Domingo de Santo Tomás
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Fray Domingo de Santo Tomás, O.P. (1499 – 28 February 1570) was a Spanish Dominican
missionary A missionary is a member of a Religious denomination, religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Tho ...
, bishop, and grammarian in the
Viceroyalty of Peru The Viceroyalty of Peru ( es, Virreinato del Perú, links=no) was a Spanish imperial provincial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained modern-day Peru and most of the Spanish Empire in South America, governed from ...
. He compiled the first
Quechua language Quechua (, ; ), usually called ("people's language") in Quechuan languages, is an Indigenous languages of the Americas, indigenous language family spoken by the Quechua peoples, primarily living in the Peruvian Andes. Derived from a common anc ...
grammar, published in 1560, and that same year published a work on the vocabulary of Quechua.


Early life

Santo Tomás was born in
Seville Seville (; es, Sevilla, ) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula ...
,
Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...
in 1499."Bishop Domingo de Santo Tomás, O.P."
''
Catholic-Hierarchy.org ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org'' is an online database of bishops and dioceses of the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Catholic Churches. The website is not officially sanctioned by the Church. It is run as a private project by David M. Cheney in ...
''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 5, 2016
He was educated in local church schools and entered the
Dominican Order The Order of Preachers ( la, Ordo Praedicatorum) abbreviated OP, also known as the Dominicans, is a Catholic mendicant order of Pontifical Right for men founded in Toulouse, France, by the Spanish priest, saint and mystic Dominic of Cal ...
as a youth. After he was ordained as a priest and had served in Spain for years, he was assigned as a missionary to the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of Peru in 1540, soon after the initial conquest of 1533. He founded the convent (monastery) and city of Yungay on 4 August 1540 to evangelize to the Inca.


Missionary work

For the purpose of
Indian Reductions Reductions ( es, reducciones, also called ; , pl. ) were settlements created by Spanish rulers and Roman Catholic missionaries in Spanish America and the Spanish East Indies (the Philippines). In Portuguese-speaking Latin America, such red ...
, by which the Spanish brought natives together around missions for teaching and work, Domingo learned the Quechua dialect that was spoken along the Peruvian coast near Lima. The coastal dialect of Quechua was significantly different from the one in
Cuzco Cusco, often spelled Cuzco (; qu, Qusqu ()), is a city in Southeastern Peru near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region and of the Cusco Province. The city is the seventh most populous in Peru; ...
, as was detailed by
Diego González Holguín Diego González Holguín (1560 – c. 1620) was a Spanish Jesuit priest and missionary, as well as a scholar of the Quechua languages during the era of the Viceroyalty of Peru. González Holguín was born in the Extremadura region of western Spai ...
in the early 17th century. In 1545, Domingo was elected prior of the ''Convento del Santísimo Rosario'' in
Lima Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of t ...
. In 1549, he created the "Tasa" of Lima, with Fray Jeronimo de Loayza and Fray Tomás de San Martín. In 1560 he published his ''Grammatica o arte de la lengua general de los Indios de los Reynos del Peru'' (a
Quechua Quechua may refer to: *Quechua people, several indigenous ethnic groups in South America, especially in Peru *Quechuan languages, a Native South American language family spoken primarily in the Andes, derived from a common ancestral language **So ...
grammar) in
Valladolid Valladolid () is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and de facto capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castile and León. It is also the capital of the province o ...
,
Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...
. In the same year, he published his ''Lexicon, o Vocabulario de la lengua general del Peru''. On 6 Jul 1562, he was appointed by
Pope Pius IV Pope Pius IV ( it, Pio IV; 31 March 1499 – 9 December 1565), born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 December 1559 to his death in December 1565. Born in Milan, his family considered ...
as
Bishop of La Plata o Charcas The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sucre ( la, Archidioecesis Sucrensis) is an archdiocese located in the city of Sucre in Bolivia.Jerónimo de Loaysa,
Archbishop of Lima The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lima ( la, Archidioecesis Limana) is part of the Roman Catholic Church in Peru which enjoys full communion with the Holy See. The Archdiocese was founded as the Diocese of Lima on 14 May 1541. The diocese was r ...
. He served as Bishop of La Plata o Charcas until his death in December 1570 in La Plata (Sucre), the
Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...
region of the Viceroyalty of Peru.


Works

* ''Grammatica o arte de la lengua general de los Indios de los Reynos del Peru'' (Valladolid, 1560). * ''Lexicon, o Vocabulario de la lengua general del Peru'' (Valladolid, 1560).''Lexicon o Vocabulario de la lengua general del Peru'' (1560) digital facsimile at the John Carter Brown Library
/ref> * ''Plática para todos los Indios'' (1560).


References


External links and additional sources

* (for Chronology of Bishops) * (for Chronology of Bishops)
Digital facsimiles of works by Domingo de Santo Tomás
from the
John Carter Brown Library The John Carter Brown Library is an independently funded research library of history and the humanities on the campus of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. The library's rare book, manuscript, and map collections encompass a variety of ...
on Internet Archive {{DEFAULTSORT:De Santo Tomas, Domingo 16th-century linguists Linguists from Peru Linguists from Spain Santo Tomás 16th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Bolivia Viceroyalty of Peru people 1499 births 1570 deaths 16th-century Spanish Roman Catholic priests 16th-century Peruvian Roman Catholic priests Spanish Dominicans Missionary linguists Bishops appointed by Pope Pius IV Dominican bishops Roman Catholic bishops of Sucre