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Domenico Gilardi (Доменико Жилярди, 1785–1845), was a
In 1817-1819 he completed his first independent job, reconstruction of Matvei Kazakov’s 
Gilardi's style goes back to the Milan variety of Empire Classicism, Luigi Cagnola and in particular Antonio Antolini's Bonaparte Forum. Grigoriev later followed the same canon. Gilardi's architectural talent is disputed, but his success in construction management and ability to lead concurrent major projects is unquestionable.
His first work in new construction was the Board of Trustees building, a new block on the Orphanage lot (Solyanka Street, now Academy of Medical Science). It was followed by private commissions from the Gagarin (Povarskaya street) and Golitsyn ( Kuzminki Estate, 1820–1832) families. In 1826-1832, Gilardi supervised the rebuilding of Slobodskoy Palace in Lefortovo, a subsidiary of the Orphanage. Grigoriev replaced his when Gilardi travelled to Europe and back.
After less than twenty years of active practice, Gilardi retired and left for Switzerland in 1832. Back home, he completed only one project – a chapel near Montagnola.
Giliardi's students and junior partners continued work in Moscow:
* Afanasy Grigoriev (1782–1868)
* Alessandro Gilardi (1808–1871)
*
Kuzminki: Photo Gallery
/ref> *1823-1826 Trustees House at The Orphanage (14a, Solyanka Street) *1829-1831 Usachev House (Zemlyanoy Val Street) Reconstruction *1813-1817 - Kremlin: assistant architect for Ivan the Great bell tower *1817-1819 - Moscow University *1818-1824 - Catherine's Institute (present-day Suvorov Square, Moscow) *1818-1823 - Widow's House (Kudrinskaya Square) *1826-1832 - Slobodskoy Palace (Lefortovo)
Swiss
Swiss may refer to:
* the adjectival form of Switzerland
*Swiss people
Places
* Swiss, Missouri
*Swiss, North Carolina
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Other uses
* Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports
* Swiss Internation ...
architect
An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...
who worked primarily in Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
, Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...
in Neoclassicist
Neoclassicism (also spelled Neo-classicism) was a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity. Neoclassicism wa ...
style. He was one of key architects charged with rebuilding the city after the Fire of 1812. Gilardi’s legacy survives in public buildings like Moscow Orphanage, Widows’ House, Catherine’s Institute and the Old Hall of Moscow University
M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...
.
Early life
The Gilardi family of architects, originally fromTicino
Ticino (), sometimes Tessin (), officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino,, informally ''Canton Ticino'' ; lmo, Canton Tesin ; german: Kanton Tessin ; french: Canton du Tessin ; rm, Chantun dal Tessin . ...
, established itself in Russia in the middle of the 18th century. Domenico’s father Giovanni, also known as ''Ivan Dementievich'', was well known in Moscow. Domenico was born in Montagnola and lived there until his mother brought him to Russia in 1796.
Domenico longed for a career in painting, so in 1799, his father sent him to an Italian workshop in St.Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
. After the death of Paul I, dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna awarded him a scholarship, and eventually a state-financed study tour to Italy. From 1803-1810 Domenico studied art in Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city ...
, Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico ...
, Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...
and Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
.
Domenico returned to Russia in June 1810, and in January 1811 joined his father, who was the architect of the enormous Moscow Orphanage (russian: Воспитательный дом, ''Foundling House''). The first two stages of this enormous structure, conceived by educator Ivan Betzkoy, were completed in 1764-1781 and required continuous additions and improvements. Domenico remained in the employ of the Orphanage for the rest of his career.
Professional career
In 1812, after the Battle of Borodino, Gilardis fled Moscow. The city burnt down in September 1812; the disaster created a wealth of opportunity for architects. In 1813, Domenico joined the Kremlin Building Commission, restoring Ivan the Great Bell Tower and other war losses. In 1817, his father retired and returned to Ticino; Domenico inherited his job as lead architect of The Orphanage.
In 1817-1819 he completed his first independent job, reconstruction of Matvei Kazakov’s University
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United Stat ...
in Mokhovaya Street. Gilardi retained the basic floorplan, but considerably changed exterior styling. In 1818, he also received commissions to rebuild the Widows’ House (Вдовий Дом) and Catherine’s Institute (Екатерининское училище). In a very short time, Gilardi concentrated the efforts to restore the four largest public buildings in the city, with the aid of Afanasy Grigoriev, a recently emancipated serf architect.
Gilardi's style goes back to the Milan variety of Empire Classicism, Luigi Cagnola and in particular Antonio Antolini's Bonaparte Forum. Grigoriev later followed the same canon. Gilardi's architectural talent is disputed, but his success in construction management and ability to lead concurrent major projects is unquestionable.
His first work in new construction was the Board of Trustees building, a new block on the Orphanage lot (Solyanka Street, now Academy of Medical Science). It was followed by private commissions from the Gagarin (Povarskaya street) and Golitsyn ( Kuzminki Estate, 1820–1832) families. In 1826-1832, Gilardi supervised the rebuilding of Slobodskoy Palace in Lefortovo, a subsidiary of the Orphanage. Grigoriev replaced his when Gilardi travelled to Europe and back.
After less than twenty years of active practice, Gilardi retired and left for Switzerland in 1832. Back home, he completed only one project – a chapel near Montagnola.
Giliardi's students and junior partners continued work in Moscow:
* Afanasy Grigoriev (1782–1868)
* Alessandro Gilardi (1808–1871)
*Yevgraph Tyurin
Yefgraph Dmitrievich Tyurin (Russian: Евграф Дмитриевич Тюрин) was a Russian architect and art collector, famous as the builder of Elokhovo Cathedral in Moscow, the main cathedral of Russian Orthodox Church in 1945–2000, an ...
(1792–1870)
Notable buildings
New Construction *1814-1822 Lunin House (Nikitskie Vorota Square) *1820-1822 Gagarin House (25,Povarskaya Street
Povarskaya Street (russian: Поварская улица), known from 1924–1991 as ''Vorovsky Street'' (улица Воровского), is a radial street in the center of Moscow, Russia, connecting Arbat Square on Boulevard Ring with Kud ...
)
*1820-1832 Kuzminki Estate: Riding Court, Manor, Services/ref> *1823-1826 Trustees House at The Orphanage (14a, Solyanka Street) *1829-1831 Usachev House (Zemlyanoy Val Street) Reconstruction *1813-1817 - Kremlin: assistant architect for Ivan the Great bell tower *1817-1819 - Moscow University *1818-1824 - Catherine's Institute (present-day Suvorov Square, Moscow) *1818-1823 - Widow's House (Kudrinskaya Square) *1826-1832 - Slobodskoy Palace (Lefortovo)
Footnotes