Elihan Tore
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Elihan Tore ( Uyghur: ئەلىخان تۆرە; ; 21 March 1884 – 28 February 1976) was the 1st president of the
Second East Turkestan Republic The East Turkestan Republic (ETR) was a short-lived satellite state of the Soviet Union in northwest Xinjiang (East Turkestan), between November 12, 1944, and December 22, 1949. To differentiate it from the First East Turkestan Republic (1933 ...
. He was born in Tokmok, formerly known as Balasagun, Kyrgyzstan and in 1920 he escaped from the Soviet Union to
Kashgar Kashgar ( ug, قەشقەر, Qeshqer) or Kashi ( zh, c=喀什) is an oasis city in the Tarim Basin region of Southern Xinjiang. It is one of the westernmost cities of China, near the border with Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan ...
in East Turkestan. In April 1944, Elihan Tore along with Abdulkerim Abbas, Xabib Yunich and nine others formed a liberation organization in Ghulja (Yining) to free East Turkestan of
Chinese Nationalist Chinese nationalism () is a form of nationalism in the People's Republic of China (Mainland China) and the Republic of China on Taiwan which asserts that the Chinese people are a nation and promotes the cultural and national unity of all Chin ...
rule.(Chinese
动荡之源:新疆三区革命的国际背景 《西域研究》 2013 No. 3
10 January 2014
On 11 November 1944, they launched the
Ili Rebellion The Ili Rebellion () (Üch Wiläyt inqilawi) was a Uyghur separatist movement backed by the Soviet Union against the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China in 1944. After the start of the rebellion, the rebels established the Provision ...
with the support of the Soviet Union.


Biography

Elihan Tore was elected as President of the Eastern Turkestan Republic (ETR) next day after victory of Revolt in Ghulja city on 12 November 1944. He had a military rank of
Marshal Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society. As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for elevated o ...
of
Ili National Army The East Turkistan National Army, also known as the Ili National Army (), was the army of the East Turkestan Republic (ETR) that originally consisted of six regiments: the Suidun Infantry Regiment, the Ghulja Regiment, the Kensai Regiment, the ...
, formed on 8 April 1945. Elihan Tore was the only person in the ETR leadership who opposed Joseph Stalin's order to terminate offensive of Ili National Army on Urumchi and start negotiations with Kuomintang in October 1945. On 16 June 1946, six days after signing in Urumchi of the "Peace Agreement" between representatives of Eastern Turkestan Republic and Kuomintang, that concluded the difficult eight months negotiations being started on 14 October 1945 under Soviets mediation with accordance of the offer of Generalissimo
Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 ...
to peacefully resolve the Sinkiang crisis, he was forcibly brought back to the USSR by the KGB and confined here. The rest of his life he spent under house arrest in Tashkent, where he wrote a book ''Türkistan kaygısı'' (Turkistan Tragedy) about Xinjiang.


Works

* ''Türkistan kaygısı'', Tashkent, Uzbekistan, East Publishing House, 2003 * ''Tarihiy Muhammadiy'', Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Publisher: Kutlukkhan Shakirov * Drifter Saghuniy


External links


''Alikhan Tura and the Uyghur People''
* .
''Elihan Tore in issue 1 of the Islamic Turkistan''


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tore, Elihan Chinese Muslims East Turkestan independence activists 1884 births 1976 deaths Uyghur activists Uzbeks