The Deferribacteraceae are a family of

gram-negative bacteria Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall ...

which make energy by

anaerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2). Although oxygen is not the final electron acceptor, the process still uses a respiratory electron transport chain. In aerobic organisms undergoing r ...

.Huber, H., and Stetter, K.O. "Family I. ''Deferribacteraceae'' fam. nov." In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed., vol. 1 (The

Archaea Archaea ( ; singular archaeon ) is a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotes. Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaeba ...

and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria) (D.R. Boone and R.W. Castenholz, eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York (2001). pp. 465-466.

Description

Deferribacteraceae are

rod-shaped A bacillus (), also called a bacilliform bacterium or often just a rod (when the context makes the sense clear), is a rod-shaped bacterium or archaeon. Bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. However, the name '' Baci ...

, although the rods may be straight or bent. They are

gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wa ...

. Deferribacteraceae perform anaerobic respiration using iron,

manganese Manganese is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese is a transition metal with a multifaceted array of ...

, or

nitrate Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the chemical formula . Salts containing this ion are called nitrates. Nitrates are common components of fertilizers and explosives. Almost all inorganic nitrates are soluble in water. An example of an insolu ...

. They can also produce energy by

fermentation Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes. In biochemistry, it is narrowly defined as the extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. In food p ...

. The type genus of the family is ''

Deferribacter ''Deferribacter'' is a genus in the phylum Deferribacterota ( Bacteria). Etymology The name ''Deferribacter'' derives from:Latin pref. ''de''-, from; Latin noun ''ferrum'', iron; New Latin masculine gender noun, a rod'' bacter'', nominally meani ...

''.

Phylogeny

Taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the

List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the nomenclature, naming and Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the In ...

(LSPN) See the NCBIbr>webpage on Deferribacteres
Data extracted from the * Phylum Deferribacterota Garrity and Holt 2021 ** Class Deferribacteres Huber & Stetter 2002 *** Order Deferribacterales Huber & Stetter 2002 **** Genus ?'' Petrothermobacter'' Tamazawa et al. 2017 **** Family "Calditerrivibrionaceae" Spring et al. 2022 ***** Genus ''

Calditerrivibrio ''Calditerrivibrio'' is a genus of bacteria from the family of Deferribacteraceae with one known species ('' Calditerrivibrio nitroreducens''). ''Calditerrivibrio nitroreducens'' has been isolated from a hot spring from Yumata in Japan ...

'' Iino ''et al''. 2008 **** Family Deferribacteraceae Huber & Stetter 2002 ***** Genus ''

'' Greene ''et al''. 1997 **** Family "Deferrivibrionaceae" Zavarzina et al. 2022 ***** Genus "'' Deferrivibrio''" Zavarzina et al. 2022 **** Family "Flexistipitaceae" Spring et al. 2022 ***** Genus '' Flexistipes'' Fiala ''et al''. 2000 **** Family "Geovibrionaceae" Cavalier-Smith 2020 ***** Genus ''

Denitrovibrio ''Denitrovibrio'' is a Gram-negative, mesophilic A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, with an optimum growth range from . The optimum growth temperature for these organisms is 37°C. T ...

'' Myhr & Torsvik 2000 ***** Genus ''

Geovibrio ''Geovibrio'' is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic Anaerobic means "living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen", as opposed to aerobic which means "living, active, or occurring only in the presence ...

'' Caccavo ''et al''. 2000 ***** Genus "'' Limisalsivibrio''" Spring et al. 2022 ***** Genus '' Seleniivibrio '' Rauschenbach et al. 2013 **** Family "Mucispirillaceae" Spring et al. 2022 ***** Genus ''

Mucispirillum ''Mucispirillum'' is a genus in the phylum Deferribacterota ( Bacteria). It is represented by the single species ''Mucispirillum schaedleri, .'' It has been found in the intestinal tract of some rodents and considered a commensal with some associa ...

'' Robertson ''et al''. 2005

History

The family was first described in 2001 in order to hold the genera ''Deferribacter'', ''Flexistipes'', and ''Geovibrio''.

References

Deferribacterota {{bacteria-stub

Description

Phylogeny

Taxonomy

History

See also

References