Declaration of Panama on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
The Panama Conference was a meeting by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the
Neutrality (Declaration of Panama)
3 October 1939 {{DEFAULTSORT:Panama Conference Military history of Panama during World War II History of the foreign relations of the United States 20th-century diplomatic conferences 1939 in international relations 1939 in Panama World War II conferences 1939 conferences Foreign relations of Mexico Foreign relations of El Salvador Foreign relations of Honduras Foreign relations of Nicaragua Foreign relations of Cuba Foreign relations of Peru Foreign relations of Paraguay Foreign relations of the Dominican Republic Foreign relations of Chile Foreign relations of Colombia Foreign relations of Panama Foreign relations of Brazil Foreign relations of Ecuador Foreign relations of Costa Rica Foreign relations of Uruguay Foreign relations of Venezuela Foreign relations of Argentina Foreign relations of Guatemala Foreign relations of Bolivia Foreign relations of Haiti
The Panama Conference was a meeting by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
, Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Co ...
, Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
, Ecuador
Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ' ...
, Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
, Costa Rica, Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = National seal
, national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...
, Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...
, Uruguay
Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...
, Honduras, Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
, Colombia, Venezuela
Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...
, Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
, Guatemala, Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the countr ...
, Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares with ...
, Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
, Bolivia, Haiti and El Salvador in Panama City
Panama City ( es, Ciudad de Panamá, links=no; ), also known as Panama (or Panamá in Spanish), is the capital and largest city of Panama. It has an urban population of 880,691, with over 1.5 million in its metropolitan area. The city is locat ...
at the Republic of Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Co ...
on September 23, 1939, shortly after the beginning of World War II in Europe.
Background
US PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
had sought to aid Latin America by the non-interventionist
Non-interventionism or non-intervention is a political philosophy or national foreign policy doctrine that opposes interference in the domestic politics and affairs of other countries but, in contrast to isolationism, is not necessarily opposed t ...
Good Neighbor policy
The Good Neighbor policy ( ) was the foreign policy of the administration of United States President Franklin Roosevelt towards Latin America. Although the policy was implemented by the Roosevelt administration, President Woodrow Wilson had prev ...
, but he soon became aware of the possibility of nations in the region turning to fascism
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy an ...
, and he began efforts aimed at uniting the region against its influence. He called conferences, notably the 1936 Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace and 1938 Peru Conference. Despite opposition by Chile and Argentina, the Lima Declaration was unofficially agreed upon at Peru and stipulated that any country in the Americas could call for foreign ministers to attend a conference if it considered Latin America to be threatened.
Shortly after World War II began in Europe, a conference was called in Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Co ...
.
Conference
The participants divided themselves into three sub-committees to discuss neutrality, the maintenance of peace in the area, and economic cooperation. At the end of its deliberations, the conference issued the Panama Declaration, which confirmed the neutrality of the participants, banned belligerent submarines from entering their ports, demanded the cessation of subversive activities within their countries, and announced the formation of a maritime security zone which was to extend over on either side of the American continent except forCanada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
and European colonies and possessions.
US citizens generally approved of the agreements reached at the conference.
See also
* Havana Conference (1940) *Pan-American Security Zone
During the early years of World War II before the United States became a formal belligerent, President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared a region of the Atlantic, adjacent to the Americas as the Pan-American Security Zone. Within this zone, United St ...
References
Further reading
* * *External links
Neutrality (Declaration of Panama)
3 October 1939 {{DEFAULTSORT:Panama Conference Military history of Panama during World War II History of the foreign relations of the United States 20th-century diplomatic conferences 1939 in international relations 1939 in Panama World War II conferences 1939 conferences Foreign relations of Mexico Foreign relations of El Salvador Foreign relations of Honduras Foreign relations of Nicaragua Foreign relations of Cuba Foreign relations of Peru Foreign relations of Paraguay Foreign relations of the Dominican Republic Foreign relations of Chile Foreign relations of Colombia Foreign relations of Panama Foreign relations of Brazil Foreign relations of Ecuador Foreign relations of Costa Rica Foreign relations of Uruguay Foreign relations of Venezuela Foreign relations of Argentina Foreign relations of Guatemala Foreign relations of Bolivia Foreign relations of Haiti