Eastern Nagari script, Bengali script, Assamese script,
Bengali-
Assamese script
![]() Assamese script or Purbi script is the basis of the Bengali alphabet and the Assamese alphabet. Its usage is associated with the two main languages: Bengali and Assamese. Beside these two, the script has throughout history been used as writing system of other languages such as Bishnupriya Manipuri, Meitei Manipuri and Kokborok. Many other languages like Khasi, Bodo, Karbi, Mising etc. were also written in this script in the past.[1] Modern Sylheti is often written using this script as well. Hence, this script is the 5th most widely used writing system in the world. Silver tanka of Danujamarddana issued at Chatigram (Chittagong) in the year Saka 1339 (= 1417 CE). Legends are in letters of medieval Bengali; obverse: sri sri danujamarddana deva, reverse: sri chandi charana parayana. Contents 1 Description 2 Script 2.1 Vowels 2.2 Consonants 2.3 Digits 3 Eastern Nagari in Unicode 4 External links 5 Notes 6 References Description[edit]
Eastern Nagari script
Silver coin issued during the reign of Rudra Simha with Eastern Nagari
inscriptions. The text in the left says, in IAST:
"Śrī-Śrī-mat-Svargadeva-Rūdra-Siṁhasya-śāke-1622", in modern
Assamese alphabet
The text says: "শ্রীশ্রীমত্শিৱসিংহমহাৰাজা" "Sri Sri Mot Xiwo Xiṅho Moharaza" (in Assamese) (see also Siva Singha). Here a dotted "র" (wo/vo) is used instead of the modern "ৱ" ("wo" in Assamese during Ahom rules) in this 18th-century manuscript, with the same phonetic value. Eastern Nagari is less blocky and present a more sinuous shaping.
Eastern Nagari is derived from the precursor script Siddham. The
modern
Eastern Nagari script
Assamese Vowels Bengali Vowels Maithili Vowels The script presently has a total of 11 vowel letters, used to represent the seven vowel sounds of Bengali and eight vowel sounds of Assamese, along with a number of vowel diphthongs. All of these vowel letters are used in both Assamese and Bengali. Some of the vowel letters have different sounds depending on the word, and a number of vowel distinctions preserved in the writing system are not pronounced as such in modern spoken Bengali or Assamese. For example, the script has two symbols for the vowel sound [i] and two symbols for the vowel sound [u]. This redundancy stems from the time when this script was used to write Sanskrit, a language that had a short [i] and a long [iː], and a short [u] and a long [uː]. These letters are preserved in the script with their traditional names of "short i" and "long i", etc., despite the fact that they are no longer pronounced differently in ordinary speech. Two additional modified Vowels, অ' and অ্যা, are not considered letters of the Eastern Nagari script, but are often used in Assamese and Bengali (respectively) to represent certain vowels when the intended pronunciation would otherwise be ambiguous. Vowel Table Vowels Vowel Diacritic symbol Assamese Bengali Bishnupriya Manipuri Meitei Manipuri [1] Sylheti Hajong অ - ô ô/o ô ô/a o o অ’ ’ o - - - - - আ া a a a a: a a অ্যা/এ্যা ্যা - æ - - - - অৗ ৗ - - - - - â ই ি i i i i i i ঈ ী i i i - ī - উ ু u u u u u u ঊ ূ u u u - ū - ঋ ৃ ri ri ri - ri - ৠ ৄ rii rii - - - - ঌ ৢ li li - - - - ৡ ৣ lii lii - - - - এ ে ê e/ê e e e e এ’ ে’ e - - - - - ঐ ৈ ôi ôi ôi ei oi oi ও ো û u/o u o/ô - ô ঔ ৌ ôu ôu ôu ou ou ôu Vowel signs can be used in conjunction with consonants to modify the pronunciation