWicks Glossary of Organ Terms
{{Pipe organs
Reed type organ stops