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Mortality rate, or death rate,[3]:189,69 is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 (out of 1,000) in a population of 1,000 would mean 9.5 deaths per year in that entire population, or 0.95% out of the total. It is distinct from "morbidity", which is either the prevalence or incidence of a disease, and also from the incidence rate (the number of newly appearing cases of the disease per unit of time).[3]:189[verification needed]

An important specific mortality rate measure is the crude death rate, which looks at mortality from all causes in a given time interval for a given population. As of 2020, for instance, the CIA estimates that the crude death rate globally will be 7.7 deaths per 1,000 persons in a population per year.[4] In a generic form,[3]:189 mortality rates can be seen as calculated using ${\displaystyle (d/p)\cdot 10^{n}}$, where d represents the deaths from whatever cause of interest is specified that occur within a given time period, p represents the size of the population in which the deaths occur (however this population is defined or limited), and ${\displaystyle 10^{n}}$is the conversion factor from the resulting fraction to another unit (e.g., multiplying by ${\displaystyle 10^{3}}$to get mortality rate per 1,000 individuals).[3]:189

## Crude death rate, globally

The crude death rate is defined as "the mortality rate from all causes of death for a population," calculated as the "[t]otal number of deaths during a given time interval" divided by the "[m]id-interval population", per 1,000 or 100,000; for instance, the population of the U.S. was ca. 290,810,000 in 2003, and in that year, approximately 2,419,900 deaths occurred in total, giving a crude death (mortality) rate of 832 deaths per 100,000.[5]:3–20f As of 2020, the CIA estimates the U.S. crude death rate will be 8.3 per 1,000, while it estimates that the global rate will be 7.7 per 1,000.[4]

According to the World Health Organization, the ten leading causes of death, globally, in 2016, for both sexes and all ages, were as presented in the table below.[6]

Crude death rate, per 100,000 population

1. Ischaemic heart disease, 126
2. Stroke, 77
3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 41
4. Lower respiratory infections, 40
5. Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 27
6. Trachea, [update], for instance, the CIA estimates that the crude death rate globally will be 7.7 deaths per 1,000 persons in a population per year.[4] In a generic form,[3]:189 mortality rates can be seen as calculated using ${\displaystyle (d/p)\cdot 10^{n}}$, where d represents the deaths from whatever cause of interest is specified that occur within a given time period, p represents the size of the population in which the deaths occur (however this population is defined or limited), and ${\displaystyle 10^{n}}$is the conversion factor from the resulting fraction to another unit (e.g., multiplying by ${\displaystyle 10^{3}}$to get mortality rate per 1,000 individuals).[3]:189

The crude death rate is defined as "the mortality rate from all causes of death for a population," calculated as the "[t]otal number of deaths during a given time interval" divided by the "[m]id-interval population", per 1,000 or 100,000; for instance, the population of the U.S. was ca. 290,810,000 in 2003, and in that year, approximately 2,419,900 deaths occurred in total, giving a crude death (mortality) rate of 832 deaths per 100,000.[5]:3–20f As of 2020, the CIA estimates the U.S. crude death rate will be 8.3 per 1,000, while it estimates that the global rate will be 7.7 per 1,000.[4]

According to the World Health Organization, the ten leading causes of death, globally, in 2016, for both sexes and all ages, were as presented in the table below.[6]

Crude death rate, per 100,000 population

1. Ischaemic heart disease, 126
2. Stroke, 77
3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 41
4. Lower respiratory infections, 40
5. Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 27
6. Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers, 23
7. Diabetes mellitus, 21