Electronic road pricing (ERP, ) is an
electronic toll collection scheme first proposed in
Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
as early as in the 1980s to manage traffic by
congestion pricing
Congestion pricing or congestion charges is a system of surcharging users of public goods that are subject to congestion through excess demand, such as through higher peak charges for use of bus services, electricity, metros, railways, tele ...
. (
Singapore
Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
, which first adopted
ERP in 1998, was the first city in the world to implement electronic congestion pricing.
)
Hong Kong first conducted a pilot test on the electronic road pricing system between 1983 and 1985 with positive results, but when it tried to implement an actual electronic road pricing, it failed because of public opposition.
Electronic road pricing. Developments in Hong Kong 1983–1986
/ref> The study also included a simulation of the Singapore Area Licensing Scheme
The Singapore Area Licensing Scheme (ALS), ( Malay : Skim Perlesenan Kawasan Singapura) was a road pricing scheme introduced in 1975 to 1998, charged drivers who were entering downtown Singapore, and thereby aimed to manage traffic demand. This ...
, a 12-hour toll collecting system enforced manually implemented in 1975, and itself also a world pioneering effort as the first practical implementation of congestion pricing ever.[ However, public opposition against Hong Kong ERP stalled its permanent implementation.
]
Current developments
New studies conducted in the 1990s and the opposition towards further reclamation of the Victoria Harbour
Victoria Harbour is a natural landform harbor, harbour in Hong Kong separating Hong Kong Island in the south from the Kowloon Peninsula to the north. The harbour's deep, sheltered waters and strategic location on South China Sea were instrume ...
recently has led to advocates of the ERP as a possible alternative for road management. Thomas Chow, Deputy Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works, noted, however, that the Central-Wan Chai Bypass, to be built on the reclaimed land, is still needed because the ERP works best if an alternative road system is available, citing the Singapore
Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
and London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
experiences whereby the systems were only implemented after bypasses and alternative routes were available.
See also
*Road pricing
Road pricing (also road user charges) are direct charges levied for the use of roads, including road tolls, distance or time-based fees, congestion charges and charges designed to discourage the use of certain classes of vehicle, fuel sour ...
*Congestion pricing
Congestion pricing or congestion charges is a system of surcharging users of public goods that are subject to congestion through excess demand, such as through higher peak charges for use of bus services, electricity, metros, railways, tele ...
*Milan Area C
Area C is a congestion charge active in the city center of Milan, Italy. It was introduced in 2012, replacing the previous pollution charge Ecopass and based on the same designated traffic restricted zone. The area is about with 77,000 residen ...
* Electronic toll collection
*Electronic Road Pricing
The Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system is an electronic toll collection scheme adopted in Singapore to manage traffic by way of road pricing, and as a usage-based taxation mechanism to complement the purchase-based Certificate of Entitlem ...
(Singapore)
*London Congestion Charge
The London congestion charge is a fee charged on most cars and motor vehicles being driven within the Congestion Charge Zone (CCZ) in Central London between 7:00 am and 6:00 pm Monday to Friday, and between 12:00 noon and 6:00 pm Saturday an ...
*Singapore Area Licensing Scheme
The Singapore Area Licensing Scheme (ALS), ( Malay : Skim Perlesenan Kawasan Singapura) was a road pricing scheme introduced in 1975 to 1998, charged drivers who were entering downtown Singapore, and thereby aimed to manage traffic demand. This ...
*Stockholm congestion tax
The Stockholm congestion tax ( sv, Trängselskatt i Stockholm), also referred to as the Stockholm congestion charge, is a congestion pricing system implemented as a tax levied on most vehicles entering and exiting central Stockholm, Sweden. The ...
References
External links
Feasibility Study on Electronic Road Pricing, April 2001 – Hong Kong Government
* ttp://www.legco.gov.hk/yr97-98/english/panels/tp/papers/tp13035a.htm Panel on Transport (Papers) 13 Mar 98 – Panel on Transport, Legislative Councilbr>Transport Management, Hong Kong Annual Report 1999 "Electronic Road Pricing: Developments in Hong Kong 1983–89" in ''Journal of Transport Economics and Policy'', 24 (2), May 1990, pp. 203–214
(Adobe
Adobe ( ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is Spanish for '' mudbrick''. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of ...
Acrobat PDF
Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. ...
format)
Electronic Road Pricing Hong Kong – Wilbur Smith Associates
* ttp://www.transportroundtable.com.au/rpa/program.html The Hong Kong ERP Trial
Innovative techniques for electronic road pricing
* ttp://www.cleartheair.org.hk/traffic.htm Clean the Air – Hong Kongbr>Sustainable Transport in Hong Kong – The Dynamics of the Transport Related Decision-Making Process – Jarrad Brownlee, Civic Exchange, July 2001
{{portal bar, Economics, Environment, Hong Kong, Transport
Electronic toll collection, Hong Kong
Road transport in Hong Kong