Drangiana or Zarangiana ( el, Δραγγιανή, ''Drangianē''; also attested in Old Persian language, Old Western Iranian as Wikt:𐏀𐎼𐎣, 𐏀𐎼𐎣, ''Zraka'' or ''Zranka'', was a historical region and administrative division of the Achaemenid Empire. This region comprises territory around Hamun Lake, wetlands in Endorheic basin, endorheic Sistan Basin on the Iran-Afghanistan, Afghan border, and its primary Drainage basin, watershed Helmand River, Helmand river in what is nowadays southwestern region of Afghanistan.

History

In ancient times Drangiana was inhabited by an Iranian peoples, Iranian tribe which the ancient Greeks called Sarangians or Drangians. Drangiana was possibly subdued by another Iranian people, the Medes, and later, certainly, by the expanding Persian Achaemenid Empire of Cyrus the Great (559-530 BC). According to Herodotus, during the reign of Darius I (522-486 BC), the Drangians were placed in the same district as the Utians, Thamanaeans, Mycians, and those deported to the Persian Gulf. The capital of Drangiana, called Zarin or Zranka (like the Province), is identified with great probability with the extensive Achaemenid site of Dahan-e Gholaman southeast of Zabol in Iran. Another significant center was the city of Alexandria Prophthasia, Prophthasia, possibly located at modern Farah, Afghanistan, Farah in Afghanistan. On occasion Drangiana was governed by the same satrap as neighboring Arachosia. In 330-329 BC, the region was conquered by Alexander the Great. Drangiana continued to constitute an administrative district under Alexander and his Diadochi, successors. At Alexander's death in 323 BC, it was governed by Stasanor of Soli, Cyprus, Soloi, and later, in 321 BC, it was allotted to another Cyprus, Cypriot, Stasandros. By the end of the 4th century BC, Drangiana was part of the Seleucid Empire, but in the second half of the 3rd century BC it was at least temporarily annexed by Euthydemus I, Euthydemos I of Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Bactria. In 206-205 BC Antiochus III the Great, Antiochos III (222-187 BC) seems to have recovered Drangiana for the Seleucids during his ''Anabasis''. The history of Drangiana during the weakening of Seleucid rule is unclear, but by the mid-2nd century BC the area was conquered by the expanding Parthian Empire of the Arsacids.Schmitt (1995).

Notes

References

* * G. Gnoli, "Dahan-e Ḡolāmān," ''Encyclopaedia Iranica'', vol. 6 (1993) 582-585.
Drangiana by Jona Lendering
* R. Schmitt, "Drangiana," ''Encyclopaedia Iranica'', vol. 7 (1995) 534-537. {{Achaemenid Provinces Achaemenid satrapies Historical Iranian peoples Iranian countries and territories History of Zoroastrianism Nomadic groups in Eurasia Ancient Greek geography Geographic history of Afghanistan