Diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSR), or ultra-low emittance storage rings, are

synchrotron light source A synchrotron light source is a source of electromagnetic radiation (EM) usually produced by a storage ring, for scientific and technical purposes. First observed in synchrotrons, synchrotron light is now produced by storage rings and other ...

s where the emittance of the electron-beam in the storage ring is smaller or comparable to the emittance of the x-ray photon beam they produce at the end of their insertion devices. These facilities operate in the soft to hard x-ray range (100eV—100keV) with extremely high brilliance (in the order of 10²¹—10²² photons/s/mm²/mrad²/0.1%BW) Together with X-ray

free-electron laser A free-electron laser (FEL) is a (fourth generation) light source producing extremely brilliant and short pulses of radiation. An FEL functions and behaves in many ways like a laser, but instead of using stimulated emission from atomic or molecula ...

s, they constitute the fourth generation of light sources, characterized by a relatively high coherent flux (in the order of 10¹⁴—10¹⁵photons/s/0.1%BW for DLSR) and enable extended physical and chemical characterizations at the nano-scale.

Existing diffraction-limited storage rings

MAX IV Laboratory MAX IV is a next-generation synchrotron radiation facility in Lund, Sweden. Its design and planning has been carried out within the Swedish national laboratory, MAX-lab, which up until 2015 operated three accelerators for synchrotron radiation re ...

, in Lund, Sweden. *

Sirius Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky. Its name is derived from the Greek word , or , meaning 'glowing' or 'scorching'. The star is designated α Canis Majoris, Latinized to Alpha Canis Majoris, and abbreviated Alpha CM ...

, in Campinas, Brazil *

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) is a joint research facility situated in Grenoble, France, supported by 22 countries (13 member countries: France, Germany, Italy, the UK, Spain, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, ...

, Extremely Brilliant Source
ESRF-EBS
, in Grenoble, France

DLSR upgrade or facilities under construction

* Advanced Photon Source Upgrade
APS-U
, in Argonne, Illinois, USA

Planned or projected DLSR upgrades or new facilities

* PETRA IV, Upgrade
PETRA IV
, at DESY, Hamburg, Germany *

Advanced Light Source The Advanced Light Source (ALS) is a research facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California. One of the world's brightest sources of ultraviolet and soft x-ray light, the ALS is the first "third-generation" synchrotro ...

, Upgrade
ALS-U
, in Berkeley, California, USA * Swiss Light Source 2, Upgrade (SLS-2), in Viligen, Switzerland *

Diamond Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, ...

II
Diamond II
, in Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK * ELETTRA 2.0
Elettra 2.0
, in Trieste, Italy *

High Energy Photon Source The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a diffraction-limited storage ring synchrotron light source A synchrotron light source is a source of electromagnetic radiation (EM) usually produced by a storage ring, for scientific and technical pur ...

(HEPS), in Beijing, China * ALBA II, in Barcelona, Spain *

SOLEIL SOLEIL ("Sun" in French) is a synchrotron facility near Paris, France. It performed its first acceleration of electrons on May 14, 2006. The name ''SOLEIL'' is a backronym for ''Source optimisée de lumière d’énergie intermédiaire du LURE ...

II, in Saint-Aubin, France
Conceptual Design Report for SOLEIL Upgrade
', accessed 24 April 2023.

References

X-rays Photons Accelerator physics {{accelerator-stub

Existing diffraction-limited storage rings

DLSR upgrade or facilities under construction

Planned or projected DLSR upgrades or new facilities

See also

References