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The New Pendolino is a class of high-speed tilting trains built by
Alstom Ferroviaria Alstom Ferroviaria S.p.A., former Fiat Ferroviaria S.p.A., is the Italian division of Alstom. Fiat Ferroviaria S.p.A. was the rail division of automobile manufacturer Fiat. It was founded in 1880 as Società Nazionale Officine di Savigliano.
(
Fiat Ferroviaria Alstom Ferroviaria S.p.A., former Fiat Ferroviaria S.p.A., is the Italian division of Alstom. Fiat Ferroviaria S.p.A. was the rail division of automobile manufacturer Fiat. It was founded in 1880 as Società Nazionale Officine di Savigliano.
) for Trenitalia and
Cisalpino Cisalpino AG () was a railway company, referred to as CIS in timetables, operating international trains between Switzerland and Italy connecting Basel, Schaffhausen, Zürich, Geneva, Milan, Venice, Trieste, Livorno, and Florence. The company h ...
. It is derived from a model developed for the Chinese operator Changchun Railway Company, and subsequently developed for other railway companies, optionally using the variable weight technology that characterizes this family of trains.


Overview

The name ''Pendolino'' is used to identify a family of high-speed, tilting-technology trains, produced in Italy. These trains owe their name ('' pendolino'' can mean 'small pendulum' in Italian) to the mechanism enabling them to tilt when going round a curve. The maximum tilt of 8 degrees allows the trains to reach a speed that is up to 35% higher than for conventional trains whilst remaining comfortable for passengers. Developed by Alstom Ferroviaria, which inherited tilting technology (including that of the British
Advanced Passenger Train The Advanced Passenger Train (APT) was a tilting high speed train developed by British Rail during the 1970s and early 1980s, for use on the West Coast Main Line (WCML). The WCML contained many curves, and the APT pioneered the concept of activ ...
) after its acquisition of former producer
Fiat Ferroviaria Alstom Ferroviaria S.p.A., former Fiat Ferroviaria S.p.A., is the Italian division of Alstom. Fiat Ferroviaria S.p.A. was the rail division of automobile manufacturer Fiat. It was founded in 1880 as Società Nazionale Officine di Savigliano.
, they are built at Alstom's Savigliano plants, in Piedmont, as well as in
Sesto San Giovanni Sesto San Giovanni (; lmo, Sest San Giovann, label=Western Lombard ), locally referred to as just Sesto ( lmo, Sest, links=no), is a ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Milan, Lombardy, northern Italy. Its railway station is the northernmost s ...
near Milan (which will supply the traction converters). The Pendolino first began service in Italy in 1988, with model
ETR 450 ETR 450 (''ElettroTrenoRapido 450'') was the first series Italian tilting train (also called Pendolino). History The Pendolino project was started in the 1970s by FIAT Ferroviaria. Development included a number of prototypes, the last of which w ...
, followed by ETR 460, ETR 470 and
ETR 480 The ETR 480 is a tilting Electric Multiple Unit built by Fiat Ferroviaria (now Alstom Ferroviaria) since 1993, It is also known as Pendolino. It was developed from the first new-generation Pendolino, the ETR 460. The main difference between ETR ...
. A new model generation was launched in 2006 with ETR 600 for Trenitalia and ETR 610 / RABe 503 for
Cisalpino Cisalpino AG () was a railway company, referred to as CIS in timetables, operating international trains between Switzerland and Italy connecting Basel, Schaffhausen, Zürich, Geneva, Milan, Venice, Trieste, Livorno, and Florence. The company h ...
, a railway company that operated trains between Switzerland and Italy. Manufacturer Alstom labeled them as ''New Pendolino''.


