Diaporthales is an order of

sac fungi Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defi ...

. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added a number of name families to the order. Diaporthales includes a number of plant pathogenic fungi, the most notorious of which is ''

Cryphonectria parasitica The pathogenic fungus ''Cryphonectria parasitica'' (formerly ''Endothia parasitica'') is a member of the Ascomycota (sac fungi). This necrotrophic fungus is native to East Asia and South East Asia and was introduced into Europe and North America ...

'' (Murrill) Barr, the

chestnut blight The pathogenic fungus ''Cryphonectria parasitica'' (formerly ''Endothia parasitica'') is a member of the Ascomycota (sac fungi). This necrotrophic fungus is native to East Asia and South East Asia and was introduced into Europe and North America ...

fungus that altered the landscape of eastern

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

. Other diseases caused by members of this order include stem canker of

soybean The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu an ...

s ('' Diaporthe phaseolorum'' (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. and its varieties), stem-end rot of

citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lim ...

fruits ('' Diaporthe citri'' F.A. Wolf), and

peach The peach (''Prunus persica'') is a deciduous tree first domesticated and cultivated in Zhejiang province of Eastern China. It bears edible juicy fruits with various characteristics, most called peaches and others (the glossy-skinned, non-fu ...

canker disease (''

Phomopsis amygdali ''Fusicoccum amygdali'' is a plant pathogen, which often releases a toxin known as fusicoccin that causes the stomata of the plant to open. References External links USDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Bot ...

'' Del.). Some species produce secondary metabolites that result in toxicosis of animals such as lupinosis of

sheep Sheep or domestic sheep (''Ovis aries'') are domesticated, ruminant mammals typically kept as livestock. Although the term ''sheep'' can apply to other species in the genus ''Ovis'', in everyday usage it almost always refers to domesticated s ...

(''

Diaporthe toxica ''Diaporthe toxica'' (anamorph ''Phomopsis'' sp. formerly ''P. leptostromiformis var. leptostromiformis)'' is a lupin endophyte and occasionally a plant pathogen. The fungus produces secondary metabolites that result in toxicosis of animals such ...

'' P.M. Williamson et al.). A number of asexually reproducing plant pathogenic fungi also belong in the Diaporthales, such ''

Greeneria uvicola Grape black rot is a fungal disease caused by an ascomycetous fungus, ''Guignardia bidwellii'', that attacks grape vines during hot and humid weather. “Grape black rot originated in eastern North America, but now occurs in portions of Europ ...

'' (Berk. & Curt.) Punith., cause of bitter rot of

grape A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus ''Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of grapes began perhaps 8,000 years ago, ...

, and ''

Discula destructiva ''Discula destructiva'' is a fungus in the family Gnomoniaceae which causes dogwood anthracnose, affecting populations of dogwood trees native to North America. It was introduced to the United States in 1978 and is distributed throughout the Ea ...

'' Redlin, cause of

dogwood ''Cornus'' is a genus of about 30–60 species of woody plants in the family Cornaceae, commonly known as dogwoods, which can generally be distinguished by their blossoms, berries, and distinctive bark. Most are deciduous trees or shrub ...

anthracnose, both of which are

mitotic In cell biology, mitosis () is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division by mitosis gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintai ...

diaporthalean species with no known sexual state.

Genera ''incertae sedis''

The following

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

within the Diaporthales have an uncertain

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

placement (

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

), according to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota. A question mark preceding the genus name means that the placement of that genus within this order is uncertain.

References

External links

Diaporthales Home, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Ascomycota orders Taxa named by John Axel Nannfeldt Taxa described in 1932 {{Sordariomycetes-stub