The Texas kangaroo rat (''Dipodomys elator'') is a rodent of the family

Heteromyidae Heteromyidae is a family of rodents consisting of kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice, pocket mice and spiny pocket mice. Most heteromyids live in complex burrows within the deserts and grasslands of western North America, though species within th ...

. It is found in

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

and Oklahoma in the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

, where it often lives in association with brush species, like mesquite and lotebush, growing in areas with firm clay-loam soils. The species is listed as threatened by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and the IUCN lists the species as vulnerable.

Description

It is a relatively large kangaroo rat that ranges in size from approximately 60 grams to 95 or more. Males and females of this species are sexually dimorphic, males being larger than females. Its distribution is within north-central Texas and it is only found within 13 counties.

Diet and behavior

At one time, many thought that Texas kangaroo rats were associated with brush, especially mesquite. Recent investigations indicate that lotebush is also important and the rat may not even need brush. Burrows are not always associated with brush species and can occur on small prairie mounds. They also opportunistically use loose, friable soil that accumulates along fence lines and pasture roads. ^{/sup>

The rat has been shown in a study that analyzed cheek pouch contents of several individuals to eat leaves of grasses and some perennials, stems, and seeds. In this one study area near fields that contained Johnson grass

Johnson grass or Johnsongrass, ''Sorghum halepense'', is a plant in the grass family, Poaceae, native to Asia and northern Africa. The plant has been introduced to all continents except Antarctica, and most larger islands and archipelagos. It re ...
and cultivated oats, seeds from these plants were found to make up the largest part of their diet.

Breeding

Breeding has not been studied extensively but generally they have a promiscuous mating system, mature early, mate all year with peaks in spring and summer, and have about 3 young per brood.
Conservation

One of the largest threats that this organism faces is habitat loss and degradation due to agriculture within Texas. Monocultures like wheat fields are a large issue and under- or overgrazing

Overgrazing occurs when plants are exposed to intensive grazing for extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods. It can be caused by either livestock in poorly managed agricultural applications, game reserves, or nature res ...
rangelands can be a problem when range plants become too dense or to many cattle eat the plants that they feed on during instances of overgrazing. However, if grazing occurs properly, the rodents benefit. Proper grazing helps create amounts of bare ground needed for dust bathing, movement, seed caching, and burrow sites. This is an area that should be researched more in order to better understand their habitat selection and the effect that these land-use practices have on the organism.

References

Further reading

*Mammals of Texas
Texas Kangaroo Rat
* Carter, D.C., W.D. Webster, J.K. Jones Jr., C. Jones, and R.D. Suttkus.1985. Dipodomys elator. Mammalian Species 232:1–3.
* Chapman, B.R. 1972. Food Habits of Loring's Kangaroo Rat, Dipodomys elator. Journal of Mammalogy 53:877–880.
* Dalquest, W.W. and G. Collier. 1964. Notes on Dipodomys elator, a rare kangaroo rat. The Southwestern Naturalist 9:146–150.
* Goetze, J. R., W.C. Stasey, A.D. Nelson, and P.D. Sudman. 2007. Habitat attributes and population size of Texas kangaroo rats on an intensely grazed pasture in Wichita County, Texas. Texas Journal of Science 59:11–22.
* Martin, R.E. and K.G. Matocha.1991. The Texas kangaroo rat, Dipodomys elator, from Motley Co., Texas, with notes on habitat attributes. The Southwestern Naturalist 36:354–356.
* Martin, R.E. and K.G. Matocha. 1972. Distributional status of the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys elator. Journal of Mammalogy 53:873–877.
* Moss, S.P. and P. Mehlhop-Cifelli. 1990. Status of the Texas kangaroo rat, Dipodomys elator (Heteromyidae), in Oklahoma. The Southwestern Naturalist 35:356–358.
* Roberts, J.D. and R.L. Packard. 1973. Comments on movements, home range and ecology of the Texas kangaroo rat, Dipodomys elator Merriam. Journal of Mammalogy 54:957–962.
* Stangl, F.B., T.S. Schafer, J.R. Goetze, and W. Pinchak. 1992. Opportunistic use of modified and disturbed habitat by the Texas kangaroo rat (Dipodomys elator). The Texas Journal of Science 44:25-25.
* Webster, D. and K. Jones. 1985. Nongeographic variation, reproduction, and demography in the Texas kangaroo rat, Dipodomys elator (Rodentia: Heteromyidae). The Texas Journal of Science 37:51–56

{{Taxonbar, from=Q307345

Dipodomys
Mammals of the United States
Endemic fauna of the United States
Mammals described in 1894
Taxa named by Clinton Hart Merriam}