ETR 600-610 (Italy) / RABe 503 (Switzerland)

The ETR 610 / RABe 503 (also known as the Cisalpino Due as it was the second class of tilting trains used by
Cisalpino Cisalpino AG () was a railway company, referred to as CIS in timetables, operating international trains between Switzerland and Italy connecting Basel, Schaffhausen, Zürich, Geneva, Milan, Venice, Trieste, Livorno, and Florence. The company h ...
) primarily differs from the ETR 600 in the sense that the ETR 610 / RABe 503 supports the voltage and
signalling systems Railway signalling (), also called railroad signaling (), is a system used to control the movement of railway traffic. Trains move on fixed rails, making them uniquely susceptible to collision. This susceptibility is exacerbated by the enormou ...
used in Switzerland and Germany. This includes the need for much heavier on-board traction power transformers necessary as a result of the lower traction power frequency of 16.7 Hz used in Switzerland and Germany in comparison with those required for the 25 kV 50 Hz AC traction power supplies. The innovative features concern the interior and exterior design, now closer to the customers’ brand strategy and an improved comfort and services for passengers. Moreover, some important technical characteristics have been increased, such as the power of the traction unit and the level of redundancy of components and equipment, in order to improve reliability. The new trains will be produced in full accordance with the new regulations governing interoperability (for example, passive security in case of impact). The train is run on international routes from Switzerland to Italy and starting with the December 2017 schedule change one daily trip from Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof to Milano Centrale via the Gotthard Base Tunnel and back via Simplon Tunnel and Lötschberg Base Tunnel to Frankfurt.


ED250 (Poland)

On 30 May 2011 the Polish state railways
PKP PKP may stand for: Organizations * Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930, original Filipino communist party * Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas, underground Filipino Maoist party * Phi Kappa Phi, oldest all-discipline honor society in the United Stat ...
signed an agreement with Alstom for 20 Pendolinos ETR 610 for delivery in 2014. The first Pendolino was delivered on August 12, 2013. The new trains, called Pendolino ED250, will operate on the route from Gdynia to Warsaw, on the high-speed CMK Central Rail Line from Kraków/
Katowice Katowice ( , , ; szl, Katowicy; german: Kattowitz, yi, קאַטעוויץ, Kattevitz) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Upper Silesian metropolitan area. It is the 11th most popul ...
to Warsaw and Wrocław to Warsaw. Polish "Pendolino" trainsets do not have tilting mechanism which precludes them from the main advantage of faster taking of curves. High speed tests using the new Pendolino ED250 on the CMK Central Rail Line began in November 2013. On the first day of tests, November 16, the Pendolino reached . On 17 November 2013 a new speed record for Polish railways was set when the Pendolino ED250 reached a speed of , breaking the 19-year record of . On 24 November 2013 the final day of tests on the CMK Central Rail Line the Pendolino reached . The contract between the Polish operator
PKP Intercity PKP Intercity is a company of PKP Group responsible for long-distance passenger transport. It runs about 350 trains daily, connecting mainly large agglomerations and smaller towns in Poland. The company also provides most international trains to ...
and Alstom called for the first eight Pendolino
ED250 The New Pendolino is a class of high-speed tilting trains built by Alstom Ferroviaria ( Fiat Ferroviaria) for Trenitalia and Cisalpino. It is derived from a model developed for the Chinese operator Changchun Railway Company, and subsequently dev ...
trainsets to be delivered on 6 May 2014, tested ('
homologated Homologation (Greek ''homologeo'', ὁμολογέω, "to agree") is the granting of approval by an official authority. This may be a court of law, a government department, or an academic or professional body, any of which would normally work f ...
') for operation at using
ETCS L2 The European Train Control System (ETCS) is the signalling and control component of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS). It is a replacement for legacy train protection systems and designed to replace the many incompatible sa ...
signalling. The tests had not been performed by May, and PKP announced that Alstom had failed to meet the contract terms and would be charged penalties as of May 6. Alstom responded that homologation in Poland at using ETCS Level 2 was impossible, since ETCS Level 2 was not operational anywhere in Poland, and the
Central Rail Line (Poland) Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...
where the first ED250 Pendolino had reached in testing was equipped with ETCS Level 1, not Level 2. On 26 June 2014 a compromise was reached between PKP and Alstom under which the Pendolinos would be delivered under a two-stage homologation, first homologated for operation using ETCS Level 1 and eventually to be homologated for ETCS Level 2. Hopes were expressed that the Pendolinos could be in service by 14 December 2014. As of 2020/21 timetable, ED250 operate with scheduled speed of up to on selected stretches of the Warszawa - Gdynia and Central Rail Line routes. In 2020 one train did derail in Germany during an instrumented test run.


