Eleftherotypia

''Eleftherotypia'' ( el, Ελευθεροτυπία, lit=freedom of the press) was a daily national newspaper published in Athens, Greece.

Published since 21 July 1975, it was the first newspaper to appear after the fall of the Regime of the Colonels, and for most of its period had been one of the two most widely circulated newspapers in the country. Generally taking a center-left, socialist stance, it was highly respected for its independence and impartiality.

Following the economic downturn in Greece, the newspaper had to file for bankruptcy in 2011. Briefly taken over by a new publisher, lawyer Harris Oikonomopoulos, it was finally shut down in November 2014.

Profile

From the beginning, ''Eleftherotypia'' had been an opposition voice against the governments of the conservative Nea Demokratia party. Editors often adopted a social-democratic stance on a number of issues, but more radical viewpoints are also frequently represented in the paper, to a notably greater extent than in centre-left daily '' To Vima''. When in 1981, the socialist PASOK party came into government, it adopted a more pro-government stance, but remained critical and at times harsh.

History

Foundation

Founded as a cooperative owned by its journalists, it was nicknamed "the newspaper with 80 editors-in-chief". It was however soon taken over by the Tegopoulos brothers, and was published by businessman Christos ("Kitsos") Tegopoulos, retaining its traditional socialist domestic and international stance.

In the era of , who had been editor-in-chief from 1976 until 2006, ''Eleftherotypia'' sold up to 160,448 copies and had more than 800 employees.

Bankruptcy

Amidst the Greek financial crisis, ''Eleftherotypia'' was hit hard by dwindling revenues. Because of financial problems, Tegopoulos Publishing was unable to pay its employees from August 2011. A loan settlement with Alpha Bank was reached, causing the staff to be sharply cut and the headquarters to be sold. In October, ''Alpha Bank'' however withdrew the settlement, requiring the publisher to file for bankruptcy. The remaining 135 journalists however kept running what remained to be the second-largest newspaper of the country.

Relaunch and final closure

On 10 January 2013, ''Eleftherotypia'' and its internet site ''Enet'' were relaunched after new publisher Harris Oikonomopoulos had acquired 67% of Eleftherotypia’s shares from the Tegopoulos family. Under the new publisher, the newspaper, however did not recover. For nine months, the editors continued publishing the daily newspaper without being paid any wages. They proposed turning the newspaper back into a cooperative, but Oikonomopoulos turned them down. In November 2014 the newspaper's operations were finally halted and the editors were locked out from the newspaper's website and social media accounts.

BBC News described the closure of ''Eleftherotypia'', which it called "a rare voice of independence and impartiality", as the perhaps most shocking closure of the Greek media landscape.

Former journalists of Eleftherotypia decided to publish a new cooperative newspaper with the name "Efimerida ton Syntakton".We had no investors. We did it alone, believing in our power and abilities theguardian.com
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Editions

Weekend editions

The newspaper's Sunday edition ''Kyriakatiki Eleftherotypia'' ( el, Κυριακάτικη Ελευθεροτυπία) hosted select articles from ''Le Monde Diplomatique''. Since 2009, it contained ''The New York Times International Weekly'' supplement, featuring a selection of articles from ''The New York Times'' translated into Greek.

The Saturday and Sunday editions of ''Eleftherotypia'', usually featured articles by a group of journalists, who collectively use the name the "Ios" (Greek "Ιος" meaning "virus"). The Ios were known for targeting and heavily criticizing the Greek far right, the church, the army, the police and United States foreign policy.

The "" comics magazine

Every Wednesday, the newspaper features the "" ("ennea") comics magazine, named after the classification of comics as the "ninth art".Letter by Angelos Mastorakis, editor of ''9''
''9'' enjoys high readership of approximately 200,000 readers weekly. The magazine regularly organizes comics exhibitions and every year holds a competition for new talents and new creators, through which many young Greek comic artists have emerged, such as Helias Kyriazes, Tasos Papaioannou, Argyris Mavreas, Katerina Vamvasaki and Vasilis Lolos.

Each issue usually features an ongoing "central story" which usually takes up four or five consecutive issues, a science-fiction short story and various comics, strips and caricatures. Since the beginning of the magazine's publication, in June 2000, no issue has been published without a woman on its front page.

Daily political cartoons were provided by Kostas Koufogiorgos and Vaggeli Papavasiliou.

Controversy

In April 1977, Revolutionary Organization 17 November (17N) sent a manifesto to ''Eleftherotypia'', titled "Reply to the parties and groups" ("Απάντηση στα κόμματα και τις οργανώσεις"). The preface of the manifesto stated that ''Eleftherotypia'' was chosen because "a) it reported with respect to the facts of the attacks and b) gave voice to the full spectrum of the Left, even when not accepting its causes". This was the beginning of a trend that continued for almost every such action 17 November undertook, up until the organization's capture in 2002. Other Greek left wing radical and terrorist organizations, such as ELA, as well as small militant anarchist groups, also send their communiques exclusively to ''Eleftherotypia'', under the assumption that the newspaper, while unlikely to be directly supportive, would be more likely to publicise their views.

The newspaper became known for its policy of publishing the proclamations of such groups without criticism. Until 2002 it abstained from condemning terrorist attacks, including assassinations. In the past, some ''Eleftherotypia'' editors have also criticised counter terrorism laws, with some perceiving this as evidence that the publication was supportive of terrorism.Manolis Vasilakis, ''"Kala na pathoun"'', A research on the reactions of Greek media and the public after the 9/11 attacks.

In November 2005, the Court of Appeals in Athens found the publisher ''Tegopoulos Publishing'', as well as editor-in-chief Serafim Fintanidis and another 2 persons guilty of slandering the Public Prosecutor of the trial of the 17N terrorist group, District Attorney Christos Lambrou. They were fined Euro 60,000 each to be paid to Mr. Lambrou.

See also

* Politics of Greece
*List of newspapers in Greece
*Efimerida ton Syntakton

Notes

External links

Ios Website

{{Authority control

Daily newspapers published in Greece
Greek-language newspapers
Newspapers published in Athens
Newspapers established in 1975
1975 establishments in Greece
Publications disestablished in 2014
2014 disestablishments in Greece
Defunct newspapers published in Greece