of the consonant (here exemplified by ক, kô). When no vowel Diacritic symbol is written, then the vowel "অ" (ô) is the default inherited vowel for the consonant. To specifically denote the absence of a vowel, a hôsôntô (্) may be written underneath the consonant. Consonants[edit] The names of the consonant letters in Eastern Nagari are typically just the consonant's main pronunciation plus the inherent vowel "অ" ô. Since the inherent vowel is assumed and not written, most letters' names look identical to the letter itself (e.g. the name of the letter "ঘ" is itself ঘ ghô, not gh). Some letters that have lost their distinctive pronunciation in Modern Assamese and Bengali are called by a more elaborate name. For example, since the consonant phoneme /n/ can be written ন, ণ, or ঞ (depending on the spelling of the particular word), these letters are not simply called nô; instead, they are called "dental nô", "cerebral nô" and niô. Similarly, the phoneme /ʃ/ in Bengali and /x/ in Assamese can be written as "palatal shô/xhô" শ , "cerebral shô/xhô" ষ, or "dental sô/xô" স, depending on the word. Consonant Table Consonant Assamese Bengali Bishnupriya Manipuri Meitei Manipuri Sylheti Hajong ক kô kô kô kô xo ko খ khô khô khô khô xo kho গ gô gô gô gô go go ঘ ghô ghô ghô ghô go gho ঙ ungô ngô ngô ngô - ngo চ sô cô/sô cô cô so - ছ sô chô chô - so so জ zô jô jô jô zo jo ঝ zhô jhô jhô jhô zo jho ঞ niô nô nô - - - ট tô ţô ţô - to - ঠ thô ţhô ţhô - to - ড dô đô đô - do - ড় rô ŗô ŗô - ŗo - ঢ dhô đhô đhô - do - ঢ় rhô ŗhô ŗhô - ro - ণ nô nô nô - no - ত tô tô tô tô ṭo to থ thô thô thô thô ṭo tho দ dô dô dô dô ḍo do ধ dhô dhô dhô dhô ḍo dho ন nô nô nô nô no no প pô pô pô pô fo po ফ fô fô fô fô fo fo ব bô bô bô bô bo bo ভ bhô bhô bhô bhô bo bho ম mô mô mô mô mo mo য zô jô jô - zo - য় yô yô yô yô - yo র (wô) rô rô rô ro - ৰ rô (rô) - - ro ro ল lô lô lô lô lo lo ৱ wô - wô wô o wo শ xô şô şô - - - ষ xô şşô şşô - - - স xô şô sô sô şo - হ hô hô hô hô ho ho Digits[edit] Digits Western Arabic numerals 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Eastern Nagari numerals ০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯ Assamese names xuinno ek dui tini sari pas soy xat ath no শূন্য এক দুই তিনি চাৰি পাচ ছয় সাত আঠ ন Bengali names shunyô æk dui tin char pãch chhôy sat aţ nôy শূন্য এক দুই তিন চার পাঁচ ছয় সাত আট নয় Meitei names shunya ama ani ahum mari manga taruk taret nipa:n ma:pan শুন্য অমা অনি অহুম মরি মঙা তরূক তরেৎ নীপান মাপন Sylheti names shuinno ex dui tin sair fas soe shat/hat aŧ noe ꠡꠥꠁꠘ꠆ꠘ꠩ ꠄꠇ ꠖꠥꠁ ꠔꠤꠘ ꠌꠣꠁꠞ ꠙꠣꠌ ꠍꠄ ꠡꠣꠔ/ꠢꠣꠔ ꠀꠐ ꠘꠄ Eastern Nagari in Unicode[edit]
Main article: Bengali (
Unicode
Bengali[1][2]
Official
Unicode
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F U+098x ঀ ঁ ং ঃ অ আ ই ঈ উ ঊ ঋ ঌ এ U+099x ঐ ও ঔ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ চ ছ জ ঝ ঞ ট U+09Ax ঠ ড ঢ ণ ত থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম য U+09Bx র ল শ ষ স হ ় ঽ া ি U+09Cx ী ু ূ ৃ ৄ ে ৈ ো ৌ ্ ৎ U+09Dx ৗ ড় ঢ় য় U+09Ex ৠ ৡ ৢ ৣ ০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯ U+09Fx ৰ ৱ ৲ ৳ ৴ ৵ ৶ ৷ ৸ ৹ ৺ ৻ ৼ ৽ Notes 1.^ As of
Unicode
External links[edit] Omniglot – Assamese Alphabet Omniglot – Bengali Alphabet Notes[edit] ^ Prabhakara, M S Scripting a solution, The Hindu, 19 May 2005. References[edit] Bora, Mahendra (1981). The Evolution of Assamese Script. Jorhat, Assam: Assam Sahitya Sabha. v t e
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