Ectropion is a

medical condition A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that a ...

in which the lower

eyelid An eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eye. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid, exposing the cornea to the outside, giving vision. This can be either voluntarily or involuntarily. The human eye ...

turns outwards. It is one of the notable aspects of newborns exhibiting congenital Harlequin-type ichthyosis, but ectropion can occur due to any weakening of tissue of the lower eyelid. The condition can be repaired surgically. Ectropion is also found in dogs as a

genetic disorder A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome. It can be caused by a mutation in a single gene (monogenic) or multiple genes (polygenic) or by a chromosomal abnormality. Although polygenic disorders ...

in certain breeds.

Causes

*Congenital *Aging *Scarring *Mechanical *Allergic * Facial nerve palsy *Anti-cancer treatments such as erlotinib, cetuximab, and panitumumab, which block the function of EGFR (the epidermal growth factor receptor).

Diagnosis

Ectropion can usually be diagnosed with a routine eye exam and physical. The eyelid's muscle tone and tightness can be assessed by pulling gently on the eyelid.

Ectropion in dogs

Ectropion in dogs usually involves the lower eyelid. Often the condition has no symptoms, but tearing and

conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. It makes the eye appear pink or reddish. Pain, burning, scratchiness, or itchiness may occur. Th ...

may be seen. Breeds associated with ectropion include the Cocker Spaniel, the Saint Bernard, the

Bloodhound The bloodhound is a large scent hound, originally bred for hunting deer, wild boar and, since the Middle Ages, for tracking people. Believed to be descended from hounds once kept at the Abbey of Saint-Hubert, Belgium, in French it is called, ...

, the Clumber Spaniel, and the

Basset Hound The Basset Hound is a short-legged breed of dog in the hound family. The Basset is a scent hound that was originally bred for the purpose of hunting hare. Their sense of smell and ability to ''ground-scent'' is second only to the Bloodhound.Har ...

. It can also result from

trauma Trauma most often refers to: *Major trauma, in physical medicine, severe physical injury caused by an external source *Psychological trauma, a type of damage to the psyche that occurs as a result of a severely distressing event *Traumatic inju ...

or nerve damage. Treatment (surgery) is recommended only if there is chronic conjunctivitis or if there is

cornea The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical ...

l damage. A small part of the affected lid is removed and then the lid is sewn back together.

References

External links

{{Congenital malformations and deformations of eye, ear, face and neck Dog diseases Disorders of eyelid, lacrimal system and orbit Congenital disorders of eyes

Causes

Diagnosis

Ectropion in dogs

See also

References

External links