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Depth hoar, also called sugar snow or temperature gradient snow (or TG snow), are large snow-
The Avalanche Encyclopedia
extensive summary with animation of formation process
Depth Hoar, Avalanches, And Wet Slabs: A Case Study Of The Historic March, 2012 Wet Slab Avalanche Cycle At Bridger Bowl, Montana
'montana.edu''.
The formation rate of depth hoar J. C. Giddings E. LaChapelle
First published in June 1962. {{Ice Snow
Depth hoar, also called sugar snow or temperature gradient snow (or TG snow), are large snow-crystal
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. In addition, macro ...
s occurring at the base of a snowpack
Snowpack forms from layers of snow that accumulate in geographic regions and high elevations where the climate includes cold weather for extended periods during the year. Snowpacks are an important water resource that feed streams and rivers as t ...
that form when uprising water vapor deposits
A deposit account is a bank account maintained by a financial institution in which a customer can deposit and withdraw money. Deposit accounts can be savings accounts, current accounts or any of several other types of accounts explained below.
...
, or desublimates, onto existing snow crystals. Depth hoar crystals are large, sparkly grains with facet
Facets () are flat faces on geometric shapes. The organization of naturally occurring facets was key to early developments in crystallography, since they reflect the underlying symmetry of the crystal structure. Gemstones commonly have facets cut ...
s that can be cup-shaped and that are up to 10 mm in diameter. Depth hoar crystals bond poorly to each other, increasing the risk for avalanche
An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a slope, such as a hill or mountain.
Avalanches can be set off spontaneously, by such factors as increased precipitation or snowpack weakening, or by external means such as humans, animals, and ea ...
s.
The formation of depth hoar in Arctic
The Arctic ( or ) is a polar regions of Earth, polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenla ...
or Antarctic
The Antarctic ( or , American English also or ; commonly ) is a polar region around Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole. The Antarctic comprises the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau and othe ...
firn can cause isotopic changes in the accumulating ice. This can influence analysis of ice core
An ice core is a core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheet or a high mountain glacier. Since the ice forms from the incremental buildup of annual layers of snow, lower layers are older than upper ones, and an ice core contains ...
s in scientific research.
References
External links
The Avalanche Encyclopedia
extensive summary with animation of formation process
Further reading
Depth Hoar, Avalanches, And Wet Slabs: A Case Study Of The Historic March, 2012 Wet Slab Avalanche Cycle At Bridger Bowl, Montana
'montana.edu''.
The formation rate of depth hoar J. C. Giddings E. LaChapelle
First published in June 1962. {{Ice Snow