Avant S-114 (Spain)

The Avant S-114 is a four-car variant of the New Pendolino design, and much like the Polish version is not fitted with tilting mechanisms. The thirteen trainsets are now used on high-speed services between Madrid, Segovia, and Valladolid, on the high-speed line.


ETR 675 (Italy)

The new Pendolino EVO ETR.675 of NTV is part of the ''Avelia'' family of
Alstom Alstom SA is a French multinational rolling stock manufacturer operating worldwide in rail transport markets, active in the fields of passenger transportation, signalling, and locomotives, with products including the AGV, TGV, Eurostar, Avelia ...
, which also includes other convoys distributed in different countries of Europe. The Pendolino ETR.675, like the one
PKP PKP may stand for: Organizations * Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930, original Filipino communist party * Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas, underground Filipino Maoist party * Phi Kappa Phi, oldest all-discipline honor society in the United Stat ...
, is not equipped with variable attitude. The name Pendolino, however, evidently remains as a brand for trains that can be structured both with and without oscillation.


CRH5A (China)

China Railway High-speed China Railway High-speed (CRH) is a high-speed rail service operated by China Railway. The introduction of CRH series was a major part of the sixth national railway speedup, implemented on April 18, 2007. By the end of 2020, China Railway H ...
(CRH) purchased technologies from Alstom to assemble 60 sets of high speed EMU trains, which have been named
CRH5 The CRH5 Hexie (simplified Chinese: 和谐号; traditional Chinese: 和諧號; pinyin: Héxié Hào; literally: "Harmony") is an electric multiple unit high-speed train in use with China Railway High-speed in the People's Republic of China. The ...
and are based on the New Pendolino trains. The CRH5 are non-tilting trains. 30 additional sets were ordered in 2009 and 20 additional sets was ordered in 2010 to complete the current fleet operating on China's northern and eastern lines.


Technical characteristics

The trains have the following characteristics: *Seven cars, 4 motors and 3 trailers *Gauge: *Voltage: **ETR 600 (Trenitalia): 3 kV DC – 25 kV AC **ETR 610 (Trenitalia and Swiss Federal Railways): 3 kV DC – 25 kV AC – 15 kV (16.7 Hz) AC *Length of coach: (total length ) *Total length: *Width: *Maximum load per axle: (with passengers) *Weight: *Total weight under normal load (with seated passengers): *Maximum speed: *Total installed power: *Seating: 430 +2 for wheel chair users *Tilting actuating system: electro-hydraulic *
HVAC Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the use of various technologies to control the temperature, humidity, and purity of the air in an enclosed space. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HV ...
system with built-in redundancy The new Pendolino will be fitted with the European Train Control System (ETCS) Level 2 signalling system and SCMT, while trains produced for the Swiss Federal Railway (ETR 610) will have ETCS, SCMT, ZUB,
LZB Linienzugbeeinflussung (or LZB) is a cab signalling and train protection system used on selected Deutsche Bundesbahn, German and Austrian Federal Railways, Austrian railway lines as well as on the AVE and some commuter rail lines in Rail transpo ...
and Integra-Signum systems.


See also

* Pendolino *
Avelia Liberty Avelia Liberty, also known as the Acela II, is a high-speed passenger train built for the North American market by French manufacturer Alstom and assembled in the United States. Amtrak has ordered 28 trainsets for use on its flagship ''Acela'' ...
* List of high speed trains * China Railways CRH5, a non tilting New Pendolino * Avant class 114, a non tilting New Pendolino
Stamps with ETR 600





References


External links


Pendolino
– Alstom {{FS EMUs and DMUs High-speed trains of Italy Pendolino Passenger trains running at least at 250 km/h in commercial operations 3000 V DC multiple units 15 kV AC multiple units 25 kV AC multiple units Alstom multiple units