Edward Kamau Brathwaite

The Honourable Edward Kamau Brathwaite, CHB (; 11 May 1930 – 4 February 2020), was a Barbadian poet and academic, widely considered one of the major voices in the Caribbean literary canon.Staff (2011)
"Kamau Brathwaite."
New York University, Department of Comparative Literature. Formerly a professor of Comparative Literature at New York University, Brathwaite was the 2006 International Winner of the Griffin Poetry Prize, for his volume of poetry ''Born to Slow Horses''.Staff (2006)
"Kamau Brathwaite."
The Griffin Poetry Prize. The Griffin Poetry Prize, 2006.

Brathwaite held a Ph.D. from the University of Sussex (1968)Staff (2010)
"Bios – Kamau Brathwaite."
The Center for Black Literature. The National Black Writers Conference, 2010. and was the co-founder of the Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM).Robert Dorsman, translated by Ko Kooman (1999)
"Kamau Brathwaite"
, Poetry International Web. He received both the Guggenheim and Fulbright Fellowships in 1983, and was a winner of the 1994 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, the Bussa Award, the Casa de las Américas Prize for poetry, and the 1999 Charity Randall Citation for Performance and Written Poetry from the International Poetry Forum.

Brathwaite was noted for his studies of Black cultural life both in Africa and throughout the African diasporas of the world in works such as ''Folk Culture of the Slaves in Jamaica'' (1970); ''The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica, 1770–1820'' (1971); ''Contradictory Omens'' (1974); ''Afternoon of the Status Crow'' (1982); and ''History of the Voice'' (1984), the publication of which established him as the authority of note on nation language.

Brathwaite often made use of a combination of customized typefaces (some resembling dot matrix printing) and spelling, referred to as Sycorax video style.

Biography

Early life and education

Lawson Edward Brathwaite was born in the capital city of Bridgetown, Barbados, to Hilton and Beryl (Gill) Brathwaite. He began his secondary education in 1945 at Harrison College in Bridgetown, and while there wrote essays on jazz for a school newspaper that he started, as well as contributing articles to the literary magazine ''Bim''.Staff (2001)
"Brathwaite, Edward Kamau – Biographical Information"
eNotes Literature Criticism, Poetry Criticism, Edward Kamau Brathwaite Criticism. In 1949 he won the Barbados Island Scholarship to attend the University of Cambridge, where he studied English and History.
In 1953, Brathwaite received a B.A. honours degree in History from Pembroke College, Cambridge, and he also began his association with the BBC's ''Caribbean Voices'' programme in London, where many of his poems and stories were broadcast. In 1954 he received a Diploma of Education from Pembroke College, Cambridge.

The years in Ghana

The year 1955 found Brathwaite working as an education officer in the Gold Coast with the Ministry of Education. This saw him "witness Kwame Nkrumah coming to power and Ghana becoming the first African state to gain independence, which profoundly affected his sense of Caribbean culture and identity", and he was also able to study with the musicologist J. H. Kwabena Nketia.

In 1960, while he was on home leave from Ghana, Brathwaite married Doris Monica Wellcome, a Guyanese graduate in Home Economics and Tropical Nutrition from the University of Leicester, with whom he had a son, Michael.

During his years in Ghana, Brathwaite's writing flowered, with ''Odale's Choice'' (a play) premiering at the Mfantsiman Secondary School in Cape Coast, in June 1962. A full production of the play was later taken to Accra.

Return to the Caribbean and the UK

In 1962–63, Brathwaite crossed the waters again and found himself as resident tutor in the Department of Extra-Mural Studies in St Lucia. Later in 1963, he made his journey to the University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus in Kingston, Jamaica, to teach in the History Department.

In 1966, Brathwaite spearheaded, as co-founder and secretary, the organization of the Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM) from London, other key figures involved being John La Rose and Andrew Salkey.

In 1971 he launched '' Savacou'', a journal of CAM, at the University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus in Kingston, Jamaica. That same year, Brathwaite received the name Kamau from Ngugi wa Thiong'o's grandmother at Limuru, Kenya, while on a City of Nairobi Fellowship to the University of Nairobi.Innes, Lyn (5 February 2020)
"Edward Kamau Brathwaite obituary"
''The Guardian''.

His doctoral thesis from Sussex University on ''The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica'' was published in 1971 by Oxford University Press, and in 1973 he published what is generally considered his best work, ''The Arrivants: A New World Trilogy'', comprising three earlier volumes: ''Rights of Passage'' (1967), ''Masks'' (1968) and ''Islands'' (1969).Mario Relich,
"Brathwaite, E. K. (Edward Kamau)"
in Jeremy Noel-Tod, Ian Hamilton (eds), ''The Oxford Companion to Modern Poetry in English'', Oxford University Press, Second edition 2013, pp. 67–68. An exhaustive bibliography of his work, entitled ''EKB: His Published Prose & Poetry, 1948–1986'' was produced by his wife, Doris Monica Brathwaite, in 1986. In response to her death later that year, Brathwaite wrote ''The Zea Mexican Diary: 7 September 1926 – 7 September 1986''.

Brathwaite described the years from 1986 to 1990 as a "time of salt," in which he chronicled the death of his wife in 1986, the destruction of his archive in Irish Town, Jamaica, by Hurricane Gilbert in 1988, and his near-death experience as a result of a Kingston shooting in 1990.

"Maroon years" and afterwards

Kamau Brathwaite spent three self-financed "Maroon Years", 1997 to 2000, at "Cow Pasture", his now famous and, then, "post-hurricane" home in Barbados. In 1998 he married Beverly Reid, a Jamaican.

In 1992 Brathwaite took up the position of Professor of Comparative Literature at New York University, subsequently dividing his residence between Barbados and New York.

In 1994, Brathwaite was awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature for his body of work, nominated by Ghanaian poet and author Kofi Awoonor, edging out other nominees including; Toni Morrison, Norman Mailer, and Chinua Achebe.

In 2002 the University of Sussex presented Kamau Brathwaite with an Honorary Doctorate.

In 2004, after his retirement from New York University, Brathwaite began chronicling a ''Second Time of Salt'', musing on what he deemed a "cultural lynching."

In 2006, he was the sole person that year to be awarded a Musgrave gold medal by the Institute of Jamaica