Dyspnoi is a suborder of
harvestmen
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extan ...
, currently comprising 43 extant genera and 356 extant species, although more species are expected to be described in the future. The eight families are currently grouped into three superfamilies: the Acropsopilionoidea, Ischyropsalidioidea, and Troguloidea.
Distribution
The Dyspnoi are one of the most biogeographically conserved higher groups of harvestmen. With the exception of Acropsopilioidea, none occur in the Southern Hemisphere, and most families are restricted along temperate regions. The only exceptions are some
Ortholasmatinae (Nemastomatidae) inhabiting the tropics on high mountains in
Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
(''
Ortholasma bolivari
''Ortholasma'' is a genus of harvestman, harvestmen in the family Nemastomatidae. There are about 13 described species in ''Ortholasma''.
Species
These 13 species belong to the genus ''Ortholasma'':
* ''Ortholasma colossus'' Shear, 2010
* ''Or ...
'') and northern
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...
(''
Dendrolasma angka'').
Systematics
*
Acropsopilionoidea
**
Acropsopilionidae
Acropsopilionidae is a family of harvestmen with 19 described species in 3 genera.
Species
* '' Acropsopilio'' Silvestri, 1904
:* '' Acropsopilio australicus'' Cantrell, 1980
:* '' Acropsopilio boopis'' (Crosby, 1904)
:* '' Acropsopilio chilens ...
(3 genera, 19 species)
*
Ischyropsalidoidea
**Ischyropsalidoidea ''
Incertae sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''
***''
Crosbycus dasycnemus''
***''
Hesperonemastoma'' (5 species)
**
Ischyropsalididae
Ischyropsalididae is a family of harvestmen
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovere ...
***
Ceratolasmatinae (2 genera, 8 species)
***
Ischyropsalidinae (1 genus, 23 species)
**
Sabaconidae
Sabaconidae is a family of harvestmen with 57 described species in one genus, ''Sabacon'', which is found throughout the Northern Hemisphere.
Name
The name of the type genus is derived from "Sabacon", an Egyptian king.
Description
This family ...
(1 genus, 57 species)
**
Taracidae (2 genera, 17 species)
*
Troguloidea
**
Dicranolasmatidae (1 genus, 16 species)
**
Nemastomatidae
The Nemastomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 170 described species in 16 recent genera. Several fossil species and genera are known.
Unlike some related currently recognized families, the Nemastomatidae are monophyletic. (2007): Nema ...
***
Nemastomatinae
Nemastomatinae is a subfamily of harvestmen with 123 described species in 18 genera.
Species
The following species are included in Nemastomatinae:
*''Acromitostoma'' Roewer, 1951
:* ''Acromitostoma hispanum'' (Roewer, 1917)
:* ''Acromitostom ...
(18 genera, 123 species)
***
Ortholasmatinae (7 genera, 27 species)
**
Nipponopsalididae (1 genus, 3 species)
**
Trogulidae
Trogulidae is a family of harvestmen with 5 genera and 57 extant species and one fossil species.
Members of this species have short legs and live in soil. They have dirt attached to their bodies, to escape predators. Their body length ranges fro ...
(5 genera, 57 species)
*†
Halithersidae monotypic,
Burmese amber
Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. The ...
, Myanmar,
Cenomanian
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1953025
Harvestmen
Arthropod suborders