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The EU three, also known as EU big three, EU triumvirate, EU trio or simply E3, refers to
In 2003, France, Germany and the UK launched negotiations attempting to limit the Iranian nuclear program, which led to the Tehran Declaration of 21 October 2003 and the voluntary Paris Agreement of 15 November 2004.
EU 3 + 3, more commonly referred to as the E3+3, refers to a grouping which includes the EU-3 and China, Russia, and the United States. It was coined when these states joined the EU diplomatic efforts with Iran in 2006. In the United States and Russia, it is more commonly known as P5+1, which refers to the five permanent members of the UN Security Council plus Germany.
Italy took part in a number of these meetings between 2006 and 2007. In 2014, under the request of the Italian PM Matteo Renzi, Foreign Minister Federica Mogherini was named High Representative of the EU as the negotiations approached a conclusion and came to an end with the elaboration of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in 2015.
''EU calls for UN action over Iran''
BBC News, 12 January 2006 * {{cite news, url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HD01Ak01.html, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060410073032/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HD01Ak01.html, url-status=unfit, archive-date=10 April 2006, title=Iran: Options for a face-saving solution, author=Kaveh L Afrasiabi, date=1 April 2006, publisher=Asia Times, access-date=2009-06-17 Geography of the European Union France and the European Union Germany and the European Union United Kingdom and the European Union Italy and the European Union
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
, Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
and Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
, a group that consists of the three large founding members of the European Union.
It had also been used to refer to the grouping of France, Germany, and the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
, especially during the negotiations
Negotiation is a dialogue between two or more people or parties to reach the desired outcome regarding one or more issues of conflict. It is an interaction between entities who aspire to agree on matters of mutual interest. The agreement ...
with Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
from 2003.
EU-3 (EU founding states)
Activities
Germany, France and Italy were part of the originalInner Six
The Inner Six, also known as the Six, the Six founders, or the founding members of the European Union, refers to Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, the six founding member states of the European Communities, now ...
founders of the EU along with Benelux
The Benelux Union ( nl, Benelux Unie; french: Union Benelux; lb, Benelux-Unioun), also known as simply Benelux, is a politico- economic union and formal international intergovernmental cooperation of three neighboring states in western Europe: ...
nations.
Negotiations for greater integration in the EU
Determined to keep the European project intact in the wake of the UK's vote to Brexit, leave the European Union in 2016, France, Germany and Italy called for greater integration in various trilateral summits in Berlin, Paris and Ventotene. More recently France, Germany and Italy have agreed a common position about the Paris Agreement, Paris climate agreement they have led a draft EU law to restrain Chinese acquisitions of European firms and technologies and they lead the EU sanctions on North Korea.Statistics
EU-3 (largest economies in the EU until UK left)
The UK joined the European communities in 1973 and decided to leave in 2016.Negotiations with Iran
In 2003, France, Germany and the UK launched negotiations attempting to limit the Iranian nuclear program, which led to the Tehran Declaration of 21 October 2003 and the voluntary Paris Agreement of 15 November 2004.
EU 3 + 3, more commonly referred to as the E3+3, refers to a grouping which includes the EU-3 and China, Russia, and the United States. It was coined when these states joined the EU diplomatic efforts with Iran in 2006. In the United States and Russia, it is more commonly known as P5+1, which refers to the five permanent members of the UN Security Council plus Germany.
Italy took part in a number of these meetings between 2006 and 2007. In 2014, under the request of the Italian PM Matteo Renzi, Foreign Minister Federica Mogherini was named High Representative of the EU as the negotiations approached a conclusion and came to an end with the elaboration of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in 2015.
See also
* Big Four (Western Europe) * 1995 enlargement of the European Union, EU-15 * European balance of power *Inner Six
The Inner Six, also known as the Six, the Six founders, or the founding members of the European Union, refers to Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, the six founding member states of the European Communities, now ...
* Iran–European Union relations
* Visegrád Group
References
External links
''EU calls for UN action over Iran''
BBC News, 12 January 2006 * {{cite news, url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HD01Ak01.html, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060410073032/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HD01Ak01.html, url-status=unfit, archive-date=10 April 2006, title=Iran: Options for a face-saving solution, author=Kaveh L Afrasiabi, date=1 April 2006, publisher=Asia Times, access-date=2009-06-17 Geography of the European Union France and the European Union Germany and the European Union United Kingdom and the European Union Italy and the European Union