The German ship ''Doggerbank'' (Schiff 53) was a UK cargo ship that was built in

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a Anglo-Scottish border, border with England to the southeast ...

in 1926, captured by the

German Navy The German Navy (, ) is the navy of Germany and part of the unified ''Bundeswehr'' (Federal Defense), the German Armed Forces. The German Navy was originally known as the ''Bundesmarine'' (Federal Navy) from 1956 to 1995, when ''Deutsche Mari ...

in 1941, renamed ''Doggerbank'' and converted into an auxiliary

minelayer A minelayer is any warship, submarine or military aircraft deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing control ...

and blockade runner. The German

U-Boot U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare role ...

U-43 (1939) sank her by mistake in 1943, leading to the deaths of all but one of her 257 passengers and 108 crew. ''Doggerbank'' was built in Scotland in 1926 as ''Speybank'', one of 18 ''Inverbank''-class

motor ship A motor ship or motor vessel is a ship propelled by an internal combustion engine, usually a diesel engine. The names of motor ships are often prefixed with MS, M/S, MV or M/V. Engines for motorships were developed during the 1890s, and by th ...

s for Andrew Weir & Co's Bank Line. She was the first of three Bank Line ships that were called ''Speybank''. The second was built in England in 1962 and sold in 1978. The third was built in 1983 as ''Okha'', bought in 1995 and renamed ''Speybank'', and was still in service in 2009.

Building

Harland & Wolff Harland & Wolff is a British shipbuilding company based in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It specialises in ship repair, shipbuilding and offshore construction. Harland & Wolff is famous for having built the majority of the ocean liners for the W ...

built ''Speybank'' at

Govan Govan ( ; Cumbric?: ''Gwovan'?''; Scots: ''Gouan''; Scottish Gaelic: ''Baile a' Ghobhainn'') is a district, parish, and former burgh now part of south-west City of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated west of Glasgow city centre, on the south ba ...

Glasgow Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated popul ...

, launching her on 25 February 1926 and completing her on 20 April that year. Her registered length was ,her beam was and her depth was . Her

tonnage Tonnage is a measure of the cargo-carrying capacity of a ship, and is commonly used to assess fees on commercial shipping. The term derives from the taxation paid on ''tuns'' or casks of wine. In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically r ...

s were and . She had twin screws, each driven by a six-cylinder single-acting diesel engine. Between them the twin engines developed 717

NHP Horsepower (hp) is a unit of measurement of power, or the rate at which work is done, usually in reference to the output of engines or motors. There are many different standards and types of horsepower. Two common definitions used today are the ...

and gave her a speed of . Andrew Weir & Co registered ''Speybank'' in Glasgow. Her United Kingdom official number was 148902 and her code letters were KTWS. By 1930 she was equipped for

wireless telegraphy Wireless telegraphy or radiotelegraphy is transmission of text messages by radio waves, analogous to electrical telegraphy using cables. Before about 1910, the term ''wireless telegraphy'' was also used for other experimental technologies for ...

, and in 1934 she was given the new

call sign In broadcasting and radio communications, a call sign (also known as a call name or call letters—and historically as a call signal—or abbreviated as a call) is a unique identifier for a transmitter station. A call sign can be formally assign ...

GLQF, which also superseded her code letters.

Capture

On 31 January 1941 the captured ''Speybank'' in the

Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by t ...

and put aboard her a

prize crew A prize crew is the selected members of a ship chosen to take over the operations of a captured ship. Prize crews were required to take their prize to appropriate prize courts, which would determine whether the ship's officers and crew had suffici ...

commanded by KptLt Paul Schneidewind. He took her to

German-occupied France The Military Administration in France (german: Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; french: Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zo ...

, reaching

Bordeaux Bordeaux ( , ; Gascon oc, Bordèu ; eu, Bordele; it, Bordò; es, Burdeos) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, Southwestern France. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefect ...

on 10 May 1941. The Kriegsmarine renamed her ''Doggerbank'' – ''Schiff 53'' (German: "Ship 53") and converted to an auxiliary

. She was disguised with false name ''Levernbank'', which was another member of Bank Line's ''Inverbank'' class. She remained under Schneidewind's command. ''Doggerbank'' left France in January 1942 to lay mines off the coast of

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the ...

and then to proceed to Japan. She successfully laid the mines in March and April 1942 and reached Japan later that year. On 13 March the

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...

cruiser stopped ''Doggerbank''. ''Doggerbank'' identified herself as the Bank Line ship ''Levernbank'', which satisfied ''Durban'', who let her continue. The next day the Royal Navy armed merchant cruiser challenged ''Doggerbank''. ''Doggerbank'' again identified herself as a British freighter, and ''Cheshire'' let her proceed.

Final voyage

In Japan, ''Doggerbank'' took aboard many of the survivors of the auxiliary cruiser and the German tanker ''

Uckermark The Uckermark () is a historical region in northeastern Germany, straddles the Uckermark District of Brandenburg and the Vorpommern-Greifswald District of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Its traditional capital is Prenzlau. Geography The region is nam ...

'', the former ''Altmark'', which had been destroyed in an accident in

Yokohama is the second-largest city in Japan by population and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city and the most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a 2020 population of 3.8 million. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of T ...

on 30 November 1942. When she left the Far East, ''Doggerbank'' carried a total of 365 men: her own crew of 108, plus 257 men from the other two ships. She also carried a cargo of 7,000 tons of raw materials and rubber, fats and fish oil. ''Doggerbank'' travelled ''via'' Kobe, Saigon,

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...

and Jakarta, which she left on 10 January 1943, heading back to France. In mid-Atlantic on 3 March 1943 she was travelling ahead of schedule when the U-boat mistook her for a British ship "of the type". ''U-43'' fired a spread of three torpedoes, all three of which hit her. She sank within two minutes, with perhaps 200 men killed instantly.

Aftermath

''U-43'' saw ''Doggerbank'' launch five lifeboats, and tried to find the survivors, but failed to get close enough in the darkness. ''Doggerbank'' had been unable to transmit a

distress signal A distress signal, also known as a distress call, is an internationally recognized means for obtaining help. Distress signals are communicated by transmitting radio signals, displaying a visually observable item or illumination, or making a soun ...

, so the German Naval High Command took days to realise she had been lost. The eventual sole survivor of the crew of 108 and the 257 others on board, Fritz Kürt, was in ''Doggerbanks

jolly boat The jolly boat was a type of ship's boat in use during the 18th and 19th centuries. Used mainly to ferry personnel to and from the ship, or for other small-scale activities, it was, by the 18th century, one of several types of ship's boat. The de ...

, together with the ship's captain, Schneidewind, a small number of other men and the ship's dog. The boat headed for the

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout ...

n coast, about three weeks's sailing away. Through suicide and accidents, the small crew was eventually reduced to two, Kürt and an old sailor by the name of Boywitt, the captain having shot himself and the ship's dog having drowned. Desperate for water and food, Boywitt drank sea water on the 19th day of their journey and died, while Kürt was too weak to even roll the dead body overboard. Kürt was rescued on 29 March by the

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...

motor tanker ''Campoamor'', which took him to Aruba. ''U-43'' was sunk on 30 July 1943 without survivors. Kürt was exchanged in a prisoner-of-war swap in 1944, reported back to the German Navy, and then hid in

Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...

until the end of the war, as he was about to be arrested.

References

Bibliography

* * *

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Doggerbank 1926 ships Friendly fire incidents of World War II Maritime incidents in March 1943 Ships built in Govan Ships built by Harland and Wolff Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II World War II auxiliary ships of Germany World War II merchant ships of the United Kingdom World War II minelayers of Germany World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean